scholarly journals Exploratory results of green production, sale, willing to pay and financing: case of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisul M. Islam ◽  
Muhammad Mahboob Ali ◽  
Anita Medhekar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Green Business ◽  
The Government

Green production, sale, willing to pay and financing are related to green business. Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, is the most fertile delta region and identified as one of the front-line countries to suffer from the adverse consequences of climate change. Research question of the study is limited to examining several relationships related to green business production, sale, and willingness to pay. Primary data were utilized to test the hypothesized relationships. Based on the literature review, several conceptual relationships are presented and empirically tested. Findings conclude that production and sale of green products were related to the plan to produce and sell green products in Bangladesh. Consumers who are environmentally sensitive are willing to pay premium prices for green products and purchase these products frequently. Paper recommends that government, civil society organizations and the financial institutions should take a more active role in promoting and encouraging businesses to produce and market green products. Authors suggest that the government should provide incentives to set up community banking in the rural areas including informal sector, micro savings, and investment through green financing, for green production, green transportation and green consumption.

scholarly journals Perceived Environmental Responsibilities and Green Buying Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Attitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Guang-Wen Zheng ◽  
Abu Bakkar Siddik ◽  
Mohammad Masukujjaman ◽  
Syed Shah Alam ◽  
Alvina Akter
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Testing ◽  
Green Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

The unsustainable operations of producers account for significant carbon emission and subsequent adverse impacts on nature. This study aims to identify the factors that influence consumers’ green buying behavior. The research focuses on the exploratory testing of theories using standardized questionnaires and interviews. Using a convenience selection approach, questionnaire surveys were used to gather primary data from a sample size of 305. The sample demographic reflects people who often make purchases; data were also obtained from shopping centers and elsewhere. The hypothesis testing of variables measured via five-point Likert scale questions was performed using structural equation modeling. We applied closed-ended questions relating to green buying behavior for the convenience of respondents. The empirical result established the effects of attitude, perceived severity of environmental problems, environmental concern, and subjective norms on Bangladeshi consumers’ green buying behavior. Additionally, it was discovered that attitude mediates the association between the perceived environmental responsibility and green buying behavior. Therefore, the government should play a constructive role in educating the public and promoting green business initiatives through improved coordination and legislative intervention.

scholarly journals Savings Behavior of Government Salaried People in Unakoti District of Tripura

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Sukharanjan Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
The Government

As per rules, the Savings practice of Government salaried people is mandatory up to a stipulated amount of monthly salary. According to GPF, EPF and NPS Rules, a predetermined amount is deducted by the employer at source for the future wellbeing of the concerned employee and invest to GPF, EPF, NPS, etc. In addition to these mandatory savings, employees can save their money to other savings instruments according to their capability and other conditions. As most of the government employees in Unakoti district of Tripura are working with small designations and salaries, they are not able to save more in addition to mandatory savings. Fixed Pay Employee (FPE), Contract Base Worker (CBW), Per Time Worker (PTW), Monthly Pay Worker (MPW), Daily Rate Worker (DRW) are the working conditions where employees get less amount of salary in comparison to regular employees. Under these conditions, their savings rate is also low in comparison to other employees. Other Sources of income, spouse job, dependency ratio, age, literacy level, educational qualification and availability of savings instruments nearby employees are an important aspect for better understanding of savings improvement in the District. The present study entitled “Savings behavior of Government Salaried People in Unakoti District of Tripura” is an empirical study based on primary data and secondary data. The study reveals that the savings rate of salaried people in Unakoti District of Tripura is growing slowly. Financial literacy, reduction of dependency ratio by employment generation programs, Massive awareness program and availability of savings instruments in the rural areas may make a vigorous savings environment in Unakoti District of Tripura.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER AGROINDUSTRI DI DESA GONDANGAN KECAMATAN JOGONALAN KLATEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ida Susi D ◽  
Didik I ◽  
Asih Marini W
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

SMEs snacks in Gondangan village has the potential to be developed. The village has the potential to be Gondangan Agro-industry region, although it is still much that needs to be repaired and prepared.This study aims to determine the attitude of the public about the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan into Agro-industry clusters and how community participation in the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan to be Agroindustri. Respondents in this study were the leaders and local community leaders, citizens, snack home industry in the region.This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data of this study is primary data and secondary data consists of qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data were obtained with the interview and focus group discussion.The results showed that the attitude of the public, snack ho,e industri actor and local governments support the development of the region as an area of Agro-Industry cluster. In terms of participation, the government showed a high participation and support by facilitating a variety of activities to realize the region of Agro-Industry cluster, while the snacks businessman as the main actor of Agro-industry development of the area did not show a high level of participation.

scholarly journals TOURIST VILLAGE REJUVENATION AND OVER-TOURISM MANAGEMENT: THE DESA WISATA NGLANGGERAN LIFECYCLE EXPERIENCE, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Kadek Wiweka ◽  
Ramang H. Demolingo ◽  
Subur Karyatun ◽  
Putu Pramania Adnyana ◽  
Iffatunnisa Nurfikriyani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose of the Study: Over-tourism is an issue that is being experienced by many well-known destinations in the world, both in urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research is to find out how the experience of developing a Tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach. This study also explores the sensitivity of managers to the phenomenon of over-tourism in their village, to design strategies for product rejuvenation. Methodology: This research adopts a historical qualitative research approach. This method is exercised through two data sources. Primary data was carried out through non-participant observation (for four months) in the Nglanggeran tourist village, Yogyakarta to observe and interview tourist village managers, tourism entrepreneurs, workers, and local communities. Meanwhile, Secondary data used include online media articles, scientific writings, and promotional media. Main Findings: The study found that in the tourism area life cycle model approach, tourist villages' growth can be grouped into 6 phases. The exploration phase and stagnation, marked by the start of the Nglanggeran tourist village and massive growth that had environmental, social, and cultural impacts. The management adopts several strategies, including price management, visitor management, and length of stay management. Implication/Applications: This experience is very important to be learned and known by tourism stakeholders, especially tourist village managers and the government which is developing similar tourism products massively throughout Indonesia. The originality of the study: This research is original, and this is the first study that finds out how the experience of developing a tourist village is seen from the tourism lifecycle approach and explores how managers are sensitive to the phenomenon of overtourism in their village. Thus, this scope is expected to be developed in other tourist villages in Indonesia to get generalizations about the development of tourist villages.

scholarly journals Rationalizing the Choice of Housing on Cultivable Land: Is Cash-Return the Only Determinant?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 554-564
Author(s):  
Zobayer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Horizontal Expansion ◽  
Level Of Significance

Society faces numerous problems due to high population growth where housing along with other settlements is a notable concern. Horizontal expansion of housing on cultivable land in rural area reduces the availability of land for cultivation. The study is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative in nature based on primary data, carried out in a village in Comilla, an eastern district of Bangladesh during April 2012. The study finds that the households receive returns both in cash as well as in kind from new homesteads made on cultivable land. The cash benefit received by households at new place is Tk. 156238.14 on an average per year in 2011 price and on an average the cash investment per year in 2011 price (inflation adjusted) for housing is Tk. 213108.1818 (weighted average). This clearly indicates a cash loss from housing on cultivable land from household’s perspective. However, statistically the cash investment for housing in rural area is not significantly different from the cash return received by the households at 5% level of significance. Thus it becomes an important question whether the household’s choice of making new home on cultivable land is a rational choice or not. Further, the amount of money each household spent for housing could have been used for a higher cash return through some alternative investments. The study reveals, households derive positive utility (non cash returns) from new homes notwithstanding cash loss and other investment options forgone. The study further argues that if the government or any authority is to take some steps regarding the declining trend of cultivable land in rural areas, the perspectives of the households must be considered with great attention.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROFINANCE ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ LIVELIHOOD IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF NYAMAGABE DISTRICT

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eularie MUTAMULIZA ◽  
Edouard MUSABANGANJI
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Matching ◽  
The Government

Microfinance in Rwanda is considered as one of the most crucial mechanisms in the implementation of the Government program to reduce poverty and to increase economic growth. However, despite the effort made by the Government of Rwanda to put in place microfinance institutions in rural areas, little is known about the effects of microfinance on smallholder farmers’ income in Nyamagabe District of Rwanda. This study aimed at examining the contribution of microfinance services to the income of smallholder farmers in Nyamagabe District. Primary data were collected from 240 respondents randomly selected in 3 sectors of Nyamagabe District using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and Propensity Score Matching was used to assess the effect of microfinance on smallholder farmers’ livelihood. The results from descriptive statistics showing that 117 respondents were participants in microfinance services and 123 were nonparticipants and more men were committed to participate and to access microfinance services than women. Results from Propensity Score Matching Model using both Kernel Based Matching and Nearest Neighbor Matching showed that the households participating in microfinance services increased their total annual income by 256,674 Rwandan francs and 228,246 Rwandan francs more than non-participants, respectively. The study recommended that smallholder farmers should be encouraged to participate in microfinance services to increase their income and agricultural productivity. The use of SACCOs and microfinance services needs to be promoted in order to provide an instrument for mobilizing savings and extending credit.

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOs) PARTICIPATION IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON POVERTY REDUCTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA AND GHANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Omoniyi Ajulor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Government

The paper examines the people’s perceptions of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) participation in policy implementation on poverty reduction: A comparative analysis of Nigeria and Ghana. This interrogation is necessary in order to improve the performance of CSOs and participate in the poverty reduction policies in Nigeria by borrowing a leave from Ghana. For proper analysis, key informant interview was carried out and relevant literatures were also reviewed. The paper revealed that efforts have been made by the CSOs to influence government policies on poverty reduction in Nigeria and Ghana for the benefit of the people but Ghana has made more progress. Despite poverty level has decreased in both countries; there is still much suffering in their rural areas. It is worst in Nigeria because of corruption, insurgencies and economic recession. The CSOs in both countries faced repressions and manipulation over the years. From 1990s Ghana CSOs enjoyed symbolic relationship with the state while its Nigeria counterpart struggle for space. The paper recommends that there is need for the governments in both countries to do more by ensuring CSOs participation in policy decisions on poverty reduction. The Nigeria government should borrow a leave from Ghana on building more relationship and partnership with CSOs on policies on poverty reduction. There should be collaborations and consultations between the government and the “major groups” at local levels on policy issues. The CSOs and the target beneficiary should be allowed to take joint ownership of policy decisions, processes and implementation to ensure accountability and transparency in order to reduce poverty in Nigeria and Ghana especially in their rural areas.

Citizens’ perceived value of locally-provided services

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Immonen ◽  
Sanna Sintonen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Government

Purpose – Ageing and population movement from rural regions to regional centres have raised new questions regarding the value of locally available services. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of individuals’ functioning status, housing arrangements and social context on services value. The authors approach the topic with the following research question: how do the personal capabilities and social spheres of rural residents influence demand for local services? Design/methodology/approach – Results are based on a postal survey conducted in southeast Finland. Data were collected using a random sample of 3,000 people from age 60 to 90 years in rural areas surrounding a regional centre. A total of 1,121 valid responses were received. Findings – The influence of individuals’ mobility on value depended on the travel distance between services and living arrangements. The authors find that subjective norms and social interactions influenced attitudes; meanwhile, the government indirectly influenced the perceived value of services. Research limitations/implications – The self-efficacy of future rural populations in adopting new services would also be a worthwhile topic. Further research should compare different living arrangements and cultures. Originality/value – The findings of this study highlight the importance of community-wide interventions. Governmental influence did not have a direct influence on perceived value of service but has significance for the subjective norm. The moderation effect, however, revealed that governmental influence is significant where community population density is high.

EFFECT OF AGENCY BANKING ON PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Eunice Wangari Ndirangu ◽  
David Kiragu ◽  
Antony Ngunyi ◽  
Mohamed Shano
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Customer Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of agency banking on performance of microfinance banks in Kenya Materials and Methods: The study adopted positivism philosophy approach and descriptive research design was used. The study also used census survey. The target population was the thirteen Microfinance Banks regulated by the Central Bank of Kenya. The questionnaires were self-administered and primary data was collected from the thirteen regulated microfinance banks. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for preliminary analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to reduce the number of factors and Kaiser Mayer Olkin and Barlett’s test of Sphericity were tested and total variance explained, scree plot and rotated component matrix were drawn. Findings: The descriptive statistics findings disclosed that agency banking has a positive effect on performance of MFBs. This was shown by 71.7% of the respondents were in agreement that agency banking influence the performance of MFBs. The findings showed that the relationship between agency and performance was p value was 0.018 and F test of 5.908 showing that the model was statistically significant for the data set. The coefficient table showed that the equation was Y = 2.680 + 0.355AGB. The findings denoted that agency banking has a moderate relationship with performance of MFBs. The MFBs are using agency banking to grow their businesses thus generating profits and capital gain. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that MFBs should open more agents especially in the rural areas to facilitate population access near services. In addition, the management team and the policy makers should ensure that policies are elaborated to protect the customers from fraud and also exploitation by the business owners due to higher transaction cost and the business operating the agents should be trained on fraud policies because it is affecting many customers. The government and the MFBs should ensure all those operating the agents are well trained on record keeping, managing of funds, and customer care.

scholarly journals Challenges and potential to adopt biogas technology: A case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz U. Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad F. Mustafa ◽  
Zohaib U. Afridi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time And Energy

In the past few years, pertaining to energy shortage, Government of Pakistan promoted the biogas plants in specific rural areas. This study is an attempt to explore the success and failure adopted biogas plants by the farmers in rural areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. In this study, the researcher selected tehsil Faisalabad of district Faisalabad based on the availability of biogas plants installed by the Government, NGO/INGOs and private contractors in the past few years. Snowball sampling method was used to identify the sample size. Total 51 biogas adopters participated in the study as respondents. Primary data were collected through face to face interviews on a structured questionnaire. Results shows that 33.3% of respondents were fully satisfied with their biogas plants. Close to one fourth (23.5%) of respondents were partially satisfied while 43.1% of respondents were not satisfied with their biogas plants. More than half (56.9%) of biogas plants were in working condition and 43.1% of biogas users abandoned for many reasons. The major reasons for the inspiration behind construction and installation of biogas plants were subsidy, cases of existing biogas plant owners, social advantages/reputation, motivation from construction/installation agency and conservation of time and energy. Whereas, for the reasons such as frequently come across technical problems, unavailability of technicians, difficulty in operation of biogas plant, insufficient gas for food preparation /lighting, escape of gas through joints/connections and extra workload were the reasons compelling farmers to abandoning the biogas plants. It was found that operation and maintenance of biogas plants is one of the major issues due to untrained, partially trained owners, unavailability of technicians and skilled operators.

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