scholarly journals Doppler sonography of the corpus luteum during the oestrus cycle in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 6417-2020
Author(s):  
GABRIELE MARINO ◽  
FLAVIA PRUITI CIARELLO ◽  
MICHELANGELO LA SPISA ◽  
FRANCESCO MACRÌ ◽  
ALESSANDRA SFACTERIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference

Doppler ultrasound has recently emerged as one of the main innovations in cattle practice and has mainly found application in the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion (LBF). LBF has been evaluated during different phases of the oestrous cycle, but the technique is poorly standardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate visual and quantitative changes of size of corpus luteum (CL) and LBF in dairy cattle during an oestrous cycle at 2 follicular waves using colour flow mode (CFM) and power flow mode (PFM) doppler ultrasound. Ten Friesian cows were selected and synchronized. The CL was evaluated at 3/4-day intervals until the next oestrus onset. After identifying the spiral luteal artery entry at the base of the CL, multiple scans of the vertical plane at the maximum diameter of the CL from the apex to the base were recorded in B-mode, CFM and PFM for each cow and session. An Esaote Mylab vet 30 gold was employed with the following setting: pulse repetition frequency 2.1 (CFM) or 2.8 (PFM), gain 70%. The real area of CL (RACL) was calculated subtracting the area of the eventual inner cavity. The LBF was quantified off-line by means of a visual score and of an image analysis system (Digimizer 4.1). Student and Anova tests were used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as means and standard deviations. There were significant individual variations for the RACL and LBF when calculated in CFM. PFM minimized these variations, although, at day 15-16, it was also affected by individual factors (p < 0.01). The combined study of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle distinguished 3 phases: a phase of CL formation (3-4 days) with LBF of 0.3 ± 0.3 cm2 on a RACL of 3.1 ± 0.9 cm2, a central phase (7-16 days) with LBF of 0.7 ± 0.4 cm2 on a RACL of 4.8 ± 0.8 cm2 and a regression phase (19-20 days) with a minimum LBF of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm2 in a CL of 3.3 ± 0.6 cm2. According to this study, there is no significant difference of LBF from 7 to 16 days of the oestrus cycle; although the RACL significantly changes in this period, the dimensional variations are too thin to be clinically appreciated. However, this study contributed to defining the values of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle of dairy cattle.

Studies on Ovarian Follicular Dynamics and Steroid Profiles in Sahiwal Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinny Dodiyar ◽  
Parkash Singh Brar ◽  
Narinder Singh ◽  
Mrigank Honparkhe
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Background: Understanding of ovarian follicular dynamics and endocrine regulation is essential to design and use interventions to optimize reproductive efficiency. Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows have some differences in their follicular dynamics and ovarian steroidal hormones. The present study was planned to understand follicular dynamics vis-a-vis ovarian steroids profiles in Sahiwal cattle. Methods: The study was conducted in normal cyclic, pluriparous, non-lactating Sahiwal cows (n=7). Trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to record the location, size, number of follicles and size of corpus luteum (CL) from the beginning, till the end of experiment. The dataset was used to characterize the follicular wave emergence, growth, regression, time of selection and ovulation of the dominant follicle in each cow. Result: Three Sahiwal cows showed two wave and four cows showed three wave estrous cycles with mean interovulatory length of 20.33±0.33 and 22.50±0.28 days, respectively. No significant difference was recorded in the maximum diameter of corpus luteum, P4 and E2 plasma levels between 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycles. The peak progesterone values of 6.00±0.91 and 6.2±1.2 ng/ml and peak estradiol values of 15.83±0.60 and 14.31±0.44 ng/ml were recorded in 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle, respectively. The results showed that Sahiwal cows had 2-wave and 3-wave estrous cycle and the 3-wave estrous cycle had comparatively longer inter-ovulatory period and smaller maximum diameter of second wave dominant follicle than 2-wave estrous cycle.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological changes during the oestrous cycle in the mare

1941 ◽  
Vol 130 (858) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Dominant Part

The mares chosen for the investigation of the changes in the reproductive organs during the oestrous cycle were kept under observation for some time before they were killed. The duration of the heat period in these animals was 7 days and the length of the dioestrus was 16 days. Ovulation takes place at about a day before the end of oestrus. The size of the ovary during the oestrous cycle is chiefly influenced by the growing Graafian follicle. The number of follicles present at different stages varies greatly. The numerous small follicles present at the beginning of oestrus disappear later in the cycle; it is suggested that this may be due to the lack of follicle-stimulating hormone. The colour of the corpus luteum varies greatly at different stages of the cycle. The rupture of the follicle is associated with some bleeding. The active stage of the corpus luteum is very short, and the maximum diameter of the corpus luteum seems to be always below that of the Graafian follicle. The greater development of the Graafian follicle, with its secretion of oestrin, in the mare leads to its playing a more important role than in the cow and the sow, in which species the corpus luteum takes a m ore dominant part in the cycle. It appears that the much longer oestrus in the mare than in the cow is due to the longer time required by the follicle to come to the surface and to break through. This is probably due to the peculiar structure of the ovary in the mare, since the ovulation, which is spontaneous, can only occur in the small ovulation fossa. No pronounced secretion stage occurs during oestrus in the Fallopian tubes.

scholarly journals Study on Measurement Information of Bladder Tumor Measurement Based on Ultrasound Imaging Measurement Technology (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhua Shao ◽  
Aichun Sun ◽  
Hanwen Xue ◽  
Xianqiang Di ◽  
James Mills
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coincidence Rate ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bladder Tumours

BACKGROUND Background: Bladder cancer has the highest incidence of urinary tract tumours. At present, early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer is receiving more and more attention. Ultrasound is currently one of the most meaningful methods for early screening of bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE Objective: The objective is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography and cystoscopy in the diagnosis and detection of bladder tumors, as well as the detection rate of tumors in different number, location, and size. METHODS Methods: In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and cystoscopy in the diagnosis and detection of bladder tumours, and the detection rate of tumours in different numbers, locations, and sizes. Value. The paper retrospectively analysed 163 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumours in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2018 due to bladder tumours. Postoperative pathology of all patients were bladder urothelial tumours. All patients underwent bladder ultrasound and cystoscopy. RESULTS Results: The coincidence rate of colour Doppler ultrasound and cystoscopy in the diagnosis of single or multiple bladder tumours was found, and the results were not statistically different (P value> 0.05). For bladder tumours with a maximum diameter of> 10 mm, there was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic coincidence between colour Doppler ultrasound and cystoscopy (P value> 0.05). For bladder tumours with a maximum diameter of <10 mm, the diagnostic coincidence rate of cystoscopy was 92.68% (38/41), and the coincidence rate of transabdominal ultrasound was 70.73% (29/41). There was a statistical difference between cystoscopy and colour Doppler ultrasound (P Value <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler ultrasound to bladder tumor were lower than that of cystoscopy. There was no significant difference in the coincidence rate between colour Doppler ultrasound and cystoscopy in the diagnosis of single or multiple tumours. For tumours located in the bladder neck, the coincidence rate of colour Doppler ultrasound is better than cystoscopy. CLINICALTRIAL

39 Concentration of obestatin in different stages of ovarian activity in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
J. F. Torres-Simental ◽  
S. Romo-Garcia ◽  
A. L. Munguia-Ramirez ◽  
P. Luna-Nevarez
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Linear Transducer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the present study was to measure serum levels of obestatin by ELISA with the purpose of establishing parameters and being able to use it as an endocrine marker for the selection of reproductive characteristics of milk and beef cattle. In test 1, 15 Creole cows with genetic tendencies of Charolais, Angus, Brangus, and Gelbvieh were sampled in diestrus and 15 in proestrus, determining their structures with an Aloka Prosound ultrasound with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. In test 2, 16 Holstein cows were sampled in 2 different ovarian stages, diestrus and proestrus. The standardized technique was a bovine obestatin 96-well ELISA kit from My Biosource Inc. The data were analysed by measuring central tendency and linear regression, where the average levels of obestatin were related to the corpus luteum size and size and number of follicles in milk and beef cattle. We found average levels of 556.99 and 453.35 pg for beef and dairy cattle, respectively (P&lt;0.05). We also found a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in obestatin concentrations depending on the size of the follicles (751.74, 615.33, and 357.39 pg for follicles of 15, 10, and 5mm, respectively). We found a significant difference in concentration of obestatin (644.53, 550.69, and 455.88 pg; P&lt;0.05) for corpus luteum sizes of &gt;20mm, 10–20mm, and &lt;10mm, respectively. In dairy cattle, obestatin levels were also evaluated at different stages of the cycle, and we found concentrations of 414.79 pg in diestrus and 530.48 pg in proestrus (P&lt;0.05). We conclude that obestatin concentration is positively associated with a greater number and size of follicles as well as with larger corpus luteum because its effect on cell proliferation interacting positively with high levels of progesterone in the blood. We found higher concentrations in beef cattle than in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Corpus Luteum Vascularization in Recipient Mares by Using Color Doppler Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon De Vasconcelos Azevedo ◽  
Natália Matos Souza ◽  
Felipe Augusto Boudoux Martins Sales ◽  
José Carlos Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Maiana Silva Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Embryo transfer is one of the most commonly used reproductive biotechnique. The success of embryo transfer is also affected by the synchrony of estrus and ovulation between donor and recipient animals. In horse reproduction, ultrasonography has been used, among other purposes, to diagnose early pregnancy. However, only the color Doppler imaging mode makes it possible to evaluate the vascular architecture and the hemodynamic aspects of the vessels in several organs, especially the corpus luteum. The objective of this study was to evaluate, based on the color Doppler ultrasound, the corpus luteum vascularization and function from recipient mares at embryo transfer timing.Materials, Methods & Results: Mangalarga Machador mares from 5 to 10-year-old and a range of live weights of between 350 to 450 kg were used for this experiment, kept in pasture-based on mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and were given ad libitum access to water and mineral supplementation. The animals (n = 15) were gynecologically examined and uterine consistency was evaluated by rectal palpation the same operator using an ultrasound system (SonoScape®) with a linear transducer, and operating frequency ranging from 5 to 10 Mhz. The uterine tone was classified between grades 1 and 4 and subjected to ovulation induction. The objective and subjective vascular perfusion of the corpus luteum was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound on the day of embryo transfer and endometrium. The determination progesterone concentration on the day of the embryo transfer was performed by direct chemiluminescence assay. The arcsine (√P/100) transformation was applied to the percentage data, and the results were expressed as mean (.) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Further, the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity were verified, respectively, based on the Shapiro-Wilk and Lilliefors tests. Regarding the parametric and non-parametric variables, were applied, respectively, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters. The statistical program SPSS 16.0 was used to perform the over-mentioned analyses, and a p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Corpus luteum vascular perfusion, based on the objective and subjective evaluation methods, and the progesterone concentration were higher in the pregnant mares (P < 0.05). The objective and subjective methods for evaluation of the vascular perfusion in the corpus luteum were positively correlated between themselves as well as to progesterone concentration (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups considering the uterine tonus evaluation (P > 0.05).Discussion: Mares that later became pregnant showed a higher concentration of progesterone as an outcome of the higher vascularization in the corpus luteum. It can be supported by both the correlation between the progesterone concentration and the corpus luteum vascular perfusion, as well as by the higher values of the vascular perfusion in pregnant mares. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the color Doppler ultrasound evaluation is an accurate tool to determine the corpus luteum vascularization, whether considering the objective or subjective methods. Also, the vascular perfusion is the most efficient parameter to determine both the corpus luteum function and to predict the ability of the recipient mares to maintain pregnancy.

scholarly journals Soft tissue masses: distribution of entities and rate of malignancy in small lesions

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix G. Gassert ◽  
Florian T. Gassert ◽  
Katja Specht ◽  
Carolin Knebel ◽  
Ulrich Lenze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Malignancy Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Tissue Masses

Abstract Background Small soft tissue masses are often falsely assumed to be benign and resected with failure to achieve tumor-free margins. Therefore, this study retrospectively investigated the distribution of histopathologic diagnosis to be encountered in small soft tissue tumors (≤ 5 cm) in a large series of a tertiary referral center. Methods Patients with a soft tissue mass (STM) with a maximum diameter of 5 cm presenting at our institution over a period of 10 years, who had undergone preoperative Magnetic resonance imaging and consequent biopsy or/and surgical resection, were included in this study. A final histopathological diagnosis was available in all cases. The maximum tumor diameter was determined on MR images by one radiologist. Moreover, tumor localization (head/neck, trunk, upper extremity, lower extremity, hand, foot) and depth (superficial / deep to fascia) were assessed. Results In total, histopathologic results and MR images of 1753 patients were reviewed. Eight hundred seventy patients (49.63%) showed a STM ≤ 5 cm and were therefore included in this study (46.79 +/− 18.08 years, 464 women). Mean maximum diameter of the assessed STMs was 2.88 cm. Of 870 analyzed lesions ≤ 5 cm, 170 (19.54%) were classified as superficial and 700 (80.46%) as deep. The malignancy rate of all lesions ≤ 5 cm was at 22.41% (superficial: 23.53% / deep: 22.14%). The malignancy rate dropped to 16.49% (20.79% / 15.32%) when assessing lesions ≤ 3 cm (p = 0.007) and to 15.0% (18.18% / 13.79%) when assessing lesions ≤ 2 cm (p = 0.006). Overall, lipoma was the most common benign lesion of superficial STMs (29.41%) and tenosynovial giant cell tumor was the most common benign lesion of deep STMs (23.29%). Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was the most common malignant diagnosis among both, superficial (5.29%) and deep (3.57%) STMs. Conclusions The rate of malignancy decreased significantly with tumor size in both, superficial and deep STMs. The distribution of entities was different between superficial and deep STMs, yet there was no significant difference found in the malignancy rate.

Indomethacin treatment prevents prolactin-induced luteolysis in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Sánchez-Criado ◽  
K. Ochiai ◽  
I. Rothchild
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Silicone Elastomer ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indomethacin Treatment

ABSTRACT Adult female rats were hypophysectomized and their pituitary glands autotransplanted beneath the left kidney capsule on day 2 (day 1 was the day of ovulation). In such rats the pituitary secretes prolactin fairly constantly and the corpora lutea secrete progesterone for several months. To induce the luteolytic effect of prolactin the rats were first injected s.c. with 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) on cycle days 12, 13 and 14 (i.e. 10, 11 and 12 days after operation) to depress prolactin secretion, and then with CB-154 vehicle (70% ethanol) daily until cycle day 21, to allow prolactin secretion to resume. One ovary was removed from each rat on day 15 and the remaining one on day 22. The mean (± s.e.m.) weight of the corpora lutea on day 15 was 1·46±0·06 mg and 0·98±0·07 mg on day 22 (n = 17). In contrast, rats in which the CB-154 treatment was maintained to day 21 had corpora lutea which weighed 1·31 ±0·09 on day 15 and 1·47 ±0·08 mg on day 22 (n = 15). To investigate whether indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, affected the luteolytic action of prolactin, the experiment was repeated, but on day 15 (after the removal of one ovary) the groups in which CB-154 treatment was stopped, as well as the group in which CB-154 treatment was maintained, were each divided into two groups. In one, indomethacin-containing silicone elastomer wafers and, in the other, blank silicone elastomer wafers, were placed within the bursa of the remaining ovary. There were no differences in corpus luteum weight on day 15 among any of these groups and the two groups of the first experiment. There was no significant difference in corpus luteum weight between day 15 and day 22 in any of the six groups except for the two groups treated with the CB-154 vehicle and not with indomethacin. Thus, treatment with indomethacin prevented the fall in corpus luteum weight associated with the discontinuation of CB-154 treatment. Serum prolactin levels fell until day 15 in all rats and remained low in those in which the CB-154 treatment was maintained to day 21, but returned to control values in those treated with vehicle after day 14. Serum progesterone levels fell and remained low in all groups. Indomethacin treatment had no effect on the levels of either serum prolactin or progesterone. We conclude that some of the pharmacological effects of indomethacin are to prevent prolactin-induced luteolysis, and we suggest that prolactin induces rapid regression of the corpus luteum by stimulating intraluteal prostaglandin production or by being necessary for the effect of luteolytic prostaglandins. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 317–322

Comparative Study of Deep Vein Thrombosis Recanalization Using Doppler Ultrasound in Different Post-Treatment Intervals in Traumatic Patients

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Farshchian ◽  
Negin Farshchian ◽  
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sonographic Diagnosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Comparative Examination

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent vascular disease characterized by pelvic and limb deep vein thrombophlebitis, and it has a high incidence in traumatic patients. Contrary to older studies, recent research has reported that recanalization in DVT is not a slow process. The present study aimed at the comparative examination of DVT recanalization with Doppler ultrasound in different intervals following treatment with heparin or enoxaparin. This prospective study was conducted on all traumatic patients hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran, with the clinical and sonographic diagnosis of DVT in limb veins. Doppler ultrasound was performed two weeks, one month, and three months following treatment in order to examine recanalization. Data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS16 at the significance level of <0.05. Based on Doppler ultrasound, a significant difference was found between the degree of recanalization in patients aged <45 years and those aged >45 years, between male and female patients, and between different DVT locations (P<0.05). After three months of treatment with heparin and enoxaparin, the degree of recanalization was increased in DVT. Moreover, it was found that Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool for the diagnosis of recanalization in patients with DVT.

scholarly journals Determination of the Optimal Syndesmosis Fixation Angle Using Mortise View of The Ankle Joint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuzhan Tanoğlu ◽  
İzzet Özay Subaşı ◽  
Mehmet Burak Gökgöz
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal View ◽  
Mortise View

Background: Syndesmosis is an important soft tissue component supporting the ankle stability and commonly injured accompanying with ankle fractures. The accurate reduction and fixation of syndesmosis is essential to obtain better functional results. Therefore, we aimed to find a practical method using the mortise view of ankle to determine the optimal syndesmosis fixation angle intraoperatively. Methods: We randomly selected 200 adults (100 women and 100 men) between 18 - 60 years of age. Three-dimensional anatomical models of tibia and fibula were created using Materialise MIMICS 21. We created a best fit plane on articular surface of medial malleolus and a ninety degrees vertical plane to medial malleolus plane. We determined two splines on cortical borders of tibia and fibula distant from the most superior point of ankle joint in horizontal view. We created two spheres that fit to the predefined splines. The optimal syndesmosis fixation angle was determined measuring the angle between the line connecting the center points of spheres, and the ninety degrees vertical plane to medial malleolus plane. Results: We observed no statistically significant difference between gender groups in terms of optimal syndesmosis fixation angles. The mean age of our study population was 47.1 {plus minus} 10.5. The optimal syndesmosis fixation angle according to mortise view was found as 21 {plus minus} 4.3 degrees. Conclusions: We determined the optimal syndesmosis fixation angle as 21 {plus minus} 4.3 degrees in accordance with the mortise view of ankle. The surgeon could evaluate the whole articular surface of ankle joint with the medial and lateral syndesmotic space in mortise view accurately and at the same position syndesmosis fixation could be performed at 21 {plus minus} 4.3 degrees.

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