scholarly journals Trends of development and prediction of the doses from the internal exposure of the public of the Russian Federation and its critical groups in the distant post-Chernobyl NPP accident period

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Bruk ◽  
A. B. Bazyukin ◽  
A. A. Bratilova ◽  
V. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Russian Federation

An article is devoted to the peculiarities of exposure doses forming of adult population due to the main dose-forming foodstuffs in the remote period after Chernobyl accident. On an example of the Bryansk and Tula regions, we carried out the assessment of the effective purification half-periods of the main dose-forming food products (milk and mushrooms) from 137Cs due to its radioactive decay and natural self-purification and the assessment of the periods of half-reduction of the average annual effective internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region divided on the 137Cs soil surface activity actual in the corresponding year (based on whole body measurements data). Obtained results allowed fulfilling the prognosis of the internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region for the time period up to 2056.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT FOODSTUFFS ON THE INTERNAL EXPOSURE DOSE FORMATION IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bratilova ◽  
G. Ya. Bruk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Internal Dose ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Region Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

An The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the internal exposure dose formation in the adult population of the internal dose forming of the adult population of Russian Federation due to consumption of different foodstuffs in the remote period after the accident on at the Chernobyl NPP. Estimation of the impact of different foodstuffs is carried out in the forming of the mentioned doses; the foodstuffs mainly contributing in the internal dose forming formation are revealed. Based on the Bryansk region data, the comparing was fulfilled of the current food rations of population with the previous rations – of during the initial and intermediate postaccidental periods. It is illustrated how the differences in food rations affect the levels of exposure of the local inhabitants, which is necessary for the appropriate assessment of the internal exposure doses for population living in the contaminated territories.

scholarly journals A new approach for the methodology of the assessment of the predicted doses to the public of the Bryansk region in the remote period after the Chernobyl NPP accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V. A. Yakovlev ◽  
G. Ya. Bruk
Keyword(s):  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Single Exponential

This study is aimed at the evaluation of the trends of the doses from internal exposure of the adult public of the Bryansk region due to the consumption of the main dose-forming food products in the remote period after the Chernobyl NPP accident and the methodical features of the assessment of the predicted doses form the internal exposure. A new methodical approach to the calculation of the predicted doses of the public from internal exposure is based on the single exponential model of the change of the dose with a time-dependent period of a half-decrease. Results of the study allowed increasing the precision of calculation of the predicted doses to the public of the Bryansk region up to 2056. A similar method (single exponential model) can be applied for the external exposure as well. That allowed calculating predicted doses of total (external + internal) exposure. As an example, the paper includes the distribution of all settlements in the Bryansk region referred to the zones of radioactive contamination by the predicted average annual effective dose to the public and critical groups in the different time periods after the accident.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of the Average Annual and Cumulative Radiation Exposure Doses of the Adult Population of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl Disaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
IK Romanovich ◽  
GYa Bruk ◽  
AB Bazyukin ◽  
AA Bratilova ◽  
VA Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
137Cs Activity ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of the study was to study the patterns of forming average annual and cumulative exposure doses. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the average annual and cumulative doses of the adult population of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Results and conclusions. We estimated the contribution of external and internal exposure doses accumulated during the first year after the disaster into the total doses accumulated in 1986–2016 in the population living in the areas with different levels of 137Cs activity in surface soil. The contribution of the exposure doses received during the first year after the accident into the total doses accumulated in 1986–2016 by the population of the regions with different levels of 137Cs activity in surface soil was more than 30%. The contribution of the internal exposure dose received during the first year after the accident into the total exposure dose accumulated in 1986–2016 by the population exceeded that of the external dose. We predicted the average annual and cumulative exposure doses of the population until the year 2056: in 2016, the actual average annual exposure dose for the population exceeded 1.0 mSv/year only in 19 settlements of the Bryansk Region while by 2056 the number of such settlements would be null. In 2016, the average cumulative exposure dose of the population exceeded 70 mSv in 55 settlements of the Bryansk Region, the maximum being 299 mSv. According to the forecast for the year 2056, the total number of settlements in the Bryansk Region with the average cumulative exposure dose of the population equal to or greater than 70 mSv would approach 92. All these settlements are situated only in the Bryansk Region. The maximum expected value of the average cumulative exposure dose would be 374 mSv. We estimated the contribution of the population exposure dose accumulated in 1986–2016 into the exposure dose accumulated during 70 years (a lifetime dose). The contribution of the average accumulated effective exposure dose for 1986–2016 into the dose predicted for 1986–2056 ranged 86% to 94%. This means that the major part of the lifetime dose has been already accumulated by the locals

scholarly journals Internal doses to the public in the Fukushima prefecture from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
I. A. Zvonova
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
Cesium Radionuclides ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radioactive Release

The article is devoted to the analysis of internal dosimetry in residents of Fukushima Prefecture due to the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi NPP. On March 24-30, 2011, screening studies were conducted on measurements of  131I content in thyroid gland of children in those municipalities where the Japanese program for assessing the radiological consequences of the radiation accident “SPEEDI” predicted doses in the thyroid of one-year children from 100 to 500 mSv. Among 1080 children measured, 55% had results below the background, and the maximum estimate of the equivalent dose in the thyroid was 43 mSv. Measurements of several dozen inhabitants with other instruments and methods confirmed low levels of  131I in the thyroid. In total, the  131I thyroid direct measurement database of Fukushima residents contains approximately 1300 individuals. 75% quartile of individual thyroid dose distributions was below 10 mSv, the median was from 0 to 3.7 mSv among children aged from 0 to 15 years in the five examined municipalities. The contribution of short-lived iodine radionuclides was estimated as 15% of the dose from  131I for the main radioactive release on March 15. The effective dose of internal exposure to cesium radionuclides ( 134Cs +  137Cs), estimated from 10 thousand whole body measurements for the first year after the accident, was below 0.1 mSv in 90% of the examined people. Whole body measurements of children 6-15 years old in the second year after the accident confirmed the values of the effective dose of internal exposure less than 0.1 mSv, while the estimates of the effective dose of external exposure in the same children with using individual dosimeters determined the median distribution as 0.66 mSv with a maximum value of 3.45 mSv . The measurement results do not provide any basis to expect a future increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer and other radiogenic diseases among the Fukushima residents. Preventive evacuation of the population before the radioactive release, stay in enclosed dwellings, strict radiation control of food products have effectively reduced the expected doses of internal exposure to residents. In the predictions of the radiological consequences of the accident, it is necessary to take into account the actually implemented measures to protect the population, and local characteristics of the style of life and living.

The Relevance of Energy Service Contracts in the Budget Sphere

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
George V. Boos ◽  
Elena Yu. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
The Russian Federation

The problematic aspects related to the implementation of energy saving policy in the budget sphere are examined in the article. The factors hindering the mass and effective implementation of energysaving measures are highlighted in the article. Among these factors, there is the technical complexity of energysaving projects, the presence of innovative and investment risks, problems with the financial provision of costs in the face of increasing debt burden in most public budgets. The article concludes that in these circumstances only the energy service contract is a tool that allows implementing energy­saving measures without the first participation of budgetary funds in financing and allows transferring the risks of making technically inefficient decisions directly to the investor. In the article, the authors substantiate the importance of the institutional development of energy services directly in the public sector and analyze the measures of the comprehensive plan to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the Russian Federation aimed at expanding the scope of energy service contracts in the public sector.

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

Unified approach to spatial description of objects terrain departmental registries / cadastres as a perspective basis of the state system territory mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
A.M. Portnov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Description ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Consistency Verification ◽  
Thematic Data

Using unified principles of formation and maintenance of register/cadaster with information about spatial data of landscape objects as the informational and technological basis for updating the public topographic maps and modernization of state cartographic system is proposed. The problems of informational relevancy of unified electronical cartographic basis and capacity of its renovation in case of public cadaster map data. The need to modernize the system of classification and coding of cartographic information, the use of unified standards for the coordinate description of register objects for their topological consistency, verification and updating is emphasized. Implementing such solutions is determined by economical expediency as well as necessity of providing a variety of real thematic data for wide range of consumers in the field of urban planning, territories development and completing the tasks of Governmental program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation”.

Additional Evidence on Audit Report Lag

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Jeff L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Audit Team ◽  
Available Information

The process for providing accounting information to the public has not changed much in the last century even though the extent of disclosure has increased signifi-cantly. Sundem et al. (1996) suggest that the primary benefit of audited financial statements may not be decision usefulness but the discipline imposed by timely confirmation of previously available information. In general, the value of information from the audited financial statement will decline as the audit report lag (the time period between a company's fiscal year end and the date of the audit report) increases since competitively oriented users may obtain substitute sources of information. Furthermore, the literature on earnings quality and earnings management suggests that unexpected reporting delays may be associated with lower quality information. The purpose of this paper is to extend our understanding about the determinants of audit report lag using a proprietary database containing 226 audit engagements from an international public accounting firm. We examine three previously uninvestigated audit firm factors that potentially influence audit report lag and are controllable by the auditor: (1) incremental audit effort (e.g., hours), (2) the resource allocation of audit team effort measured by rank (partner, manager, or staff), and (3) the provision of nonaudit services (MAS and tax). The results indicate that incremental audit effort, the presence of contentious tax issues, and the use of less experienced audit staff are positively correlated with audit report lag. Further, audit report lag is decreased by the potential synergistic relationship between MAS and audit services.

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