scholarly journals Teori-Teori Transorientasional dalam Psikologi Sosial

Humaniora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Juneman Juneman
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Social Judgment Theory ◽  
Psychological Theories

The author discusses the recognition of social judgment theory, descriptive model of social response, and role theory as transorientational social psychological theories, criticism in this field as well as their  application in everyday’s life. 

Theory in Social Psychology: Seeing the Forest and the Trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Trope
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Psychological Theories

The phenomena social psychology seeks to explain–how people think, feel, and act in response to social situations–are rich and diverse. Therefore, explanatory power, the simplicity of a model relative to its empirical scope, is an important desideratum for social psychological theories. A model achieves high explanatory power to the extent that it integrates narrower models within a unified conceptualization, reconciles conflicting findings, and makes novel predictions regarding specific phenomena. This article first relates explanatory power to the various facets of scientific inquiry (modeling, derivation, observation, evaluation, and decision) and then discusses this criterion as a guide for 2 theory-based lines of research my colleagues and I have conducted in the area of social judgment and decision making.

scholarly journals So Useful as a Good Theory? The Practicality Crisis in (Social) Psychological Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162096965
Author(s):  
Elliot T. Berkman ◽  
Sylas M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Social Psychological Theory

Practicality was a valued attribute of academic psychological theory during its initial decades, but usefulness has since faded in importance to the field. Theories are now evaluated mainly on their ability to account for decontextualized laboratory data and not their ability to help solve societal problems. With laudable exceptions in the clinical, intergroup, and health domains, most psychological theories have little relevance to people’s everyday lives, poor accessibility to policymakers, or even applicability to the work of other academics who are better positioned to translate the theories to the practical realm. We refer to the lack of relevance, accessibility, and applicability of psychological theory to the rest of society as the practicality crisis. The practicality crisis harms the field in its ability to attract the next generation of scholars and maintain viability at the national level. We describe practical theory and illustrate its use in the field of self-regulation. Psychological theory is historically and scientifically well positioned to become useful should scholars in the field decide to value practicality. We offer a set of incentives to encourage the return of social psychology to the Lewinian vision of a useful science that speaks to pressing social issues.

Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin J. Hanek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Drawing primarily on the literature in experimental economics and social psychology, this article reviews key findings on gender differences for two aspects of competitiveness and competition: entry preferences and performance. Although women, relative to men, have been shown to shy away from competition and underperform in competitive environments, this article also discusses boundary conditions for these effects, such as the nature of the task or gender composition of the group, and highlights manifestations of these effects in applied domains, including in negotiations, the labor market, educational settings, and sports. Adopting social psychological frameworks of prescriptive norms and stereotypes, particularly social role theory, this article examines ways in which gender-incongruencies may underpin gender gaps in competition and gender-congruencies may alleviate them. Finally, this article considers implications for individuals and institutions as well as future directions in the field to continue finding ways to close gaps.

Suicide and Homicide: A Test of a Role Theory of Destructive Behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Palmer ◽  
John A. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Low Levels

This paper reviewed major sociological and social psychological bodies of theory on murder and suicide: social integration theory, social loss theory, frustration-aggression theory, and role theory. A synthesis of these theoretical approaches focusing on the processes of reciprocity and unreciprocity in role playing was advanced and an empirical test was conducted. It was found that suicide victims tend to experience significantly more reciprocity and homicide offenders significantly more unreciprocity in their role relationships. In addition, when social role loss increased already high levels of social integration, suicide was probable. When social role loss decreased low levels of social integration, homicide was a more likely consequence.

scholarly journals The paradoxical thinking ‘sweet spot’: The role of recipients’ latitude of rejection in the effectiveness of paradoxical thinking messages targeting anti-refugee attitudes in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Hameiri ◽  
Orly Idan ◽  
Eden Nabet ◽  
Daniel Bar-Tal ◽  
Eran Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Social Judgment Theory ◽  
African Refugees ◽  
Paradoxical Thinking ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The current research examined whether for a message that is based on the paradoxical thinking principles—i.e., providing extreme, exaggerated, or even absurd views, that are congruent with the held views of the message recipients—to be effective, it needs to hit a ‘sweet spot’ and lead to a contrast effect. That is, it moderates the view of the message's recipients. In the framework of attitudes toward African refugees and asylum seekers in Israel by Israeli Jews, we found that compared to more moderate messages, an extreme, but not too extreme, message was effective in leading to unfreezing for high morally convicted recipients. The very extreme message similarly led to high levels of surprise and identity threat as the extreme message that was found to be effective. However, it was so extreme and absurd that it was rejected automatically. This was manifested in high levels of disagreement compared to all other messages, rendering it less effective compared to the extreme, paradoxical thinking, message. We discuss these findings’ practical and theoretical implications for the paradoxical thinking conceptual framework as an attitude change intervention, and for social judgment theory.

Paul and the Author of 1 Clement as Entrepreneurs of Identity in Corinthian Crises of Leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2110647
Author(s):  
Katja Kujanpää
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Identity Approach

When Paul and the author of 1 Clement write letters to Corinth to address crises of leadership, both discuss Moses’ παρρησία (frankness and openness), yet they evaluate it rather differently. In this article, I view both authors as entrepreneurs of identity and explore the ways in which they try to shape their audience’s social identity and influence their behaviour in the crisis by selectively retelling scriptural narratives related to Moses. The article shows that social psychological theories under the umbrella term of the social identity approach help to illuminate the active role of leaders in identity construction as well as the processes of retelling the past in order to mobilize one’s audience.

Application of Lens Model in HRM Research

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Fakir Mohan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Social Judgment ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Social Judgment Theory ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Formidable Challenge

The appropriate use of data-gathering tools and statistical analysis is a formidable challenge in several domains of HRM research. The application of Brunswik's lens mode offers an innovative strategy in this context. Brunswik's lens model is presented and its procedural application as suggested by Hammond in terms of social judgment theory is elaborated. A broad range of application domains including multiple-cue learning, cognitive conflict, policy formation and social issues is described. Studies carried out in Indian context are reviewed. The immense possibility of application in HRM domain is indicated. The idiographic-statistical elements are pointed out. It is asserted that the application of lens model in HRM research would pave the way for greater elegance and expansion of research.

Sticks and Stones

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-132
Author(s):  
Robin Maria Valeri ◽  
Kevin Borgeson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
New Members ◽  
Psychological Theories

The present chapter takes a social psychological approach to understanding hate groups and how hate groups use hate as a promotional tool and as an implement of aggression. As a promotional tool, hate groups use hate to attract new members to their organizations and to promote their beliefs to the mainstream public. Hate also serves as an incendiary, to fuel the emotions of their members, to incite them into action, and to wield against their targets. In this chapter we will attempt to explain why people hate and how they justify their hatred and resulting actions through a number of social psychological theories including realistic group conflict (Bonacich, 1972; Sherif et al., 1961/1988) relative deprivation (Catalono et al., 1993; Hepworth & West, 1988; Hovland & Sears, 1940), social identity theory (Abrams & Hogg, 1990; Festinger, 1954; Tajfel & Turner, 1986; Thoits & Virshup, 1997) and terror management (Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Greenberg, 1997; 2005; Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 1991; 2004).

Why Psychology and Criminal Justice Can Only Take Us So Far

2021 ◽  
pp. 1840-1857
Author(s):  
Lisa Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Schools ◽  
The U.S

Concerns about continued increases in violent behavior in American schools and schools' ability to mitigate and reduce risks abound. Psychology and criminal justice have contributed much to what we know and understand about violence in schools; however, the author argues that these dominant disciplinary perspectives also obscure some important aspects of these phenomena, namely focus on underlying cultural logics that may be impacting violence in schools. In this chapter, the author sets out to achieve two objectives. First, she provides an overview of areas of focus in current literature in psychology and criminal justice that represent the dominant framework within which school violence in the U.S. is viewed. Additionally, she examines those disciplinary perspectives in terms of specific strengths and limitations. Second, she presents and describes a series of social psychological theories and pulls those theories into a coherent framework to demonstrate the value of the social psychological lens in studies of school violence and stimulate further discussion and research on this important topic.

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