scholarly journals Gangguan Tidur pada Pasien Stroke Fase Akut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Lisda Amalia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Brain

Stroke is a condition when a person has a sudden neurological deficit caused by a disruption in the blood vessels of the brain. About 21-77% of stroke patients have sleep disorders that occur after a stroke. The sleep cycle is regulated by the brain and strokes can cause sleep disturbances due to abnormalities that can occur in the brain structures that regulate sleep. Post Stroke Sleep Disoder (PSSD) is the most common symptom after stroke. Sleep disorders after stroke include Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disturbance, hypersomnia, parasomnia and sleep-related movement disorders. Sleep has many benefits, one of which is the restoration of physical and mental functions, the consolidation of memory and improving the learning ability of a person both motorically and sensitively. Other studies have also shown a correlation between electrographic sleep time and cognitive function of stroke patients during recovery. Another experimental study also indicated that sleep disorders can increase the expression of neurocans, which are genes that inhibit nerve growth. Sleep disorders in stroke patients can reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of stroke rehabilitation

Sleep

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Carrión ◽  
John A. Turner ◽  
Carl F. Weems
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Underlying Pathology

The architecture of healthy sleep rests upon a network of several interacting neurochemical systems, an arrangement that is easily disrupted by the experience of traumatic stress. As a result, sleep may be among the most susceptible of behaviors to have a negative impact as a result of trauma. Sleep disturbances, or “parasomnias,” such as nightmares, sleepwalking, and insomnia are one of the most prominent hallmarks of PTSD, and the study of these sleep-specific symptoms can provide a window into the underlying pathology of the disorder. The current chapter reviews the preclinical animal literature that has informed our understanding of the brain structures that are involved in the development of these parasomnias. In reviewing adult and child studies of disrupted sleep in PTSD, a distinction is made between the subjective and objective assessment of sleep quality, with a call made for an emphasis on objective measurements in future research.

scholarly journals SLEEP IN CHILDREN: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOLOGY

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
M. G. POLUEKTOV ◽  
P. V. PCHELINA
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Night Terrors ◽  
Light Sedation

Circadian rhythms and the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness begin to form in the embryonic period and undergo many stages of development before acquire characteristics typical for an adult. Structure of sleep disturbances in children also differs from that in the adult population. Most sleep disorders in children are the result of immaturity of certain brain structures and mechanisms: primary sleep disorders, pediatric behavioral insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis. These disorders are benign, and usually disappear by adulthood. Treatment of benign sleep disorders in children should primarily be based on the methods of behavioral therapy, the rules of sleep hygiene and the purpose of light sedation.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM CHRONIC MERCURY INTOXICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Katamanova ◽  
N. V. Slivnitsyna ◽  
E. N. Korchuganova ◽  
O. I. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Mercury Intoxication

Introduction. In the Irkutsk region, chronic mercury intoxication (CRI) occupies a leading place among occupational neurointoxications. An organic personality disorder with insomnia is one of the manifestations of brain damage in CRI. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic criteria for secondary insomnia in patients with professional CRI for the selection of effective treatment. Material and methods. The study involved 30 people in the long-term CRI and 30 people in the comparison group with sleep disorders that are not in contact with harmful factors. Electroencephalographic, polysomnographic research and questioning were carried out with the assessment of the subjective characteristics of sleep. Information was processed using the Statistika 6.0 application package. Results. It was shown that CRI patients were shown to complain statistically significantly more frequent sleep disturbances than in the comparison group (p = 0.0003), difficulty in maintaining sleep (p = 0.004). As a result of EEG in the group of patients in the long-term CRI, the integral index and the ratio α/β were statistically significantly different from those in the comparison group, and according to the results of polysomnography, more pronounced qualitative and quantitative violations of the night sleep pattern were found in CRI patients; as a decrease in total sleep time (p = 0.0001), increase in sleep time (p = 0.008), number of activations and total wakefulness inside sleep (p = 0.03), decrease in sleep efficiency index (p = 0.006) and increase in an integrative sleep quality index (p = 0.03). According to the discriminant analysis, 4 criteria for diagnosing insomnia in CRI were established: total sleep time (min.), duration of the first stage of slow sleep (%), rhythm ratio α/β, EEG (%) and integral EEG index (%). Conclusion. Considering the data obtained, it is possible to improve approaches to treating insomnia in CRI by prescribing a complex of treatment, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants with a sedative effect, as well as alpha training using biofeedback.

scholarly journals Melatonin in Treatment of Chronic Sleep Disorders in Adults with Pervasive Development Disorders: A Retrospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Deriaz ◽  
G. Galli-Carminati ◽  
G. Bertschy
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Pervasive Development Disorders

Background:Melatonin may be used to treat sleep disorders in both children and adults with intellectual disability. the evidence for its efficacy, potential adverse effects and drug interactions are reviewed in the context of prescribing to people with intellectual disability.Methods:This study presents the use of melatonin to treat severe circadian sleep-wake disturbances in 6 adults with pervasive developmental disorders. Melatonin was initiated at a daily dose of 3 mg at nocturnal bedtime. If this proved ineffective, the melatonin dose was titrated over the following 4 weeks at increments of 3mg/2weeks up to a maximum of 9 mg, unless it was tolerated. Assessments included the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I).Results:Melatonin administered in the evening dramatically improved the sleep-wake pattern in all patients. Melatonin appears to be effective in reducing sleep onset latency and is probably effective in improving nocturnal awakenings and total sleep time in adults with pervasive developmental disorders. Its effectiveness remained stable for the 6-months period of administration. Melatonin was well-tolerated in all patients and no side effects were noted during the therapy.Conclusions:Melatonin appears to be promising as an efficient and seemingly safe alternative for treatment of severe circadian sleep disturbances in adults with intellectual disability. There may be heterogeneity of response depending on the nature of the sleep problem and cause of the intellectual disability or associated disabilities. Further studies are necessary before firm conclusions can be drawn and guidelines for the use of melatonin for people with ID formulated.

scholarly journals Brain Mechanisms of COVID-19-Sleep Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6917
Author(s):  
Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya ◽  
Aysel Mamedova ◽  
Valeria Vinnik ◽  
Maria Klimova ◽  
Elena Saranceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

2020 and 2021 have been unprecedented years due to the rapid spread of the modified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus around the world. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes atypical infiltrated pneumonia with many neurological symptoms, and major sleep changes. The exposure of people to stress, such as social confinement and changes in daily routines, is accompanied by various sleep disturbances, known as ‘coronasomnia’ phenomenon. Sleep disorders induce neuroinflammation, which promotes the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and entry of antigens and inflammatory factors into the brain. Here, we review findings and trends in sleep research in 2020–2021, demonstrating how COVID-19 and sleep disorders can induce BBB leakage via neuroinflammation, which might contribute to the ‘coronasomnia’ phenomenon. The new studies suggest that the control of sleep hygiene and quality should be incorporated into the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. We also discuss perspective strategies for the prevention of COVID-19-related BBB disorders. We demonstrate that sleep might be a novel biomarker of BBB leakage, and the analysis of sleep EEG patterns can be a breakthrough non-invasive technology for diagnosis of the COVID-19-caused BBB disruption.

scholarly journals CLINICAL ASPECTS OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
O A Andrienko
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Time Awake

According to the scientific literature of sleep disturbance in patients with Parkinson’s disease meet from 51 to 85 %. In this study, PD patients with sleep disturbances were found in 50.1% (348 of 694 patients) were included in the registry (it surveyed patients with PD, aged from 21 to 90 years with different stages of BP living in different cities and districts of the Rostov region), noted sleep disorders during the disease, as well as to verify the diagnosis of PD. In the future, EEG-somnography were selected 48 patients with BP stage 2 on the Hoehn-Yahr, aged 52 to 71 years, and 50 healthy volunteers aged 49 to 67 years. It is established that in patients with PD stage of sleep you go faster - less time awake, and time of stage 1 non-REM sleep and the stage of paradoxical sleep (PS) in comparison with healthy volunteers. Chronic dyssomnia may occur due to ingestion of antiparkinson medications. Sleep duration decreases, but the psychological need remains the same. Structural changes are observed in sleep are significantly reduced slow-wave stage of sleep, some to a lesser extent, REM-phase and total sleep time.

scholarly journals A pilot to assess the feasibility and potential clinical utility of enhanced sleep management on inpatient wards in a mental health trust

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S215-S215
Author(s):  
Ambrina Roshi ◽  
Rose McGowan ◽  
Lauren Roberts ◽  
Stuart Watson ◽  
Kirstie Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Night Time ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Sleep Management

AimsTo assess the feasibility and utility of introducing the following changes on to in-patient units:Structural and cultural adaptation to create a sleep friendly ward environmentA “Protected Sleep Time” between midnight and 6amRoutine screening for sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnoea and restless leg syndromeBackgroundInsomnia and other sleep disturbances are cause, correlate and consequence of psychiatric disorders. Routine hourly night time observations, ward noise, bright lights at night time, sleep disorders, insufficient exercise, insufficient day light exposure, too much caffeine and inappropriate psychotropic use are all causes of disturbed sleep (Horne 2018).MethodSeven wards participated in a pilot (SleepWell). These consisted of one male and two female Acute Wards (General Adult), a High Dependency Unit, a Neurorehabilitation ward, an in-patient dementia service and one rehabilitation ward. These wards were supported via an existing trust management structure and the pilot was specifically supported by two trust managers (RW and RB) and by a clinical director (PK). The expectation was that each ward would identify a sleep champion from existing staff to facilitate the changes. A “product” was developed which identified core sleep management features but, in addition, wards were not confined to these. The existing policy that all inpatients should be checked each hour over night was suspended for the pilot wards and the patients had protected sleep time (PST) if the MDT agreed that it was clinically appropriate.Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to identify facilitators of change, impact on sleep and, outcome.ResultProtected sleep was viewed positively by all staff and approximately 50% of patients on the pilot wards were able to have PST at some point in their admission. Routine sleep disorder assessments were harder to implement and 33% of patients were screened. There were no deaths or significant events on patients due to PST. Hypnotic use on the pilot wards reduced. It is anticipated that PST where it is safe will be rolled out across all adult and old age wards in the trust.ConclusionWith support, it has been feasible to change many aspects of sleep management across a breadth of inpatient units in a large NHS trust.

scholarly journals Largest-scale dissociation of brain activity at propofol-induced loss of consciousness

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Pujol ◽  
Laura Blanco-Hinojo ◽  
Lluís Gallart ◽  
Luís Moltó ◽  
Gerard Martínez-Vilavella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The brain is a functional unit made up of multi-level connected elements showing a pattern of synchronized activity that varies in different states. The wake-sleep cycle is a major variation of brain functional condition that is ultimately regulated by subcortical arousal- and sleep-promoting cell groups. We analyzed the evolution of functional MRI signal in the whole cortex and in a deep region including most sleep- and wake-regulating subcortical nuclei at loss of consciousness induced by the hypnotic agent propofol. Optimal data were obtained in 21 of the 30 healthy participants examined. A dynamic analysis of functional MRI time courses on a time-scale of seconds was conducted to characterize consciousness transition, and functional connectivity maps were generated to detail the anatomy of structures showing different dynamics. Inside the magnet, loss of consciousness was marked by the participants ceasing to move their hands. We observed activity synchronization after loss of consciousness within both the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. However, the evolution of functional MRI signal was dissociated, showing a transient reduction of global cortico-subcortical coupling that was restored during the unconscious state. An exception to cortico-subcortical decoupling was a brain network related to self-awareness (i.e., the default mode network) that remained connected to subcortical brain structures. Propofol-induced unconsciousness is thus characterized by an initial, transitory dissociated synchronization at the largest scale of brain activity. Such cortico-subcortical decoupling and subsequent re-coupling may allow the brain to detach from waking activity and reorganize into a functionally distinct state.

scholarly journals GABAA Receptor-Mediated Sleep-Promoting Effect of Saaz–Saphir Hops Mixture Containing Xanthohumol and Humulone

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7108
Author(s):  
Byungjick Min ◽  
Yejin Ahn ◽  
Hyeok-Jun Cho ◽  
Woong-Kwon Kwak ◽  
Hyung Joo Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Gabaa Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
The Brain

Hops contain flavonoids that have sedative and sleep-promoting activities such as α-acid, β-acid, and xanthohumol. In this study, the sleep-enhancing activity of a Saaz–Saphir hops mixture was measured. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, the administration of a Saaz–Saphir mixture increased the sleep time compared to Saaz or Saphir administration alone, which was attributed to the increase in NREM sleep time by the δ-wave increase. Oral administration of the Saaz–Saphir mixture for 3 weeks increased the γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) content in the brain and increased the expression of the GABAA receptor. As the GABA antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline showed a decrease in sleep activity, it was confirmed that the GABAA receptor was involved in the Saaz–Saphir mixture activity. In addition, the GABAA receptor antagonist also reduced the sleep activity induced by xanthohumol and humulone contained in the Saaz–Saphir mixture. Therefore, xanthohumol and humulone contained in the Saaz–Saphir mixture showed sleep-promoting activity mediated by the GABAA receptors. The mixture of the Saaz and Saphir hop varieties may thus help mitigate sleep disturbances compared to other hop varieties.

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