scholarly journals Financial literacy in Ukraine: from micro to macro level

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Dudchyk ◽  
Iryna Matvijchuk ◽  
Mariia Kovinia ◽  
Tetiana Salnykova ◽  
Iryna Tubolets
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Financial Market Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Low financial literacy of population hinders the financial market development, limits the possibilities of using the savings for investing and creating the additional capital in the country. At the state level it results in inflation, the budget deficit creation, a decrease in country’s gold and foreign exchange reserves, an increase in internal and external government debt. The article analyzes the approaches to understanding the concept of financial literacy, tools for its measuring and comparing at micro and macro levels, dynamics of savings and gold and foreign currency reserves, peculiarities of financial literacy through the analysis of dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures of the government budget and the population of Ukraine. Factors influencing the financial literacy of the population have been systematized. The findings give an idea of creating the optimal managerial influence based on the estimation of financial literacy of the Ukrainian population with the help of specific statistical indicators to expand the possibilities of such influence and to regulate the economic processes to achieve the financial stability of the state and the population. The study showed low financial literacy at both population and state levels. However, at the micro level, creating the credit relations, as well as income, expenses, and savings is more effective than at the macro level.

scholarly journals Markets: State Franchise Laws, Dealer Terminations, and the Auto Crisis

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Lafontaine ◽  
Fiona Scott Morton
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Government

In fall 2008, General Motors and Chrysler were both on the brink of bankruptcy, and Ford was not far behind. As the government stepped in and restructuring began, GM and Chrysler announced their plan to terminate about 2,200 dealerships. In this paper, we first provide an overview of franchising in car distribution, how it came about, and the legal framework within which it functions. States earn about 20 percent of all state sales taxes from auto dealers. As a result, new car dealerships, and especially local or state car dealership associations, have been able to exert influence over local legislatures. This has led to a set of state laws that almost guarantee dealership profitability and survival—albeit at the expense of manufacturer profits. Available evidence and theory suggests that as a result of these laws, distribution costs and retail prices are higher than they otherwise would be; and this is particularly true for Detroit's Big Three car manufacturers—which is likely a factor contributing to their losses in market share vis-à-vis other manufacturers. After discussing the evidence on the effects of the car franchise laws on dealer profit and car prices, we turn to the interaction of the franchise laws and manufacturers' response to the auto crisis. Last, we consider what car distribution might be like if there were no constraints on organization. We conclude that although the state-level franchise laws came about for a reason, the current crisis perhaps provides an opportunity to reconsider the kind of regulatory framework that would best serve consumers, rather than carmakers or car dealers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nipah epidemic containment and multisectoral involvement in Kerala using an appropriate management framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2813
Author(s):  
Asma A. Rahim ◽  
Sujina C. Muthukutty ◽  
Sabitha R. Jacob ◽  
Rini Ravindran ◽  
Jayakrishnan Thayyil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Government

Kozhikode district of North Kerala, India witnessed an outbreak of Nipah virus (NiV) in the month of May 2018. Two adjacent districts were affected leaving 17 patients dead out of the 19 confirmed. United Nations and WHO lauded the expeditious response of the state’s health system in the diagnosis and containment of the outbreak which was unprecedented. The authors being in the contact tracing and surveillance operation district team, had kept a record of timeline of events and actions at the state level, compiled the news clippings and tracked events. In the absence of an end‑of‑epidemic report for reference, these records served as a valuable tool for the present review. We used the Management science for health frame work tool (MSH framework) to evaluate the district and state coordinated actions which helped in curbing the outbreak. Though NiV outbreak in South India (2018) had similar epidemiological features to previous disease outbreaks, it stands out as the one to be detected and contained in a short span of time. As health personnel working in the government medical college of an affected district and directly involved in contact tracing operations and containment measures, exploring and sharing, what worked and how, in the context of multidisciplinary response and recovery attempts of the outbreak in the state may be beneficial to public health personnel and policy makers. This management framework may be replicated in the national and international context, particularly in South East Asian region under threat of emerging viral infections like COVID-19, lacking specific epidemic management frameworks for outbreak response and containment.

STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE STATE DEBT OF UKRAINE, METHODS OF ITS OPTIMIZATION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Paranchuk ◽  
◽  
Roksolana Skip ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Borrowing

One of the leading problems of Ukraine's economy at the present stage of its development is the issue of public debt, the constant increase in its size, irrational structure, which creates the preconditions for the dollarization of the national economy. Public debt is an important element of a market economy. As of today, there is no state that would not use borrowed funds. Borrowing by the state is due to the lack of own financial resources needed to finance the state budget and state functions. If used effectively, borrowed funds can be a positive factor in economic growth, but otherwise the increase in debt leads to economic dependence, deteriorating financial stability, as well as the financial crisis. The article reveals the issue of public debt of Ukraine, analyzes the dynamics of its value from 2009 to 2021 and identifies the reasons for the growth and / or reduction of this indicator. A study of the structure of debt obligations on the basis of the creditor, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external borrowing. The article also provides a detailed description of the structure of internal and external creditors, the main tools used by the Government of Ukraine to attract domestic loans. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of domestic debt in terms of the structure of domestic government bonds. The ratio of public debt to gross domestic product and its comparison with the marginal and safe level are considered. A forecast was made for the amount of public debt for the future.

Urban poverty in India: Issues and perspectives in development

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Government

The present paper examines the trends in rural and urban poverty, analyses the interstate variations and explains these in terms of socio-economic factors. It shows that rural poverty declines smoothly with economic development, which unfortunately is not the case with urban poverty. The availability of water supply, toilets and electricity, that are not explicitly incorporated in the official definition of poverty, has also been analysed at the state level as also across size class of urban settlements. It is argued that the small and medium towns have a weak and unstable economic base. As a consequence, most of these are not in a position to generate funds to provide civic services to all sections of population. These towns, particularly those located in less developed states, should, therefore, be the major concern of government policy. Further, overviewing the changing system of governance, it argues that the seventy-fourth Constitutional Amendment, has not succeeded in genuine empowerment of civic bodies. The power now seems to have shifted from the state governments to the financial institutions, international donors and credit rating agencies. Finally, the capacity of the government to generate employment directly through anti-poverty programmes would remain limited. The paper, therefore, recommends that the anti-poverty programmes should primarily be focussed on provision of basic amenities.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of the State of Agricultural Enterprises Financial Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Olha Kovalenko ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Yashchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

In the conditions of rapid changes in the modern market environment, it is extremely important for agricultural enterprises to respond in a timely manner to threats to their financial security. Therefore, economic diagnostics is of significant methodological importance, and makes it possible to learn about economic problems and interpret the results of enterprises activity that have certain deviations from the norm or the state required for the enterprise. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of diagnosing the state of financial security of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the state of financial security of agricultural enterprises on the basis of the proposed methodological approach and to substantiate proposals for its improvement. The methodological basis of the diagnostics used in the study was: methods of theoretical generalizations, financial analysis, scoring method, analysis of dynamics and structure, linear programming. The article reveals the tasks and areas of management of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises with an emphasis on the protection of their specific financial interests – ensuring liquidity, solvency, financial stability, autonomy and others. For research purposes all Ukrainian agricultural enterprises were classified on the size of the net income. The system of indicators for diagnostics of financial security of the agricultural enterprises was offered. The basic structural elements of the mechanism of financial security management were substantiated. According to the diagnosis results, it was found that the state of financial security of large enterprises in 2018-2019 has deteriorated and it has had a negative impact on their solvency. Instead, the financial security of small and medium-sized enterprises has improved. Based on the experience of developed countries, proposals for public policy instruments to promote financial security of agricultural enterprises were proposed.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Gostishcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
The Government

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of management of foreign economic activity of chemical industry enterprises of Ukraine through the prism of crisis management. Attention is focused on the fact that at the moment chemical production in Ukraine is in the shadow of import substitution, and exports in general are losing production and economic potential, perseverance. The chemical industry is closely linked to the agro-industrial complex, and this issue is especially relevant in light of the possible food crisis, the arrival of which is predicted at the UN after the pandemic. That is why the answers at the state level should be found in the appropriate chronology, which will help to find a moment of distortion of the balance between justified imports and lost export potential. The aim of the anti-crisis strategy is to create a huge potential for environmentally friendly products through the introduction of appropriate innovations (based on domestic resources, such as bioethanol from biomass and stubble, biomethanol from solid waste, algae-based projects (from the Black and Azov Seas). The benefits of the strategy will be as follows: 1) dual benefits by reducing dependence on imports and increasing capacity for chemical production projects; 2) stimulating the overall growth of the chemical industry through public-private partnerships; 3) elimination of the current stagnant conditions of the industry caused by the consequences of the pandemic. Proposals to pursue a policy of reasonable protectionism in relation to import substitution for all participants in the domestic market are formulated. At the state level, in order to support the whole sector, it is advisable to adopt a model that emphasizes the use of appropriate fuels / raw materials based on domestic resources to reduce dependence on imports; replace mass imports with exclusive imports of only environmentally friendly and updated foreign innovative chemical technologies; attracting investment from TNC through appropriate government policies. The task of the Government in this situation is to carefully study the situation in each case and make a balanced decision.

scholarly journals Financial stabilization in economic transformations

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Iryna Adamenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
State Level ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Economic Transformations

Relevance of research topic. In the context of economic transformation, financial stability is a strategic objective of fiscal policy, which contributes to accelerating economic growth and revitalizing business activity in the country. Accordingly, ensuring effective influence on the social and economic processes of the public administration system involves reforming its components taking into account the globalization processes. Formulation of the problem. With the acceleration of the pace of financial and economic globalization, the issues of creating conditions for financial stabilization are being updated. An important direction in solving these issues at the state level should be to increase the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Analysis of recent research and publications. Issues of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy aimed at ensuring financial stability, acceleration of economic growth are presented in the papers of well-known domestic and foreign scientists: T. Bogolib, J. Buchanan, I. Zapatrina, G. Kucher, L. Lisyak, I. Lukyanenko, V. Makogon, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, M. Pasichnyi, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mentioned questions are actualized in connection with the institutional transformations of the socio-economic model of the society’ development, which determine the need for increased effectiveness of fiscal policy. Much attention of financial institutions should be focused on ensuring financial stability and strengthening the stability of the financial system, strengthening its investment potential. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objectives of the study are to reveal the essence of the concept «financial stabilization», the definition of the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in relation to its provision. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic objectives of the fiscal policy on financial stabilization in the context of economic transformation. Method or methodology for carrying out the research. The article uses a set of methods of scientific research: system approach, structuring, analysis and synthesis, and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the concept «financial stabilization» is revealed, peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the fiscal policy concerning its provision are determined. The strategic tasks of fiscal policy concerning financial stabilization in the conditions of economic transformations are substantiated. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be used in the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in Ukraine. Conclusions according to the article. Ensuring financial stabilization is an integral part of the country's socio-economic development strategy. The tools of fiscal policy form a complex of financial and budgetary tactics. With their help, the implementation of the directions and tasks of the fiscal strategy is determined and the effectiveness of its implementation depends decisively. In the conditions of the formation of Ukraine as an independent state, the main reference point of fiscal policy was to ensure the solvency of the state as an instrument for creating conditions conducive to the revitalization of economic activity. At the current stage, the strategic goal should be to actively stimulate economic growth as the main instrument for ensuring financial stabilization through the rational management of public financial resources.

HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS OF INFORMATION SECURITY. APPROACHES. DISCOURSE (PREQUEL)

2020 ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Петр Юрьевич Филяк ◽  
Виктория Вячеславовна Пименова ◽  
Александр Григорьевич Остапенко ◽  
Сергей Александрович Ермаков
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
External Information ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

Настоящая статья посвящена информационной безопасности. Точнее, одной из составляющей понятия информационная безопасность, а если говорить более стандартизованно, то одному из ее аспектов, то есть выражаясь корректно, профессиональным языком (используя профессиональную стандартизованную терминологию) - «Гуманитарным аспектам информационной безопасности» (ГАИБ). Если говорить о ГАИБ, то рассмотрении этого термина необходимо начинать с макро уровня сферы информационной безопасности, то есть на уровне обеспечения информационной безопасности в масштабах государства. Если рассматривать информационную безопасность как состояние защищенности личности, общества и государства от внутренних и внешних информационных угроз, то в качестве целей и задач ГАИБ должны рассматриваться прежде всего защищенность как отдельной личности ( humanitas - гуманитарный ), так и всего социума, который и являет собой в итоге и общество и государство в целом, причем рассматривать ее с разных точек зрения ( аспектов ). Отсюда и происходит обозначенный выше термин - гуманитарные аспекты информационной безопасности (ГАИБ). Таковы исходные императивы при рассмотрении вопросов и проблем, затрагиваемых в рамках настоящей статьи. This article is devoted to information security., the term should be considered from the macro level of the information security sphere, that is, at the level of information security at the state level. If we consider information security as a state of protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external information threats, then the objectives and objectives of the HAIS should be considered first of all the protection as an individual (humanitas - humanitarian) and the whole society, which is in the end both society and the state as a whole, and consider it from different points of view(aspects). Hence the term mentioned above - the humanitarian aspects of information security (HAIS). These are the initial imperatives in dealing with the issues and issues raised in this article.

Caught in the headlights of history: Eritrea, the EPLF and the post-war nation-state

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Reid
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Large Sections

A little over a decade after the achievement of independence, Eritrea is confronted by a range of social and political problems, problems which are rooted both in the nation's past and in the ruling movement's interpretation of that past. This paper is concerned with the widening gulf between the nation-state, as envisaged by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) during the liberation struggle and as currently ‘imagined’ by the government, and the socio-political reality. Eritrean society is now marked by widening divisions between the ‘struggle generation’ and the membership of the former EPLF on the one hand, and large sections of the remainder of the population, notably youth. The 1998–2000 war with Ethiopia, the root causes of which are as yet unresolved, has proved more destructive than was apparent even at the time, and has been used by the state as a vindication of the EPLF's particular interpretation of the past. Political and social repression, rooted in a militaristic tradition and a profound fear of disunity, has intensified since the war. In this paper the current situation is examined in terms of the deep frustration felt by younger Eritreans, the urban–rural divide, the state-level determination to cling to the values and the aims of the liberation struggle, and the position of Eritrea in international politics.

scholarly journals As Origens do Associativismo e do Sindicalismo de Professores do Estado do Maranhão: uma perspectiva histórico-social da educação maranhense (1964-1985)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Carlos Bauer ◽  
Vanessa Amorim Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

RESUMONesses escritos são retomadas algumas passagens da educação pública no estado do Maranhão, desde os anos em que o Brasil esteve sob a égide do regime militar, instalado pela força em 1964, até a retomada democrática no país, realizada a partir dos meados da década de 1980. Tem-se como objetivo analisar os embates que se produziram entre as forças políticas estabelecidas no aparato estatal e os trabalhadores em educação nesse controverso período histórico. Imbuídos dessa perspectiva, os autores buscam delinear o percurso educacional vivenciado pelo maranhenses, a partir da compreensão crítica do contexto sociopolítico daquele momento, da análise das disposições políticas educacionais no domínio federal e sua incidência na esfera localizam as possíveis modificações ocorridas no ensino com a ascensão de novos sujeitos políticos ao governo, como também os pontos nevrálgicos que estão presentes nas lutas deflagradas pela valorização da docência num tempo social reconhecidamente conturbado. Com o estudo dessas trajetórias e suas repercussões nos movimentos associativistas e sindicais dos trabalhadores em educação, procura-se contribuir para ampliação de pesquisas de cunho históricoeducacional e, sobretudo, da história social daqueles que fazem a educação no Maranhão em sua cotidianidade.Palavras-chave: APEMA. História da educação. Maranhão.ABSTRACTIn these writings are taken some passages of public education in the state of Maranhão, from the years when Brazil was under the aegis of the military regime, installed by force in 1964, to the democratic revival in the country, held from mid- 1980. Which objective is to analyze the conflicts that took place between the political forces established in thestate apparatus and workers in education in this controversial historical period. Imbued with this perspective, the authors seek to outline the educational journey experienced by maranhense people, from the critical understanding of the socio-political context of that time, the analysis of education policy provisions in the federal domain and its impact on the state level; thereby locate the possible changes occurredin education with the rise of new political subjects to the government, as well as the hot spots that are present in the struggles triggered by the appreciation of teaching in an admittedly troubled social time. With the study of these trajectories and their impact on associative movementsand unions of workers in education, it seeks to contribute to expand research of historical and educational character and, above all, the social history of those who make education in Maranhao in its daily life. Keywords: APEMA. History of education. Maranhão.RESUMENEn estos escritos se retoman algunos pasajes de la educación pública en el Estado de Maranhão, desde los años en que Brasil estuvo bajo la égida del régimen militar, instalado por la fuerza en 1964, hasta la recuperación democrática en el país, celebrada desde mediados de la década de 1980. Tiene como objetivo analizar los embates que tuvieron lugar entre las fuerzas políticas establecidas en el aparato del Estado y los trabajadores de la educaciónen en este período histórico controvertido. Imbuidos de esta perspectiva, los autores tratan de delinear el camino educativo experimentado por los ciudadanos de Maranhão, desde la comprensión crítica del contexto sociopolítico de la época, del análisis de las disposiciones políticas educacionales en el dominio federal y su incidencia en el ámbito estatal; con eso localizan los posibles cambios ocurridos en la educación con la ascensión de nuevos sujetos políticos al gobierno, así como los puntos críticos que están presentes en las luchas deflagradas por la valorización de la docencia en un tiempo social reconocidamente contubado. Con el estudio de esas trayectorias y sus impactos en los movimentos asociativos y sindicatos de trabajadores en educación, se busca contribuir para ampliar las investigaciones de carácter histórico y educativo y, sobre todo, de la historia social de aquellos que hacen la educación en Maranhão en su cotidianidad.Palabras clave: APEMA. Historia de la educación. Maranhão. 

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