scholarly journals Irrigation water regime and manure extract for wheat production grown under drip irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-318
Author(s):  
M. AbdElgalil ◽  
A. Abdel-Gawad
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Wheat Production

IRRIGATION SCHEDULE OF LONG-FRUIT CUCUMBERS AND HYDROAMELIORATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIP IRRIGATION IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Rumiana Kireva ◽  
Roumen Gadjev
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Efficient Water Use

The deficit of the irrigation water requires irrigation technologies with more efficient water use. For cucumbers, the most suitable is the drip irrigation technology. For establishing of the appropriate irrigation schedule of cucumbers under the soil and climate conditions in the village of Chelopechene, near Sofia city, the researchеs was conducted with drip irrigation technology, adopting varying irrigation schedules and hydraulic regimes - from fully meeting the daily crops water requirements cucumbers to reduced depths with 20% and 40%. It have been established irrigation schedule with adequate pressure flows in the water source, irrigation water productivity and yields of in plastic unheated greenhouses of the Sofia plant.

scholarly journals The influence of irrigation methods on the water regime and productivity of greenhouse tomatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
G. M. Mustafaev ◽  
A. A. Magomedova ◽  
S. M. Mursalov ◽  
A. Ch. Sapukova ◽  
M. M. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Relevance. The water regime is one of the main processes in the life of the plant, optimizing which can increase the yield of cultivated crops. In protected ground conditions, the plants' water needs are met exclusively by irrigation. Irrigation is the most important means of increasing the yield of greenhouse crops, including tomato. Greenhouse tomatoes are very demanding on soil moisture, as well as on air humidity. To combat overheating of the air and plants, and to increase the relative humidity of the air in greenhouses, plants for evaporative cooling and humidification of plants are successfully used, which are especially effective in drip irrigation. The combination of drip irrigation with evaporative cooling makes it possible to control the water regime of the soil and air habitat of plants.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: to identify the most optimal method of water supply for greenhouse tomatoes. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the greenhouse complex "Yugagroholding", located in the suburbs of the city of Makhachkala. The object of research was a hybrid of tomato Mei shuai. The experiments included three options: sprinkling, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with evaporative cooling.Results. The comparative characteristics of irrigation methods by yield are presented, the results of which indicate the advantage of the second and third options over sprinkling: the highest yield was obtained in the third option and amounted to 14.7 kg/m2 . The best methods of water supply that ensure the optimal water regime of greenhouse tomatoes are identified-drip irrigation and drip irrigation in combination with evaporative cooling, the latter is the best in most indicators. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Uptake and Root Distribution of Cherry Trees Under Different Irrigation Methods

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingfeng Li ◽  
Huang Tan ◽  
Jiahang Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Cao ◽  
Peiling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

Although water-saving measures are increasingly being adopted in orchards, little is known about how different irrigation methods enhance water use efficiency at the root system level. To study the allocation of water sources of water absorption by cherry roots under two irrigation methods, surface irrigation and drip irrigation, oxygen isotope tracing and root excavation were used in this study. We found that different irrigation methods have different effects on the average δ18O content of soil water in the soil profile. The IsoSource model was applied to calculate the contribution rate of water absorption by cherry roots under these irrigation methods. During the drought period in spring (also a key period of water consumption for cherry trees), irrigation water was the main source of water absorbed by cherry roots. In summer, cherry roots exhibited a wide range of water absorption sources. In this case, relative to the surface irrigation mode, the drip irrigation mode demonstrated higher irrigation water use efficiency. After two years of the above experiment, root excavation was used to analyze the effects of these irrigation methods on the distribution pattern of roots. We found that root distribution is mainly affected by soil depth. The root system indexes in 10–30 cm soil layer differ significantly from those in other soil layers. Drip irrigation increased the root length density (RLD) and root surface area (RSA) in the shallow soil. There was no significant difference in root biomass density (RBD) and root volume ratio (RVR) between the two irrigation treatments. The effects of these irrigation methods on the 2D distribution of cherry RBD, RLD, RSA and RVR, which indicated that the cherry roots were mainly concentrated in the horizontal depths of 20 to 100 cm, which was related to the irrigation wet zone. In the current experiment, more than 85% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with horizontal radius of 0 to 100 cm and vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm; above 95% of cherry roots were distributed in the space with the horizontal radius of 0 to 150 cm and the vertical depth of 0 to 80 cm. Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation makes RLD and RSA more concentrated in the horizontal range of 30–100 cm and vertical range of 0–70 cm.

scholarly journals Potential and Actual Water Savings through Improved Irrigation Scheduling in Small-Scale Vegetable Production

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Studer ◽  
Simon Spoehel
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Appropriate irrigation scheduling for efficient water use is often a challenge for small-scale farmers using drip irrigation. In a trial with 12 farmers in Sébaco, Nicaragua, two tools to facilitate irrigation scheduling were tested: the Water Chart (a table indicating required irrigation doses) and tensiometers. The study aimed at evaluating if and to what extent simple tools can reduce irrigation water use and improve water productivity in drip-irrigated vegetable (beetroot; Beta vulgaris L.) production compared with the farmers’ usual practice. Irrigation water use was substantially reduced (around 20%) when farmers irrigated according to the tools. However, farmers did not fully adhere to the tool guidance, probably because they feared that their crop would not get sufficient water. Thus they still over-irrigated their crop: between 38% and 88% more water than recommended was used during the treatment period, resulting in 91% to 139% higher water use than required over the entire growing cycle. Water productivity of beetroot production was, therefore, much lower (around 3 kg/m3) than what can be achieved under comparable conditions, although yields were decent. Differences in crop yield and water productivity among treatments were not significant. The simplified Water Chart was not sufficiently understandable to farmers (and technicians), whereas tensiometers were better perceived, although they do not provide any indication on how much water to apply. We conclude that innovations such as drip irrigation or improved irrigation scheduling have to be appropriately introduced, e.g., by taking sufficient time to co-produce a common understanding about the technologies and their possible usefulness, and by ensuring adequate follow-up support.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Salinity and Sodicity in Arid Climate Following Long Term Brackish Water Drip Irrigated Olive Orchard

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rohit Katuri ◽  
Pavel Trifonov ◽  
Gilboa Arye
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Drip Line ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Olive Orchard

The availability of brackish groundwater in the Negev Desert, Israel has motivated the cultivation of various salinity tolerant crops, such as olives trees. The long term suitability of surface drip irrigation (DI) or subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in arid regions is questionable, due to salinity concerns, in particular, when brackish irrigation water is employed. Nevertheless, DI and SDI have been adopted as the main irrigation methods in olive orchards, located in the Negev Desert. Reports on continued reduction in olive yields and, essentially, olive orchard uprooting are the motivation for this study. Specifically, the main objective is to quantify the spatial distribution of salinity and sodicity in the active root-zone of olive orchards, irrigated with brackish water (electrical conductivity; EC = 4.4 dS m−1) for two decades using DI and subsequently SDI. Sum 246 soil samples, representing 2 m2 area and depths of 60 cm, in line and perpendicular to the drip line, were analyzed for salinity and sodicity quantities. A relatively small leaching-zone was observed below the emitters depth (20 cm), with EC values similar to the irrigation water. However, high to extreme EC values were observed between nearby emitters, above and below the dripline. Specifically, in line with the dripline, EC values ranged from 10 to 40 dS m−1 and perpendicular to it, from 40 to 120 dS m−1. The spatial distribution of sodicity quantities, namely, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, (meq L−1)0.5) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) resembled the one obtained for the EC. In line with the dripline, from 15 to 30 (meq L−1)0.5 and up to 27%, in perpendicular to the drip line from 30 to 60 (meq L−l)0.5 and up to 33%. This study demonstrates the importance of long terms sustainable irrigation regime in arid regions in particular under DI or SDI. Reclamation of these soils with gypsum, for example, is essential. Any alternative practices, such as replacing olive trees and the further introduction of even high salinity tolerant plants (e.g., jojoba) in this region will intensify the salt buildup without leaving any option for soil reclamation in the future.

Special features of drip-sprinkler irrigation technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Plant Root System

Irrigation techniques and technology based on principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer (surface irrigation, regular sprinkler irrigation) are most common in science and in practice. More progressive is principle of non-stop water supply of plants and soil in conformity to their water consumption. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling are based on this principle. The main advantage of drip irrigation is establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system. However, such irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high air temperatures (over 25–35 °С), as growing process of several agricultural plants is known to slow down at 30–35 °С and photosynthesis, consequently, stops, which, in turn, affects plants yielding capacity. Sprinkling irrigation provides improvement of both microclimate in plant's environment and their water regime. Combination of drip and sprinkling irrigation permits the positive characteristics of each individual technology to be united, and to remove a series of disadvantages of their separate use as well as to use drip-sprinkler irrigation technology to create optimal conditions for plant development. Drip-sprinkler irrigation technology facilitates saving of irrigation water through drip irrigation in the main vegetation period and through improvement of microclimate and water regime of agricultural plants with additional sprinkling irrigation within the period of high temperatures and low air humidity that affects the growing process and increases yielding capacity of grown cultures.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Water Salinity on Maize (Zea may L.) Emergence, Growth, Yield, Quality, and Soil Salt

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Chen ◽  
Jin ◽  
Wang ◽  
Du
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soil Salt ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Freshwater shortage is becoming one of the major limiting factors for the sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas of north China. A two-year field experiment about mulched drip irrigation on maize was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District with five irrigation water salinity levels (total dissolved solids; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g·L−1). The effects of irrigation water salinity on maize emergence, growth, yield, grain quality, and soil salt were determined. The results indicated that with the soil matric potential of -20 kPa and irrigation quota for each application of 22.5 mm, the irrigation water salinity showed negative influence on maize emergence and maize morphological characteristics (plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter, and dry matter), as irrigation water salt concentrations exceeded 3 g·L−1. The water use efficiency decreased linearly with the irrigation water salinity raised from 1 g·L−1 to 5 g·L−1, while maize grain protein increased and starch content decreased with the increase of irrigation water salt contents. Additionally, both the vertical radius and horizontal radius of salt isoline by mulched drip irrigation reduced with the irrigation water salt concentrations, when the irrigation water salinity was above 3 g·L−1. Summarily, irrigation water salinity of 3 g·L−1 was recommended for maize mulched drip irrigation in this study.

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