A Low-frequency Downstream Development Process Leading to the Outbreak of a Mega-cold Wave Event in East Asia

Abstract. This study presents the detailed survey of the northern marginal part of Russell Glacier, SW Greenland using the combination of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. Obtained digital elevation model (DEM) and ice thickness data from GPR data allowed the generation of high precision subglacial topography model. We report uncertainties arising from GPR, GPS, and DEM suggesting sufficient accuracy for the reconstruction of glacier bed topography. GPR data and generated subglacial topography model does not reveal any possible Nye channel that could be incised into the bedrock, however, we were able to detect englacial tunnel that runs approximately parallel to the ice margin and possibly is a remnant of a tunnel that provided passage for ice-dammed lake waters during the latest jökulhlaups (2007, 2008). We also observe a radar-transparent layer up to 20 m from the glacier surface suggesting the boundary of cold/temperate ice or piezometric surface. The latter one is preferred due to the warm climatic conditions which are supposed to warm up possible winter cold wave.

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Development of Ultra-Broadband Base Station Antenna for All Mainstream LTE 700/800/900 MHz Frequency Bands

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2014/201914 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Doudou Samb ◽

Zhonglin Wu ◽

Mulin Liu ◽

Hu Bin Jie

Keyword(s):

Development Process ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Beam Width ◽

Base Station ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Communication Industry ◽

Frequency Bands ◽

Radio Access ◽

Half Power ◽

Mobile Communication Industry

LTE deployment is being accelerated due to its improved radio access structure meeting the requirements of current and next generation of wireless networks. Its low band application presents useful aspects such as low density of base station while providing good in-building penetration. In this work, we design and develop a dual-polarized base station antenna supporting 698 MHz to 960 MHz with an azimuth-plan half-power beam width of 90° covering all mainstream LTE 700/800/900 MHz frequency bands representing the widest low frequency range being actively used in the current mobile communication industry. In the design process, rigorous algorithm based on swarm method is developed to tune the electrical performances under strict base station antenna requirements. Experimental results from pattern tests demonstrate the design analysis and the significant advantages of using swarm method in the antenna development process.

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Promoting Inclusive Development in East Asia

East Asian Policy ◽

10.1142/s1793930512000311 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

John WONG ◽

Liang Fook LYE

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Development Strategy ◽

Development Process ◽

Inclusive Development ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Income Equality ◽

New Development ◽

Beyond Gdp

Policy makers today are increasingly preoccupied with the new development strategy of “inclusive growth”, which targets the development process, beyond GDP increases, to meet broader social objectives ranging from the satisfaction of people's basic needs and greater income equality to better environmental protection.

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Equivalent Hazard Magnitude Scale

10.5194/nhess-2021-87 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Victor Wang ◽

Antonia Sebastian

Keyword(s):

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Magnitude Scale ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Cold Wave ◽

Southern States ◽

Magnitude Scales ◽

Wave Event ◽

Future Work ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Hazard magnitude scales are widely adopted to facilitate communication regarding hazard events and the corresponding decision making for emergency management. A hazard magnitude scale measures the strength of a hazard event considering the natural forcing phenomena and the severity of the event with respect to average entities at risk. However, existing hazard magnitude scales cannot be easily adapted for comparative analysis across different hazard types. Here, we propose an equivalent hazard magnitude scale, called the Gardoni Scale after Professor Paolo Gardoni, to measure hazard strength across multiple types of hazards. Using global historical records of hazard magnitude indicators and impacts of events of 12 hazard types from 1900 to 2020, we demonstrate that an equivalent hazard magnitude on the Gardoni Scale can be derived as correlated with the expectation of an impact metric of hazard event. In this study, we model the impact metric as a function of fatalities, total affected population, and total economic damage. Our results show that hazard magnitudes of events can be evaluated and compared across hazard types. For example, we find that tsunami and drought events tend to have large hazard magnitudes, while tornadoes are relatively small in terms of hazard magnitude. In addition, we demonstrate that the scale can be used to evaluate hazard equivalency of historical events. For example, we show that the hazard magnitude of the February 2021 North American cold wave event affecting the southern states of the United States of America was equivalent to the hazard magnitude of Hurricane Harvey in 2017 or a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. Future work will expand the current study in hazard equivalency to modelling of local intensities of hazard events and hazard conditions within a multi-hazard context.

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EARLY TRANSFORMATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION IN MODERN EAST ASIA. RESEARCH ON 1866 LAND REGULATIONS OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION OF TIENTSIN

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-729-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽

pp. 729-738

Author(s):

S. Sun ◽

N. Aoki

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Management System ◽

Development Process ◽

Historical Background ◽

Land Allocation ◽

Urban Management ◽

History Of ◽

Systematic Development ◽

Land Regulation ◽

The 19Th Century

Abstract. The systematic development of British Concession in the 19th century had a profound impact on the development of cities in the history of modernization in East Asia. To find out the relevance of the urban management system of the British concession and the process of urban modernization between different cities in East Asia, this paper combs the development process of land allocation and urban management in the early British concession by using the land regulation. It focuses on the specific case of the 1866 land regulation promulgated by the British concession in Tianjin from the perspective of colonialism and the construction and management system of the East Asian British concession. It analyses the historical background and influence, then further explores the reasons for its promulgation. This finding can fill part of the vacancy in the history of urban development and play an important role in the development of contemporary urban construction in East Asia as reflection and reference.

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The Relationship between the Wintertime Cold Extremes over East Asia with Large-Scale Atmospheric and Oceanic Teleconnections

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10120813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 813 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ye Yang ◽

Naru Xie ◽

Meng Gao

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Large Scale ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Boreal Winter ◽

Key Factors ◽

Teleconnection Patterns ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cold Extremes

The influence of large-scale teleconnection patterns, Western Pacific (WP), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), on the minimum surface air temperature (Tmin) anomalies and extremes over East Asia during the boreal winter from 1979 to 2017 were investigated by the composite analysis in terms of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The relationship between the Tmin and the geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500) as well as sea surface temperature (SST) were first examined. Then we explored and estimated the contribution of the teleconnection patterns to the occurrence of extremely cold days and months quantitatively, and discussed other key factors in relation to the cold extremes. The WP and AO patterns play an important part in the prevalence of significant Tmin variability, whereas the effect of ENSO is relatively weak. Most of the cold extremes tend to appear in the negative phase of teleconnections, while there some extremes that occur in the opposite phase. In addition, the extreme months are more related to the preferred phase of the dominant pattern when compared to days. We conclude that the daily extremes are primarily triggered by the local-synoptic atmospheric circulations embedded in the large-scale teleconnection patterns, while the monthly extremes have a closer relationship with these low-frequency patterns.

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Extreme Cold Wave over East Asia in January 2016: A Possible Response to the Larger Internal Atmospheric Variability Induced by Arctic Warming

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-18-0234.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1203-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shuangmei Ma ◽

Congwen Zhu

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

East Asia ◽

Atmospheric Circulation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cold Wave ◽

Atmospheric Variability ◽

Cold Waves ◽

Anthropogenic Global Warming ◽

Circulation Regime ◽

Extreme Cold

It is argued that anthropogenic global warming may decrease the global occurrence of cold waves. However, a historical record-extreme cold wave, popularly called the “boss level” cold wave, attacked East Asia in January 2016, which gives rise to the discussion of why this boss-level cold wave occurred during the winter with the warmest recorded global mean surface air temperature (SAT). To explore the impacts of human-induced global warming and natural internal atmosphere variability, we investigated the cold-wave-related circulation regime (i.e., the large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern) and compared the observation with the large ensemble simulations of the MIROC5 model. Our results showed that this East Asian extreme cold-wave-related atmospheric circulation regime mainly exhibited an extremely strong anomaly of the Ural blocking high (UBH) and a record-breaking anomaly of the surface Siberian high (SH), and it largely originated from the natural internal atmosphere variability. However, because of the dynamic effect of Arctic amplification, anthropogenic global warming may increase the likelihood of extreme cold waves through shifting the responsible natural atmospheric circulation regime toward a stronger amplitude. The probability of occurrence of extreme anomalies of UBH, SH, and the East Asia area mean SAT have been increased by 58%, 57%, and 32%, respectively, as a consequence of anthropogenic global warming. Therefore, extreme cold waves in East Asia, such as the one in January 2016, may be an enhanced response to the larger internal atmospheric variability modulated by human-induced global warming.

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