scholarly journals The effect of silicon (Si) on the growth and nutritional status of Schizolobium amazonicum seedlings subjected to zinc toxicity

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Gerson Diego Pamplona Albuquerque ◽  
Bruno Lemos Batista ◽  
André Leandro Maia de Souza ◽  
Ana Ecidia de Araújo Brito ◽  
Vitor Resende Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Zinc Toxicity ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Translocation Factors

Zinc is an essential element to plants. However, excessive zinc levels can severely damage them. Schizolobium amazonicum is an Amazon native species that presents desirable features to remediate environments contaminated with heavy metals. Silicon has the beneficial effect of reducing the toxicity of different contaminants. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of Si on the growth and nutritional status of S. amazonicum seedlings subjected to zinc toxicity. The study followed a completely randomized design at 4 x 2 factorial arrangement based on four zinc (1, 150, 300 and 600 μM) and two silicon (0 and 1.5 mM) concentrations with five repetitions for 30 days. Increasing Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced the growth of the plant and Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plant tissues, increased S concentrations and led to higher toxicity in the roots than shoot of S. amazonicum plants. Si addition to the nutrient solution increased plant growth and the absorption of the evaluated macro and micronutrients. Si increased plant tolerance level from 42.8 to 41.3% at 600 µM Zn, which suggested that this element mitigated the phytotoxic effects of the excess of zinc. Based on the tolerance index, the species presented medium and high tolerance to the evaluated zinc doses. Bioconcentration and translocation factors have indicated the low Zn-phytoextraction capacity of S. amazonicum and suggested that the species may be promising for Zn phytostabilization purposes.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO DA CANDEIA PELA ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL E ORGÂNICA EM REJEITO DA MINERAÇÃO DE QUARTZITO

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiany Silva Amaral ◽  
Enilson De Barros Silva ◽  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Bárbara Olinda Nardis ◽  
Neubert Homem Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A mineração tem promovido um grande aumento na ocorrência de áreas degradadas advindas de atividades mineradoras no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da candeia sob a influência da adubação mineral e orgânica quando cultivada em rejeito da mineração de quartzito. Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco combinações de adubação orgânica (AO) e mineral (AM) e um tratamento adicional do rejeito sem AO e AM (Controle). As combinações foram: 0%AO/100%AM; 25%AO/75%AM; 50%AO/50%AM; 75%AO/25%AM; 100%AO/0%AM. As doses de 100% de AM e AO foram de 0,15 gde N, 0,32 gde P2O5, 0,18 g de K2O e 5 g de esterco de curral por dm³ de rejeito. A candeia respondeu positivamente à adubação mineral e orgânica com as doses recomendadas de 0,075 g N, 0,16 g P2O5 e 0,09 g K2O e 2,5 g de esterco de curral, por dm3 de rejeito da mineração de quartzito. O acúmulo de nutrientes na espécie candeia foi na seguinte ordem na parte aérea: K > N > P > Ca > Mg >S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.Palavras-chave: Área degradada; teor adequado; estado nutricional; espécie nativa. AbstractGrowth of Eremanthus erythropappus by mineral and organic fertilization on mining reject of quartzite. There is a large increase of degraded areas as result of mining activities in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate growth of the Eremanthus erythropappus on mining reject of quartzite, under the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer. We developed an experiment in a greenhouse, in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five combinations of mineral (MF) and organic (OF) fertilizer, and an additional treatment of mining reject without MF and OF (witness). The combinations were as follows: 0%OF/100%MF; 25%OF/75%MF; 50%OF/50%MF; 75%OF/25%MF; 100%OF/0% MF. Doses of 100% MF and OF were: 0,15 g of N, 0,32 g of P2O5, 0,18 g of K2O, and 5 g of bovine manure per dm³ of mining rejects. The Eremanthus erythropappus responded to mineral fertilization with recommended doses of 0,075 g N, 0,16 g P2O5 and 0,09 g K2O and 2,5 g of bovine manure per dm³ of mining reject of quartzite. The accumulation of nutrients in the species Eremanthus erythropappus on the shoot was as follows: K > N > P > Ca > Mg >S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.Keywords: Degraded area; nutritional status; nutrients accumulation; native species.

scholarly journals Isolation and Expression Analysis of Novel Silicon Absorption Gene from Roots of Mangrove(Rhizophora apiculata) viaSuppression Subtractive Hybridization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbod Sahebi ◽  
Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽  
Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Parisa Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Abundant Element

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soil after oxygen. It is not an essential element for plant growth and formation but plays an important role in increasing plant tolerance towards different kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses. The molecular mechanism of Si absorption and accumulation may differ between plants, such as monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Silicon absorption and accumulation in mangrove plants are affected indirectly by some proteins rich in serine and proline amino acids. The expression level of the genes responsible for Si absorption varies in different parts of plants. In this study, Si is mainly observed in the epidermal roots’ cell walls of mangrove plants compared to other parts. The present work was carried out to discover further information on Si stress responsive genes inRhizophora apiculata, using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique. To construct the cDNA library, two-month-old seedlings were exposed to 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM SiO2for 15 hrs and for 1 to 6 days resulting in a total of 360 high quality ESTs gained. Further examination by RT-PCR and real-time qRT-PCR showed the expression of a candidate gene ofserine-rich protein.

scholarly journals Efficiency of portable chlorophyll meters in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessana F. Schlichting ◽  
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Matheus de C. Silva ◽  
William Pietro-Souza ◽  
Tonny J. A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of two portable chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030) in assessing the nutritional status of wheat plants, correlating the indices from the devices and the direct determination of chlorophyll content with the concentration of nitrogen (N) in the plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots with 5 dm3 of Oxisol, in a completely randomized design, with six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 mg dm-3) and five replicates. At 47 days after emergence, the readings of SPAD and Falker indices and the quantification of chlorophyll content and N concentration in wheat plants were performed, as well as analysis of variance and correlation test, both at 0.05 probability level. The chlorophyll meters Minolta SPAD® 502 and Falker ClorofiLOG® 1030 do not differ with respect to the indirect determination of chlorophyll in wheat plants. The Falker chlorophyll index was statistically equal to the chlorophyll content. Indirect chlorophyll indices and chlorophyll content showed a high correlation with the N concentration in the plant.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and silicon fertilization of upland rice

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho ◽  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Silicon is not considered an essential element for plant development and growth, but its absorption brings several benefits to some crops, especially rice, by increasing cellular wall thickness, providing mechanical resistance to the penetration of fungi, improving the opening angle of leaves and making them more erect, decreasing self-shading and increasing resistance to lodging, especially under high nitrogen rates. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilization on vegetative and yield components, plant height, and yield of rice cultivar IAC 202, an experiment was carried out combining three nitrogen rates (5, 75 and 150 mg N kg-1 soil) applied as urea, and four silicon rates (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg SiO2 kg-1 soil) applied as calcium silicate. Trial was set up in a completely randomized design 3 ´ 4 factorial scheme, (N = 5). Nitrogen fertilization increased the number of stems and panicles per square meter and the total number of spikelets, reflecting on grain productivity. Excessive tillering caused by inadequate nitrogen fertilization reduced the percentage of fertile stalks, spikelet fertility and grain mass. Silicon fertilization reduced the number of blank spikelets per panicles and increased grain mass, but did not affect grain productivity.

scholarly journals Nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants under hydroponic cultivation using brackish water

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Donato da Silva Souza ◽  
Geronimo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Sirleide Maria de Menezes ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
José Amilton Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Cultivation using brackish waters can result in nutritional and metabolic imbalances in several plant species, consequently reducing the production of dry matter (DM) and accumulation of toxic ions (Na+ and/or Cl-) in plants. We evaluated the DM production, and nutrient and inorganic solute (Na+ and Cl-) content in green onion plants (cv. Todo Ano Evergreen - Nebuka) under different levels of nutrient solution salinity in combination with circulation frequencies of this solution. Two experiments were conducted in a hydroponic system, using a completely randomized design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates: six levels of nutrient solution salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1) and two solution circulation frequencies (twice and thrice a day). In Experiment I, the evapotranspired depth was replaced using brackish water that was used to prepare each of the salinity levels (used exclusively), whereas in Experiment II, brackish water was used only to prepare each of the salinity levels and public water was used (electrical conductivity [ECw] = 0.12 dS m-1) for replacement in all treatments. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity reduced the production of DM and accumulation of nutrients; the reductions were more pronounced when brackish waters were used exclusively (Experiment I). However, the circulation of solutions thrice a day resulted in the harmful effects of the salinity effect. Replacing the evapotranspirated blade with water supply (Experiment II) mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity. Moreover, three circulations of the nutrient solution daily resulted in lower accumulation of inorganic Na+ and Cl- solutes and increased accumulation of nutrients N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and S in the culture.

scholarly journals Renewable organic waste as substrate conditioning for the production of Euterpe oleracea seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e76101724345
Author(s):  
Amanda da Silva Reis ◽  
Nayara Martins Alencar ◽  
João Batista Fernandes da Cruz ◽  
Maria Luara Aragão Silva ◽  
Flavia Barreira Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth

Forest restoration has the premise of restoring degraded native vegetation to conditions prior to degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of seedlings of a native species from the Amazon biome (Euterpe oleracea) under different substrates. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Tocantins, using a completely randomized design, and a 5x 4 factorial scheme, with five substrates (babassu stem + soil, babassu stem + rice husk + soil, coconut fiber + soil, babassu stem + fiber coconut + rice husk + soil, commercial substrate + soil - control), four trial periods (50, 100, 150 and 200 days). The evaluated variables: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, seedling quality index, leaf area and absolute growth rate. The growth of assai seedlings was influenced by the different substrates, until the 150 days after transplanting the quality and development of the seedlings were the same, both for the treatments that used commercial substrate and for the treatments that used renewable materials in their composition. The treatment using babassu stem (T1) obtained better shoot dry matter, total dry matter and seedling quality index values, in addition to being a material found in abundance in the regions, making this treatment the most viable and recommended for the production of assai seedlings.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and biomass of african mahogany seedlings grown with nutrient solution in the Northern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-970
Author(s):  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Aline Das Graças Souza ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Marcia Souza Alves ◽  
Paulo Renato de Oliveira Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

O objetivo neste trabalho foi determinar aspectos sobre variáveis de crescimento e partição de massa seca das mudas de Khaya senegalensis, bem como a marcha de absorção de nutrientes, em função das épocas e adubação mineral. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6. Dois níveis do fator solução nutritiva (sem e com adição) e seis níveis para o fator período (0; 60; 80; 100; 120 e 140 dias). Foram utilizadas 4 repetições, sendo cada uma delas composta de 10 mudas. Para avaliação da qualidade das mudas, consideraram-se os parâmetros morfológicos, relações e índices de qualidade: altura da parte aérea (H; cm); diâmetro do coleto (DC; mm); massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA; g planta-1); massa seca da raiz (MSR; g planta-1); massa seca total (MST = MSPA + MSR; g planta-1); relação massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz (MSPA/MSR); índice de robustez (IR= H/DC; cm mm-1); e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e o acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte aérea e sistemaradicular. A adição de solução é recomendada para mudas de Khaya senegalensis a partir da época 100 dias após o transplantio em viveiro de telado na Amazônia setentrional. A manutenção das mudas de Khaya senegalensis com uso de solução nutritiva proporciona as melhores condições para o aproveitamento dos macronutrientes e permite obter mudas aptas para campo em 140 dias após o transplantio em viveiro de telado em Roraima.

scholarly journals Biodiversity outcomes of an urban revegetation programme in Wellington, New Zealand: The role of patch size, isolation, age and the urban matrix

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicky OliverSmith
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

<p>Urban revegetation programmes are an important contribution to the biodiversity of our landscape environment. Wellington city has, for nearly two decades, promoted revegetation of the city with a focus in latter years on eco-sourced native species. This is a substantial urban greening project planting 100,000 native plants per annum. This thesis analyses the native revegetation programme and posits recommendations for continuance and enhancement for consideration.  Data were collected from a sample set of twenty revegetated sites and four reference sites in Wellington city. Two transects per site were set up with invertebrate pitfall traps, lizard pitfall traps, lizard tree covers, bird count stations and vegetation surveys. The data were collected over a twelve-month period. Ordination was used to examine the community composition of revegetation sites in relation to each other and the four reference sites. Multiple regression was used to examine the influence of patch age, patch size, isolation and residential land cover upon a range of biodiversity variables.   The key findings of this study are that revegetated sites lacked the level of ground cover by native seedlings that were characteristic of the mature reference sites. Also found was that revegetation sites in Wellington City require around ten years of growth before natural regeneration of native seedlings began to become apparent.  Large native birds were more likely to be found in close proximity to mature primary bush, confirming that mature primary bush is an essential element of the landscape. Weta were found in increased numbers as distance from mature primary bush increased. Northern grass skinks were the only species of lizard found, in association with a higher proportion of residential area in the matrix.   The key management recommendations of this study are; the development of a collaborative connective strategy; further enrichment planting designed to maximize structural diversity over time; the investment in well planned robust monitoring programmes.  This research contributes to the understanding of biodiversity outcomes of an urban native revegtation programme, providing baseline data for future monitoring purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Sources and doses of aluminum in experiments with rice in nutrient solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Lucas B. de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu M. Fernandes ◽  
Suelen C. M. Maia ◽  
Arianne Moniz ◽  
Beatriz G. Mazziero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aluminum Activity ◽  
Aluminum Compounds

ABSTRACT The aluminum source to produce toxicity in upland rice in nutrient solution experiments is not yet well established, althought the aluminum potassium sulfate has been utilized source to produce aluminum toxicity. However, in recent studies have used aluminum chloride. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of aluminum sources and doses to produce toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was arranged in a block randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme and four repetitions. The treatments were two aluminum sources (aluminum potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2.12H2O and aluminum chloride - AlCl3.6H2O) and five aluminum doses in nutrient solution (0, 370, 740, 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil, starting in April 2012, and was carried out for 56 days from transplanting of the seedlings. Using aluminum chloride, the rice plants show lower production of root and total dry weight, area and root volume, medium and thick root length, potassium and sulfur contents and accumulations. Using aluminum potassium sulfate, there are lower aluminum activity and availability, besides the formation of large amount of aluminum compounds non-toxic to the plants (aluminum sulfate) in the nutrient solution. The aluminum doses between 1100 to 1480 µmol L-1, corresponding to aluminum activity of 336.8 to 429.0 µmol L-1 of aluminum chloride as source, are more effective to produce aluminum toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of Indigenous Tree Species in Broussonetia papyrifera Invaded Sites in Pra -Anum Forest Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kwesi Yalley ◽  
Daniel Adusu ◽  
Abdul-Rahman Bunyamin ◽  
Isaac Okyere ◽  
Austin Asare
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species ◽  
Control And Management

Broussonetia papyrifera invasion poses a serious threat to indigenous tree species in Ghana. Many conservation scientists therefore emphasize the need to control, manage, and possibly eradicate the species. However, attempts at control and management require adequate knowledge of its ecology and impact on invaded ecosystems. Employing a complete randomized design with twenty-four (24) 20 m × 20 m plots, 12 each on invaded and uninvaded sites, this study assesses the indigenous species regeneration potential under Broussonetia papyrifera-invaded sites in the Pra-Anum forest reserve. The study provides evidence of the negative impact of Broussonetia on the regenerative capacity of the reserve, as 335 seedlings per 4800 m2 distributed over 43 species were recorded on the uninvaded site compared to 156 seedlings per 4800 m2 distributed over 31 species on the invaded site. The study, however, observed some level of resilience of species belonging to the Ulmaceae and Lecythidaceae families, as they appeared fairly represented on the invaded site. Floristic diversity was also observed to be negatively impacted by Broussonetia invasion as mean Shannon and Simpson index values of 2.39 ± 0.71 and 0.89 ± 0.08 and 1.39 ± 0.24 and 0.64 ± 0.08 were recorded on the uninvaded and invaded sites, respectively. Furthermore, the Broussonetia invasion compromised the productivity of the forest ecosystem as 4.9 ± 1.61 mean economic tree species per 400 m2 plot were recorded on the invaded site compared to 13.8 ± 1.28 per 400 m2 plot on the uninvaded site. The study, therefore, concludes that Broussonetia invasion poses a serious threat to the integrity and productivity of the Pra-Anum forest reserve. Consequently, the study recommends the control of the spread of the species to protect the integrity of the Pra-Anum forest reserve. Also, restoration efforts in invaded areas of the reserve could consider the use of native species belonging to the Ulmaceae and Lecythidaceae families as they appear to be resilient to Broussonetia invasion.

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