Dairy farming in the national food security infrastructure

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Р.Р. Хабипов ◽  
Т.Ю. Серебрякова ◽  
С.А. Хмелев
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Security Infrastructure ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Legal Forms

В торговле молоком преобладает импорт над экспортом, что влияет на продовольственную безопасность страны. Обоснована возможность увеличения производства молока в России на основе структурных сдвигов среди видов организационно-правовых форм хозяйств, работающих в молочном животноводстве. Предложены меры по улучшению деловой активности в племенной работе и увеличению производства молока на основе внедрения инновационных проектов. Предлагается расширить предпринимательскую деятельность животноводов в молочном скотоводстве, повысить качество работы по увеличению доли племенного молочного скота. The milk trade is dominated by imports over exports, which affects the country's food security. The possibility of increasing milk production in Russia is justified on the basis of structural changes among the types of organizational and legal forms of farms operating in dairy farming. Measures to improve business activity in breeding work and increase milk production based on the introduction of innovative projects are proposed. It is proposed to expand the entrepreneurial activity of livestock breeders in dairy cattle breeding, to improve the quality of work to increase the share of breeding dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Economic aspects of efficient milk production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
I. Svynous ◽  
D. Mykytyuk ◽  
A. Semysal
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of dairy production in agricultural enterprises and households. The main stages and their features in dairy farming development of the country and their impact on the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises and households were highlighted. The reasons which cause decrease of cow livestock in both agricultural enterprises and households were identified. The inhibitory factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding were identified and the directions of its revival were outlined. It was substantiated that considering the current state and trends of dairy farming in Ukraine, its efficiency, government support measures should be aimed at increasing production mainly in farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy, which in the nearest future will become major producers of raw milk. It was determined that without the introduction of an effective system of government support for milk producers, which firstly will include the restoration of the special VAT regime, financing of dairy breeding revival at the state and regional level, it is impossible to have positive changes in increasing cows amount and increasing production efficiency, in addition the population of cows will continue to fall in the households. It is proved that today the system of breeding service, which was previously in Ukraine and allowed to conduct breeding at the appropriate level, is destroyed and does not work. It was concluded that further productivity growth and reproduction of animal’s livestock is extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern selection system in animal husbandry. It was established that the current level of profitability allows to ensure only simple reproduction in independent agricultural enterprises, mostly small and medium.It is true that in this situation, most farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy are trying to become part of vertically integrated structures of preserving and expanding their production activities on a qualitatively new material and technical base in the future.It was proved that the innovative type of dairy cattle breeding development will ensure the profitability of production and, accordingly, the growth of the income level of rural residents who are the employees of an agricultural enterprise. Measures of state and regional support of milk production in Ukraine were offered. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, agricultural enterprises, households, government support, milk processing plant.

scholarly journals Substantiation of innovation-oriented development strategy of agricultural enterprises for milk production

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
I. Paska ◽  
Yu. Grinchuk ◽  
V. Radko ◽  
K. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The article is devoted to the strategies of innovation-oriented development of agricultural enterprises for milk production taking into account the variability of the external and internal environment of their operation. It is proved that the definition of prospects for the development of dairy farming should be based on a strategic approach that allows the most adequate way to respond to the challenges of a dynamic changing environment. It is established that the development of dairy farming can be attributed to the fourth technological way, which provides full mechanization of production processes, but due to its specificity it develops on the basis of a combination of different technological ways: intensive-technocratic, natural-innovative and natural. The results of the analysis of the development of dairy farming are contradictory, because, on the one hand - the natural indicators of production efficiency are increasing, and on the other - the prerequisites for the creation of internal reserves of expanded reproduction are absent. It is calculated that despite the existing positive trends (growth of cow productivity, milk sales prices), the dynamics of the increase in production costs, which occur against the background of declining cattle, including cows, offsets positive changes in economic performance of the industry and agricultural producers. It is argued that the effective development of agricultural enterprises for milk production in the near strategic perspective is possible only if the negative trends are overcome. The constituent elements of the strategy of innovation-oriented development of dairy farming have been developed, which provides for technical and technological renewal of the production potential of agricultural enterprises and the introduction of IT technologies in the management system. Strategic models of dairy cattle breeding development are substantiated: preservation of existing development tendencies, which will be dominated by milk and beef production in private farms with preservation of extensive type of management; priority of milk farms development; priority is the development of large innovation-oriented agricultural enterprises with simultaneous state stimulation of the cooperative form of milk production by farmers and private farms. The components of the innovation-oriented strategy of dairy farming development are systematized, which envisages strengthening the fodder base, increasing the level of animal feeding, introducing complex mechanization and automation of production processes and transferring the industry to the latest technologies, using high-yielding, specialized livestock breeds. wages. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, development strategy, strategic planning, IT technologies, innovations.

scholarly journals The question of structural changes in the territorial location of milk production in the Leningrad Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Regional Localization ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Territorial Structure

Abstract. Modern features of the territorial structure of milk production in a separate region are considered. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of dairy cattle breeding in the Leningrad region in the territorial aspect for 2008–2018. The main method of research was economic and statistical analysis of data and their comparative evaluation. Results. The specificity of quantitative and qualitative changes in milk production by category of farms has been revealed. In the context of municipal districts of the Leningrad region, they were grouped depending on the growth rate (decrease) in the volume of milk produced in farms of all categories in 2018 compared to 2008. Adverse trends in the development of dairy cattle breeding in agricultural organizations of the region were noted, as their share in milk production decreased in 13 municipal districts of the Leningrad region. Changes in the volume of state support for the dairy cattle industry in the region in the territorial aspect for the specified period were determined. It is revealed that, despite the subsidies in milk production, increased its intra-regional localization. As a result, in 2018, more than 50 % of the volume of regional milk production was provided by only 4 districts of the Leningrad region. In the remaining 13 districts, there are no prerequisites for employment and rural development, and the reduction in milk production in rural areas has reached 48.3 %. The necessary measures are proposed to smooth out the territorial unevenness in milk production as a condition for overcoming the depressiveness of rural development. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the nature of the emerging territorial features of the placement of milk production in the Leningrad region and its intraregional differentiation.

State and prospects of the development of dairy cattle industry in the Stavropol territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
N. V. Sulyga ◽  
G. P. Kovaleva ◽  
M. N. Lapina ◽  
V. A. Vitol
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Organizations

This article presents the analysis of the state of dairy cattle industry and its short-term development prospects in connection with the crisis of 2020.  For the purposes of objective assessment, we considered the period of 2015-2019 and presented the dynamics of the main statistical indicators with significant state support (grants, subsidies, etc.) for agricultural producers. In 2019 the total amount of disbursed funds was more than 1.4 billion rubles, most of which were directed to the development of dairy cattle breeding. According to the results of 2019, 73.9% in milk-production structure accrue to personal subsidiary farms, 19.6% - to agricultural organizations and 6.5% - to private farms. The significant share of produced milk in the Stavropol territory accrues to personal subsidiary farms; at the same time, the increase in milk production was 26.5% (643.8 thousand tons). Alongside the reduction of livestock in the general population of milk cattle in the Stavropol territory it is obvious that the genetic potential of cows increases due to the decrease of low-productivity animals and wide-scale import of high-producing breeding heifers, both from abroad and domestic market. The topical problems of the industry are low reproductive qualities of cows (the output of calves in agricultural organizations is only 75%), the violations of feeding technologies and animals housing due to insufficient availability of specialists. In general, industry development rate is quite high and has significant potential for production increase in short-term prospect, provided that the existing state-support programs continue. The most relevant trends are the increase of genetic potential of productivity in Stavropol livestock population, the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies for livestock keeping and feeding, as well as the development of farming and the niche of organic products.

scholarly journals Milk Production And Value Chain In Rural Area Of Nepal: A Case From Gandaki River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Pandey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
The Government

Livestock husbandry is directly linked to food security and is considered one of the most crucial components of the agriculture system. As an agrarian economy, livestock farming is the backbone of Nepal’s food security and agriculture system. The government of Nepal is concentrating its efforts to increase milk production and marketing through livestock farmers to uplift their livelihoods

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MILK PRODUCTION SECTOR AND FOOD SECURITY – THE CASE OF POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Maria Zuba-Ciszewska
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Market Output ◽  
Milk Market

The aim of the work was to find an answer to the question of how the changes in the milk production sector in Poland, following the marketization of the economy, influenced the country’s food security in the context of food self-sufficiency. The paper uses cow milk balances developed by the Central Statistical Office and data concerning the distribution of domestic milk production from the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute. The study used a comparative analysis over time, indicators as well as descriptive and graphic methods. The indicators used concerned milk market output, food self-sufficiency and the milk balance structure. During the first few years of transformation, there was a sharp drop in domestic milk production. Since 2004, there has been, with minor exceptions, a systematic increase in production with a previous general fall in production volume. These processes were accompanied by changes resulting from the transformation of the economy in the milk production sector. These were associated with a drastic reduction, since 1990, of the number of farms involved in milk production and the decline in the number of dairy cows, albeit with a simultaneous increase in milk yield. The milk market output index increased. In 2015, resource in the milk balance returned to the level of 1991, i.e. over 14.5 bln liters. In 2017, this figure amounted to 15 bln liters. Domestic milk production is the main source of resource, though the volume of imports is significantly increasing. Despite dynamic growth of exports, milk is mainly used for domestic consumption. From 1990 onwards, Poland has significantly improved its self-sufficiency in milk production. Changes in milk production have significantly influenced food security in the country.

scholarly journals Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling milk production in dairy cattle by exploiting progeny testing.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Georges ◽  
D Nielsen ◽  
M Mackinnon ◽  
A Mishra ◽  
R Okimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Autosomal Microsatellites

Abstract We have exploited "progeny testing" to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the genetic variation of milk production in a selected dairy cattle population. A total of 1,518 sires, with progeny tests based on the milking performances of > 150,000 daughters jointly, was genotyped for 159 autosomal microsatellites bracketing 1645 centimorgan or approximately two thirds of the bovine genome. Using a maximum likelihood multilocus linkage analysis accounting for variance heterogeneity of the phenotypes, we identified five chromosomes giving very strong evidence (LOD score > or = 3) for the presence of a QTL controlling milk production: chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10 and 20. These findings demonstrate that loci with considerable effects on milk production are still segregating in highly selected populations and pave the way toward marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ ◽  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВ ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Рассмотрена динамика производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Ярославской области с 2015 по 2019 год. Проведено разделение на группы предприятий по надою молока от 1 коровы. Рассмотрены проблемы малых и средних ферм. Выявлен устойчивый рост валового надоя молока. В 2019 году он составил 292 тыс. т (+16,8% к уровню 2015 г.), что обусловлено увеличением среднегодового надоя на 1 корову до 6967 кг. Наибольший рост продуктивности отмечен в группе хозяйств с надоем от 6001 до 8000 кг (29,4%), что определено комплексным подходом к совершенствованию ведения молочного скотоводства и укреплением кормовой базы. Выявлена положительная тенденция увеличения доли вегетативных траншейных кормов I и II класса, которая в 2019 году составила 66% и возросла на 20 п.п. по сравнению с 2015 годом. Анализ породного состава молочного скота в регионе показал увеличение доли высокопродуктивных пород в племенных хозяйствах с 16,5% в 2015 году до 26,0% в 2019 году. Интенсивное использование животных приводит к ранней выбраковке коров в возрасте 3,07 отела и снижению среднего возраста стад до 2,43 отела. Дальнейший рост производства молока в регионе возможен при решении комплекса задач по оптимизации породного состава молочного скота, совершенствованию производственных систем в малых и средних сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, повышению уровня кормления и улучшению условий содержания скота. The dynamics of milk production in agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region in the period from 2015 to 2019 is considered, the grouping of enterprises by milk yield is carried out, the problems of small and medium-sized farms are emphasized, a steady increase of milk production was revealed, which in 2019 amounted to 292 thousand tons (+16.8% compared to 2015), which is due to an increase in the average annual milk yield per cow to 6967 kg. The greatest increase in productivity was observed in the group of farms with milk yield from 6001 to 8000 kg (+29.37%). This is determined by a comprehensive approach to improving the management of dairy cattle and strengthening the feed base. During the study period, a positive trend was revealed to increase the share of vegetative feeds of class I and II quality, which in 2019 amounted to 66% and increased by 20 p.p. compared to 2015. Analysis of the breed composition of dairy cattle in the region showed an increase in the share of highly productive breeds in breeding farms from 16.5% in 2015 to 26.0% in 2019. At the same time, intensive use of animals leads to an earlier cull of cows at the age of 3.07 calving and a decrease in the average age of herds by 6.5%, which is 2.43 calving. Further growth of milk production in the region is possible when solving a set of tasks to optimize the breed composition of dairy cattle, improve production systems, in small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, increase the level of feeding and improve the conditions of keeping livestock.

EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING AT FAIR VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Nina Yu. Triyatsina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Income Approach ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The article proposes a methodology for determining the fair value of productive biological as-sets in dairy farming in the framework of the income approach using discounted cash flows.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

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