scholarly journals Internal doses to the public in the Fukushima prefecture from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
I. A. Zvonova
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Cesium Radionuclides ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radioactive Release

The article is devoted to the analysis of internal dosimetry in residents of Fukushima Prefecture due to the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi NPP. On March 24-30, 2011, screening studies were conducted on measurements of  131I content in thyroid gland of children in those municipalities where the Japanese program for assessing the radiological consequences of the radiation accident “SPEEDI” predicted doses in the thyroid of one-year children from 100 to 500 mSv. Among 1080 children measured, 55% had results below the background, and the maximum estimate of the equivalent dose in the thyroid was 43 mSv. Measurements of several dozen inhabitants with other instruments and methods confirmed low levels of  131I in the thyroid. In total, the  131I thyroid direct measurement database of Fukushima residents contains approximately 1300 individuals. 75% quartile of individual thyroid dose distributions was below 10 mSv, the median was from 0 to 3.7 mSv among children aged from 0 to 15 years in the five examined municipalities. The contribution of short-lived iodine radionuclides was estimated as 15% of the dose from  131I for the main radioactive release on March 15. The effective dose of internal exposure to cesium radionuclides ( 134Cs +  137Cs), estimated from 10 thousand whole body measurements for the first year after the accident, was below 0.1 mSv in 90% of the examined people. Whole body measurements of children 6-15 years old in the second year after the accident confirmed the values of the effective dose of internal exposure less than 0.1 mSv, while the estimates of the effective dose of external exposure in the same children with using individual dosimeters determined the median distribution as 0.66 mSv with a maximum value of 3.45 mSv . The measurement results do not provide any basis to expect a future increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer and other radiogenic diseases among the Fukushima residents. Preventive evacuation of the population before the radioactive release, stay in enclosed dwellings, strict radiation control of food products have effectively reduced the expected doses of internal exposure to residents. In the predictions of the radiological consequences of the accident, it is necessary to take into account the actually implemented measures to protect the population, and local characteristics of the style of life and living.

scholarly journals Whole-body counter surveys of over 2700 babies and small children in and around Fukushima Prefecture 33 to 49 months after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryugo S. HAYANO ◽  
Masaharu TSUBOKURA ◽  
Makoto MIYAZAKI ◽  
Akihiko OZAKI ◽  
Yuki SHIMADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

scholarly journals Measurement and communication: what worked and what did not in Fukushima

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
R. Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
External Dose ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Body Count

The accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant contaminated the soil of densely populated regions in Fukushima Prefecture with radiocaesium, which poses risks of internal and external exposure to the residents. However, extensive whole-body-count surveys have shown that internal exposure levels of residents are negligible. In addition, data from personal dosimeters have shown that external exposure levels have decreased, so the estimated annual external dose of the majority of people is <1 mSv in most areas of Fukushima. Despite these reassuring data, many problems remain in Fukushima, many of which are psychosocial rather than radiological. This article will discuss the roles of measurement and communication in the postaccident phase based on 5 years of experience.

P1399SPARING EFFECT OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS VS HEMODIALYSIS ON CHANGE OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY EVALUATED BY WHOLE-BODY DXA AFTER INITIATION OF DIALYSIS THERAPY AND ITS IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOME

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Iseri ◽  
Longkai Li ◽  
Abdul Rashid Tony Qureshi ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jonaz Ripsweden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Initiation Of Dialysis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background and Aims Bone loss is associated with progression of cardiac calcification and increased mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients but the relations and underlying causes are unclear. We investigated factors associated with changes of bone mineral density (BMD) during the first year after initiation of dialysis and the association between BMD changes and subsequent mortality in ESRD patients. Method In a prospective study of 242 ESRD patients (median age 55 years, 61% men) starting dialysis, total BMD and BMD at specific bone sites (including seven subregions: head, arms, legs, trunk, hip, pelvis and spine) was assessed by whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and one year after dialysis start. Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score, body composition, nutritional status, handgrip strength, various biochemical biomarkers (white blood cell, hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were recorded. We used multivariate linear regression analysis for BMD change analysis. We followed patients from 12 months after initiating of dialysis until renal transplantation, death or end of 60 months follow-up. During follow-up, 59 patients (24%) died due to CVD (n=33) or other causes (n=26) and 95 patients (39%) underwent renal transplantation. Fine and Gray competing risk analysis was used to ascertain associations of BMD changes with all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Results From baseline to one year after initiation of dialysis, there was a significant decrease of BMDtotal and BMDleg, trunk, rib, pelvis and spine in hemodialysis (HD) patients, whereas no difference was seen in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusting for several confounders, HD therapy - compared to PD therapy - was significantly associated with negative changes in BMDtotal (β=-0.15), BMDhead (β=-0.14), BMDleg (β=-0.18) and BMDtrunk (β=-0.16). The direction and extent of changes in BMD, i.e. increase of BMD, associated with statistically significant lower all-cause mortality risk for BMDtotal (sHR, 0.91), BMDhead (sHR 0.91) and BMDleg (sHR 0.92), while for CVD-mortality a significant association with BMD changes was found only for changes in BMDhead (sHR 0.92). Conclusion In patients starting on dialysis, PD therapy appeared to have a beneficial effect on BMD changes as compared to HD during the first year of dialysis therapy. This difference may have implications for clinical outcomes as the degree of bone loss was associated with subsequent mortality. Changes towards increased BMDtotal, BMDhead and BMDleg associated with lower all-cause mortality. For head region – which is known as a cortical bone rich site – positive BMD change associated also with lower CVD mortality suggesting that increase or maintenance of BMD of cortical bone rich sites may have stronger association with clinical outcome in ESRD than BMD of trabecular bone.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and Awareness for Radiocesium Food Monitoring after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Kunii ◽  
Maya Fujimura ◽  
Yukako Komasa ◽  
Akiko Kitamura ◽  
Hitoshi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Edible Wild Plants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Food Monitoring ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
The Government

On 11 March 2011, Japan experienced a massive earthquake and tsunami that triggered the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, resulting in the release of large amounts of cesium-134 and -137 into the atmosphere. In addition to the food radioactivity control in the markets throughout the country, radiocesium concentrations in locally grown foods were voluntarily inspected and the results were shown to the residents by the local government to raise their awareness of the internal radiation contamination risk from low knowledge in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture. In this longitudinal study, local food products for in-home consumption were evaluated by seven different food radioactivity measuring devices in Nihonmatsu City from 2011–2017. Radiocesium was detected in local foods in Nihonmatsu City even six years after the FDNPP accident. The highest number of products tested was in 2012, with the number steadily decreasing thereafter. Most foods had contamination levels that were within the provisional regulation limits. As edible wild plants and mushrooms continue to possess high radiocesium concentrations, new trends in radioactivity in foods like seeds were discovered. This study highlights that the increased risk of radiation exposure could possibly be due to declining radiation awareness among citizens and food distributors. We recommend the continuation of food monitoring procedures at various points in the food processing line under the responsibility of the government to raise awareness for the reduction of future risks of internal exposure.

scholarly journals Trends of development and prediction of the doses from the internal exposure of the public of the Russian Federation and its critical groups in the distant post-Chernobyl NPP accident period

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Bruk ◽  
A. B. Bazyukin ◽  
A. A. Bratilova ◽  
V. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Russian Federation

An article is devoted to the peculiarities of exposure doses forming of adult population due to the main dose-forming foodstuffs in the remote period after Chernobyl accident. On an example of the Bryansk and Tula regions, we carried out the assessment of the effective purification half-periods of the main dose-forming food products (milk and mushrooms) from 137Cs due to its radioactive decay and natural self-purification and the assessment of the periods of half-reduction of the average annual effective internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region divided on the 137Cs soil surface activity actual in the corresponding year (based on whole body measurements data). Obtained results allowed fulfilling the prognosis of the internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region for the time period up to 2056.

A Study on Internal Radiation Exposure due to 137Cs Caused by Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (sp) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Furutani ◽  
◽  
Masaharu Tsubokura ◽  
Keisuke Uehara ◽  
Masahiko Nihei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to clarify the effect of 137Cs internal exposure after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. Using data of approximately 34,000 examinees of a whole-body counter conducted by the Hirata Central Hospital from October 11, 2011 to January 31, 2013, the relationship between internal radiation dose and food ingestion is empirically and quantitatively demonstrated. As a result, elderly people who lived near the Fukushima NPPs and have daily eaten local rice and fungi have a tendency to display higher internal radiation dose.

scholarly journals Whole Body Low Dose Computed Tomography Using Third-Generation Dual-Source Multidetector With Spectral Shaping: Protocol Optimization and Literature Review

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582097313
Author(s):  
Dario Baldi ◽  
Liberatore Tramontano ◽  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Bruna Punzo ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Subjective Image Quality ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Ct Dose Index ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

For decades, the main imaging tool for multiple myeloma (MM) patient’s management has been the conventional skeleton survey. In 2014 international myeloma working group defined the advantages of the whole-body low dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) as a gold standard, among imaging modalities, for bone disease assessment and subsequently implemented this technique in the MM diagnostic workflow. The aim of this study is to investigate, in a group of 30 patients with a new diagnosis of MM, the radiation dose (CT dose index, dose-length product, effective dose), the subjective image quality score and osseous/extra-osseous findings rate with a modified WBLDCT protocol. Spectral shaping and third-generation dual-source multidetector CT scanner was used for the assessment of osteolytic lesions due to MM, and the dose exposure was compared with the literature findings reported until 2020. Mean radiation dose parameters were reported as follows: CT dose index 0.3 ± 0.1 mGy, Dose-Length Product 52.0 ± 22.5 mGy*cm, effective dose 0.44 ± 0.19 mSv. Subjective image quality was good/excellent in all subjects. 11/30 patients showed osteolytic lesions, with a percentage of extra-osseous findings detected in 9/30 patients. Our data confirmed the advantages of WBLDCT in the diagnosis of patients with MM, reporting an effective dose for our protocol as the lowest among previous literature findings.

scholarly journals Alpha Spectrometry of Radon Short-Lived Progeny in Drinking Water and Assessment of the Public Effective Dose: Results from the Cilento Area, Province of Salerno, Southern Italy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5840
Author(s):  
Enver Faella ◽  
Simona Mancini ◽  
Michele Guida ◽  
Albina Cuomo ◽  
Domenico Guida
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
South Italy

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas present in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere abundantly. Its ionizing radiation provides the largest human internal exposure by inhalation and ingestion to natural sources, constituting a serious health hazard. The contribution to total exposure is mainly due to inhalation, as ingestion by food or drinking water is typically very small. However, because of public health concerns, the contributions from all these sources are limited by regulations and remedial action should be taken in the event that the defined threshold values are overcome. In this paper, the first campaign of measurements to control the radon activity concentration in drinking water from public water supplies in the province of Salerno, south Italy, is described. The results represent a main reference for the area, as it was never investigated before. The purpose of this survey was to contribute to data compilation concerning the presence of radon-222 in groundwater in the Campania region and to determine the associated risk for different age groups. The maximum radon activity concentrations and the related total annual public effective dose turned out to be lower than the threshold values (100 Bq/l and 0.1 mSv/y, respectively) indicated by international guidelines and the national regulation, showing that the health risks for public consumption can be considered negligible.

scholarly journals Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the P-Glycoprotein Radiotracer [11C]Metoclopramide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bauer ◽  
Sandra Barna ◽  
Matthias Blaickner ◽  
Konstantin Prosenz ◽  
Karsten Bamminger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract Purpose To assess in healthy volunteers the whole-body distribution and dosimetry of [11C]metoclopramide, a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to measure P-glycoprotein activity at the blood-brain barrier. Procedures Ten healthy volunteers (five women, five men) were intravenously injected with 387 ± 49 MBq of [11C]metoclopramide after low dose CT scans and were then imaged by whole-body PET scans from head to upper thigh over approximately 70 min. Ten source organs (brain, thyroid gland, right lung, myocardium, liver, gall bladder, left kidney, red bone marrow, muscle and the contents of the urinary bladder) were manually delineated on whole-body images. Absorbed doses were calculated with QDOSE (ABX-CRO) using the integrated IDAC-Dose 2.1 module. Results The majority of the administered dose of [11C]metoclopramide was taken up into the liver followed by urinary excretion and, to a smaller extent, biliary excretion of radioactivity. The mean effective dose of [11C]metoclopramide was 1.69 ± 0.26 μSv/MBq for female subjects and 1.55 ± 0.07 μSv/MBq for male subjects. The two organs receiving the highest radiation doses were the urinary bladder (10.81 ± 0.23 μGy/MBq and 8.78 ± 0.89 μGy/MBq) and the liver (6.80 ± 0.78 μGy/MBq and 4.91 ± 0.74 μGy/MBq) for female and male subjects, respectively. Conclusions [11C]Metoclopramide showed predominantly renal excretion, and is safe and well tolerated in healthy adults. The effective dose of [11C]metoclopramide was comparable to other 11C-labeled PET tracers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document