scholarly journals SLEEP IN CHILDREN: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOLOGY

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
M. G. POLUEKTOV ◽  
P. V. PCHELINA
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Night Terrors ◽  
Light Sedation

Circadian rhythms and the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness begin to form in the embryonic period and undergo many stages of development before acquire characteristics typical for an adult. Structure of sleep disturbances in children also differs from that in the adult population. Most sleep disorders in children are the result of immaturity of certain brain structures and mechanisms: primary sleep disorders, pediatric behavioral insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis. These disorders are benign, and usually disappear by adulthood. Treatment of benign sleep disorders in children should primarily be based on the methods of behavioral therapy, the rules of sleep hygiene and the purpose of light sedation.

Features of modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Dmitry Fedorovich Khritinin ◽  
M. A. Sumarokova ◽  
E. P. Schukina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Currently, insomnia is not only a medical, but also a social as well as an economic problem. Sleep disorders increase the risk of somatic, neurological and mental illnesses. The shift schedule has a significant impact on the employee’s health, increasing the risk of developing such disorders as metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and other. As a result of sleep disturbances, lipid peroxidation processes may intensify, which can lead to the disorders described above. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of sleep disorders is an important aspect of chronic diseases diagnostics. In our opinion, it is crucial to study possible sleep disorders for their timely correction. The article discusses the features of drug and non-drug treatment of sleep disorders, as well as approaches to the primary and secondary prevention of insomnia. It is recommended to begin the treatment of sleep disorders with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia typically includes psycho-education, training in relaxation techniques, stimulation limitation method, sleep limitation therapy, and cognitive therapy. When developing recreational activities for employees with a shift work schedule, attention should be paid to work and rest regimes, prevention of fatigue and obesity, and the sleep disorders treatment. Training in sleep hygiene and improving its compliance in the target groups is regarded as a method of non-pharmacological treatment of sleep disorders and a means of primary and secondary prevention of insomnia. In our opinion, further research on the features of the prevention and treatment of insomnia in various population groups is needed. Effective primary and secondary prevention of sleep disorders will reduce the risks of developing neurological, somatic and mental diseases and significantly improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Moretti ◽  
Giulia Menculini ◽  
Lucia Gonfia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
In Pregnancy

Sleep disturbances and changes in circadian rhythms are commonly observed in pregnant women. These disorders can result from anatomical, physiological, psychological, and hormonal alterations that can influence sleeping during this phase. Sleep disorders during pregnancy can be responsible for detrimental effects on both mother and foetus. In this chapter we will focus on the epidemiology of sleep disorders, physiological sleep mechanisms and their alterations during pregnancy, as well as on risk factors for sleep disorders in pregnancy. We will then focus of the most frequent sleep disorders during pregnancy, also considering eventual adverse implications for both mother and child, prognosis, and possible pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Medina Permatawati ◽  
Agung Triono ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM CHRONIC MERCURY INTOXICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Katamanova ◽  
N. V. Slivnitsyna ◽  
E. N. Korchuganova ◽  
O. I. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Mercury Intoxication

Introduction. In the Irkutsk region, chronic mercury intoxication (CRI) occupies a leading place among occupational neurointoxications. An organic personality disorder with insomnia is one of the manifestations of brain damage in CRI. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic criteria for secondary insomnia in patients with professional CRI for the selection of effective treatment. Material and methods. The study involved 30 people in the long-term CRI and 30 people in the comparison group with sleep disorders that are not in contact with harmful factors. Electroencephalographic, polysomnographic research and questioning were carried out with the assessment of the subjective characteristics of sleep. Information was processed using the Statistika 6.0 application package. Results. It was shown that CRI patients were shown to complain statistically significantly more frequent sleep disturbances than in the comparison group (p = 0.0003), difficulty in maintaining sleep (p = 0.004). As a result of EEG in the group of patients in the long-term CRI, the integral index and the ratio α/β were statistically significantly different from those in the comparison group, and according to the results of polysomnography, more pronounced qualitative and quantitative violations of the night sleep pattern were found in CRI patients; as a decrease in total sleep time (p = 0.0001), increase in sleep time (p = 0.008), number of activations and total wakefulness inside sleep (p = 0.03), decrease in sleep efficiency index (p = 0.006) and increase in an integrative sleep quality index (p = 0.03). According to the discriminant analysis, 4 criteria for diagnosing insomnia in CRI were established: total sleep time (min.), duration of the first stage of slow sleep (%), rhythm ratio α/β, EEG (%) and integral EEG index (%). Conclusion. Considering the data obtained, it is possible to improve approaches to treating insomnia in CRI by prescribing a complex of treatment, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants with a sedative effect, as well as alpha training using biofeedback.

scholarly journals Polysomnography Applied to Patients with Tinnitus: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Liane Teixeira ◽  
Ronaldo Granjeiro ◽  
Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Fayez Bahamad Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
Initial Appointment

Introduction Tinnitus has been defined as an “auditory phantom perception,” meaning that tinnitus results from an abnormal activity within the nervous system, in the absence of any internal or external acoustic stimulation. About 10 to 15% of the adult population is affected by tinnitus, and a relevant percentage of tinnitus sufferers experience symptoms severe enough to significantly affect quality of life, including sleep disturbances, work impairment, and, in some cases, psychiatric distress. The self-rated complaints about tinnitus focus on emotional distress, auditory perceptual difficulties, and sleep disturbances. Objectives To evaluate the works that show sleep disorders in patients with tinnitus, and sleep disorders assessed by polysomnography. Data Synthesis We found four studies with polysomnography to assess sleep disorders in patients with tinnitus. The first study evaluated 80 patients who were military personnel without major psychiatric disturbances, and their tinnitus was associated with noise-induced permanent hearing. The second study was a prospective, case-control, nonrandomized study of 18 patients affected by chronic tinnitus who were compared with a homogeneous control group consisting of 15 healthy subjects. The last work evaluated questionnaires mailed to patients before their initial appointment at the Oregon Health Sciences University Tinnitus Clinic between 1994 and 1997. These questionnaires requested information pertaining to insomnia, tinnitus severity, and loudness. Follow-up questionnaires were mailed to 350 patients 1 to 4 years (mean 5 ± 2.3 years) after their initial appointment at the clinic. Conclusion There are few studies with polysomnography for the evaluation of patients with sleep disorders caused by tinnitus. This shows the need for more studies on this subject.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED REHABILITATION MEASURES IN PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
M.E. Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Individual

It is known that sleep disorders adversely affect the processes of brain neuroplasticity. Wakefulness and night sleep are functional states that are closely interrelated and equally mediate and provide the adaptive activity of the individual. Human biological rhythms are hierarchically dependent on the main pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The role of a mediator that delivers regulatory signals to organs is played by the hormone melatonin, which is synthesized by pineal gland cells. Sleep disorders seriously affect a person's quality of life: emotional stress, anxiety, irritation increase and, as a result, stress resistance decreases, the need for communication, entertainment decreases. In the vast majority of cases, insomnia is secondary, that is, it is formed against the background of the development of diseases and/or adverse circumstances. Quite often, sleep disturbances occur in demyelinating/ neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. We examined 30 patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, which were divided into two groups. The main group received therapy with a melatonin- containing drug in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Patients in the control group received only therapy with melatonin-containing drug. It was shown that cortisol levels in patients of the main group decreased more than in patients who did not receive CBT. Reduction of clinical manifestations, along with improvements in laboratory indices of day and night melatonin expression, as well as cortisol expression, were already observed on the 14th day of treatment, and on the 21st day of the study, these indices improved significantly. Clinical efficacy in the main group was achieved in 86,6 % of cases, in the control group - in 60,0 % of cases. It is planned to use this method in the development of a comprehensive rehabilitation program in patients with neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medina Permatawati ◽  
Agung Triono ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian children with ADHD have not been widely studied.Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep disorders in children with ADHD. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%) experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type (OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have significantly more severe sleep disorders.

Prevalence of Insomnia in Nursing and Midwifery Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Shamsaei ◽  
F. Cheraghi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sleeping Problems

Background:Sleep is absolutely essential for normal, healthy function. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common under diagnosed and under treated health problems among the adult population. The disturbances in sleep and wake process caused physical and mental disorders.Purpose of study:The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping problems to in the nursing and midwifery students.Methods:This research is a descriptive study. The participants consist of 321 individual were selected by census sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire that concluded 2 parts; A- demographic factors B- questions related to sleep disorders.Results:Outcome showed that nearly one-three of nursing and midwifery students suffered from insomnia. The percentage was significantly higher among women (37.1%) than among men (23.1%). The prevalence of insomnia was higher in nursing students (39.3%) than midwifery students (31.2%).Conclusion:Sleep disorders distracted the physical and mental health of students. It impacted on academic performance and decreased educational achievement of students. Emotional stress and anxiety are some factors of sleep disorders, with recognizing these factors, we can operate effective interventions.

The Neuropharmacology of Sleep Disorders: Better Sleeping Through Chemistry?

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Suhl
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Idiopathic Hypersomnia

Sleep and wake states involve interaction among many brain centers via multiple neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, hypocretin, acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin (wake promoting), and γ amino butyric acid (GABA) and melatonin (sleep promoting). Most medications for insomnia or hypersomnia act on elements of these neural systems. Initial treatment of insomnia includes sleep hygiene measures. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is useful. Medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for insomnia act on GABA receptors or on melatonin receptors. A frequent cause of insomnia is restless legs syndrome, which is linked to reduced dopaminergic activity in brain structures; idiopathic restless legs syndrome is best treated with dopamine agonists such as ropinerole or pramipexole. Excessive daytime sleepiness is most often due to insufficient sleep hours or sleep apnea but is also caused by medications, illnesses, narcolepsy, or idiopathic hypersomnia. Stimulants generally act through enhanced dopamine action (amphetamines, methylphenidate) or acetylcholine action (caffeine). Modafinil may act through enhanced central histamine, hypocretin, and possibly dopamine action. A newer agent, γ -hydroxybutyrate (GHB), acts on GABA and GHB receptors to consolidate sleep, improving daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Improving knowledge of sleep/wake mechanisms should lead to more specific and rational treatments for sleep disorders.

scholarly journals Gangguan Tidur pada Pasien Stroke Fase Akut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Lisda Amalia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Brain

Stroke is a condition when a person has a sudden neurological deficit caused by a disruption in the blood vessels of the brain. About 21-77% of stroke patients have sleep disorders that occur after a stroke. The sleep cycle is regulated by the brain and strokes can cause sleep disturbances due to abnormalities that can occur in the brain structures that regulate sleep. Post Stroke Sleep Disoder (PSSD) is the most common symptom after stroke. Sleep disorders after stroke include Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disturbance, hypersomnia, parasomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. Sleep has many benefits, one of which is the restoration of physical and mental functions, the consolidation of memory and improving the learning ability of a person both motorically and sensitively. Other studies have also shown a correlation between electrographic sleep time and cognitive function of stroke patients during recovery. Another experimental study also indicated that sleep disorders can increase the expression of neurocans, which are genes that inhibit nerve growth. Sleep disorders in stroke patients can reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation

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