HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS OF INFORMATION SECURITY. APPROACHES. DISCOURSE (PREQUEL)

2020 ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Петр Юрьевич Филяк ◽  
Виктория Вячеславовна Пименова ◽  
Александр Григорьевич Остапенко ◽  
Сергей Александрович Ермаков
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
External Information ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

Настоящая статья посвящена информационной безопасности. Точнее, одной из составляющей понятия информационная безопасность, а если говорить более стандартизованно, то одному из ее аспектов, то есть выражаясь корректно, профессиональным языком (используя профессиональную стандартизованную терминологию) - «Гуманитарным аспектам информационной безопасности» (ГАИБ). Если говорить о ГАИБ, то рассмотрении этого термина необходимо начинать с макро уровня сферы информационной безопасности, то есть на уровне обеспечения информационной безопасности в масштабах государства. Если рассматривать информационную безопасность как состояние защищенности личности, общества и государства от внутренних и внешних информационных угроз, то в качестве целей и задач ГАИБ должны рассматриваться прежде всего защищенность как отдельной личности ( humanitas - гуманитарный ), так и всего социума, который и являет собой в итоге и общество и государство в целом, причем рассматривать ее с разных точек зрения ( аспектов ). Отсюда и происходит обозначенный выше термин - гуманитарные аспекты информационной безопасности (ГАИБ). Таковы исходные императивы при рассмотрении вопросов и проблем, затрагиваемых в рамках настоящей статьи. This article is devoted to information security., the term should be considered from the macro level of the information security sphere, that is, at the level of information security at the state level. If we consider information security as a state of protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external information threats, then the objectives and objectives of the HAIS should be considered first of all the protection as an individual (humanitas - humanitarian) and the whole society, which is in the end both society and the state as a whole, and consider it from different points of view(aspects). Hence the term mentioned above - the humanitarian aspects of information security (HAIS). These are the initial imperatives in dealing with the issues and issues raised in this article.

scholarly journals German Adaptation of the Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS-G)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Thomas H. Dyllick ◽  
Chris Englert ◽  
Ann Krispenz
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
State Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Correlated Factors

AbstractSubjective vitality is a positive feeling of aliveness and energy, and it is a crucial aspect of well-being. The Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS) have been developed to measure subjective vitality both at the individual difference level and the state level in English-speaking samples. We translated the SVS into German (the SVS-G) and examined their psychometric properties. In Study 1 (N=260), we found that two correlated factors (Factor 1: individual difference level; Factor 2: state level) with five items each constituted a useful structure for the SVS-G. Moreover, the scores on the individual difference scale were more stable than the scores on the state scale. We also found partial evidence for the measurement invariance over a period of three weeks. Conforming to our expectations, Study 2 (N=296) revealed that the SVS-G scores were related to positive and negative affect but could still be distinguished from the affect variables. In line with previous findings, Study 3 (N=203) showed that SVS-G scores are related to well-being variables (happiness and joviality) and the perceived capacity to actively perform effortful tasks (attentiveness and capacity for self-control). Across all the studies, the SVS-G showed satisfying inner consistency, and the two consideration levels (individual differences vs. state) could be differentiated. The initial evidence suggests that overall, the SVS-G have good psychometric properties.

Rosenau's adaptive behaviour approach – a critique

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Political System ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

With the widespread usage of systems analysis in political science over the last twenty years it is axiomatic that the problem of adaptation has been a recurring theme in the literature. At the level of the individual political system this concern has been germane to the work of Easton, the structural functionalists and the developmental/modernization writers. In International Politics writing, the problem of adaptation is central to both the applications of systems theory, at whatever level of analysis (for example Kaplan, Rosecrance at the systemic level, and Hanrieder and Modelski at the state level) and the less overtly theoretical works which still emphasize the importance of a state adapting to its environment.

How Macroeconomics Lost the Complexity Vision

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Colander ◽  
Roland Kupers
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This chapter tells the story of how macroeconomics developed as a separate field in an attempt to add aspects of complexity to the standard model with the aim of improving policy advice, but how those aspects of complexity were quickly lost it again. Instead of dealing with the macro economy as a complex system, macro economists focused on dotting is and crossing ts. The chapter begins by clarifying the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics. Microeconomics builds a theory up from the individual elements—from the micro level to the macro level. It starts from assumptions of rational individuals and then analyzes how they would coordinate their actions, and what role the state should play in that coordination. Macroeconomics developed as a separate branch of economics when J. M. Keynes’s work was integrated into formal models in the 1930s and 1940s.

Foreign Policy and the Social Construction of State Identity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Kowert
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Foreign policy analysis benefits from careful attention to state identity. After all, identity defines the field itself by making it possible to speak both of policies and of a domain that is foreign. For some scholars, identity has proven useful as a guide to agency and, in particular, to agent preferences. For others, identity has served as a guide to social or institutional structure. Theories of state identity can be divided into three categories: conditions internal to agents, social interactions among agents, and “ecological” encounters with a broader environment. Internal conditions refer to either processes or constraints that operate within the agent under consideration. In the case of the state, these may include domestic politics, the individual characteristics of citizens or other internal actors, and the collective attributes of these citizens or other actors. Although internal causes are not social at the state level, they nevertheless have social implications if they give rise to state identity, and they may themselves be social at a lower level. The social interactions of states themselves constitute a second source of identity, one that treats states as capable of interacting like persons. This approach essentially writes large social and psychological theories, replacing individuals with the state. Finally, the ecological setting or broader environment is a third possible source of identity. The environment may be material, ideational, or discursive, and treated as an objective or a subjective influence.

scholarly journals Financial literacy in Ukraine: from micro to macro level

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Dudchyk ◽  
Iryna Matvijchuk ◽  
Mariia Kovinia ◽  
Tetiana Salnykova ◽  
Iryna Tubolets
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Financial Market Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Low financial literacy of population hinders the financial market development, limits the possibilities of using the savings for investing and creating the additional capital in the country. At the state level it results in inflation, the budget deficit creation, a decrease in country’s gold and foreign exchange reserves, an increase in internal and external government debt. The article analyzes the approaches to understanding the concept of financial literacy, tools for its measuring and comparing at micro and macro levels, dynamics of savings and gold and foreign currency reserves, peculiarities of financial literacy through the analysis of dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures of the government budget and the population of Ukraine. Factors influencing the financial literacy of the population have been systematized. The findings give an idea of creating the optimal managerial influence based on the estimation of financial literacy of the Ukrainian population with the help of specific statistical indicators to expand the possibilities of such influence and to regulate the economic processes to achieve the financial stability of the state and the population. The study showed low financial literacy at both population and state levels. However, at the micro level, creating the credit relations, as well as income, expenses, and savings is more effective than at the macro level.

scholarly journals ‘I have my everything in here’: Welcome, unwelcome and rewelcome in asylum seeker’s deportability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveliina Lyytinen
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
The Individual

In this article, I analyse the intertwined concepts of hospitality and welcome and their negatives in the context of seeking asylum and deportation. I focus on the scales of individual and community welcome, but also reflect on welcome at the state level. The analysis considers the case of Zaki, a young Afghan man who migrated to Finland in 2015. Zaki experienced welcome, unwelcome and rewelcome in four different stages of migration: his arrival in Finland as an unaccompanied minor, going through the asylum process as an adult man, being deported to Afghanistan and re-entering Finland with an employment-related immigration status. These analytical stages provide a unique opportunity to both consider the politics of welcoming people at different scales and to repopulate the abstract discussions about welcome and hospitality. My analysis is focused on Zaki’s and his Finnish friends’ narration of hospitality and welcome during these four stages. The data used in the article includes interviews with Zaki and four local Finns with reference to deportation statistics, asylum policies and media coverage. This article answers the recent call to examine the lived experiences and perspectives of deportees and their communities and also to recentre the individual within the analysis of welcome.

PART II: Ethics, Environment, and Migration: Immigration and the Ethics of Choice

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

This paper begins by developing a language for ethical discourse on immigration and then examining the extent to which choices may be made at the micro-level and at the macro-level. States and individuals are examined as actors who are variously described as making choices or being choiceless. The concepts of cultural distance, reciprocity, the role of the individual and of the state and their interrelationships are evaluated in the perspective of choice. Whether an ethics of immigration can be successfully developed hinges on the degree of choice that individuals and states have or perceive themselves to have. How sad and fraught with trouble is the state of those who yearly emigrate in bodies to America for the means of living…. It is, indeed, piteous that so many unhappy sons of Italy, driven by want to seek another land, should encounter ills greater than those from which they would fly…. When they reach the lands for which they are destined, ignorant as they are of the language and the place, and hired out for daily labor, they fall into the hands of the dishonest, and even into the snares of those powerful men to whom they enslave themselves. (Pope Leo XIII, 1888) You shall not oppress an alien. You well know how it feels to be an alien since you were once aliens yourselves in the land of Egypt. (Ex 23:9)

Establishing Contractual Relationships: an Antropological Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 2107-2117
Author(s):  
Tat’iana S. Volchetskaia ◽  
Tatyana K. Primak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
The State ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

Scientific research of contractual relationships represents not only an interesting aspect of learning about the past of human civilization, but also a necessary component of the creation and improvement of new forms of state-public structures. This component implies consent as a basic element of the interaction system. But many questions remain insufficiently researched for the following reasons: the dominant view on the contract as subordinate in relation to the state and law; the lack of integrity of positions on the origin and composition of the elements that determine the contract’s nature. To get new ideas and perspectives of study it is necessary to reconsider traditional points of view on the emergence of norms, exchange, individualism, property, to use new approaches, especially anthropological one. Based on scientific research, the authors concluded that the agreement (contract) appeared simultaneously with the emergence of the human community; the agreement (contract) does not need to be recognized by the state, it can be considered as a natural regulator of social relations. The general and private levels were identified in the process of forming the contract, and there were indicated contracts’ features, components and the principle of interaction through the individual person

scholarly journals International Experience of Legal Support of Information Security and the Possibilities for its Application in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Sholpan Zabikh
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

The author in the article considers the problems of ensuring information security for the solution of which it is supposed to study methods and ways for identifying and preventing danger in the information sphere. The information security of society as a whole is determined by the rapidly growing technological capabilities of modern information systems, which in their influence on the politics, economy, and the spiritual and ideological sphere of people have now become decisive. Ensuring information security, which refers to the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state in the information sphere from internal and external threats, seems to be a very important task in the modern world. The security of the information space are entails the protection of the rights and interests of man and citizen, society and the state in the information sphere from real and potential threats. The article also provides a generalized description of the international experience in the legal regulation of information security and the possibility of its application in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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