EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TURMERIC IN LOWERING BLOOD LIPID LEVELS AND GLUCOSE IN RATS FED HIGH-FAT DIETS

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, hybrid palm (HP) oil, or olive (O) oil in liver. Twenty-four male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP, or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a control (C) group fed a chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh–Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (hematoxylin–eosin) and transcriptome (microarray-based) were performed. ANOVA tests with Newman–Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in the P group (p < 0.001) and body fat in the O group (C vs. O p ≤ 0.01, P vs. O p ≤ 0.05, HP vs. O p ≤ 0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed the blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase (p ≤ 0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76 ± 1.58), followed by P (33.94 ± 1.13). O had a fat amount comparable to C (16.46 ± 0.34, 14.71 ± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of the O group were related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, the P group to calcium ion homeostasis, and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concerns about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.

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Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061733 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 905-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Zhen-Yu Du ◽

Pierre Clouet ◽

Wen-Hui Zheng ◽

Pascal Degrace ◽

Li-Xia Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linolenic Acid ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Mesenteric Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

High-fat diets may have favourable effects on growth of some carnivorous fish because of the protein-sparing effect of lipids, but high-fat diets also exert some negative impacts on flesh quality. The goal of the study was therefore to determine the effects of fat-enriched diets in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a typical herbivorous fish on growth and possible lipid metabolism alterations. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 2, 6 or 10% of a mixture of lard, maize oil and fish oil (1:1:1, by weight) were applied to fish for 8 weeks in a recirculation system. Data show that feeding diets with increasing lipid levels resulted in lowered feed intake, decreased growth and feed efficiency, and increased mesenteric fat tissue weight. Concomitantly, alteration of lipoprotein synthesis and greater level of lipid peroxidation were apparent in blood. In liver, muscle and mesenteric fat tissue, the percentages of α-linolenic acid and DHA were significantly increased or tended to increase with higher dietary lipid levels. Biochemical activity measurements performed on liver showed that, with the increase in dietary lipid level, there was a decrease in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacities, which might contribute, at least in part, to the specific accumulation of α-linolenic acid and DHA into cells more active in membrane building. On the whole, grass carp have difficulty in energetically utilising excess dietary fat, especially when enriched in n−3 PUFA that are susceptible to peroxidation.

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Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-017-0293-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Si Qin ◽

Lifan Huang ◽

Jiaojiao Gong ◽

Shasha Shen ◽

Juan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Blood Lipid Levels

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Effect ofSiraitia GrosvenoriiPolysaccharide on Glucose and Lipid of Diabetic Rabbits Induced by Feeding High Fat/High Sucrose Chow

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2007/67435 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Guo-Ping Lin ◽

Tao Jiang ◽

Xiao-Bo Hu ◽

Xin-Hui Qiao ◽

Qin-Hui Tuo

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽

Diabetic Rabbits ◽

High Sucrose ◽

Blood Lipid Levels

TheSiraitia grosvenoriipolysaccharide (SGP) from theSiraitia grosvenorii(Swingle) was isolated and purified. The therapeutic effects of SGP on diabetic rabbits induced by feeding high fat/high sucrose chow were studied. After administration of SGP for 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), plasma insulin levels (INS), plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HDL-C were assayed. The results showed that administration of SGP can significantly decrease plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels; and increase HDL-C levels after 4 weeks of treatment. The antihyperglycaemic effect of SGP at dose of 100 mg⋅kg−1bw was the most significant in three dosage groups. Furthermore, SGP could restore the blood lipid levels of diabetic rabbits (P<.05). These data indicate that SGP not only ameliorates the lipid disorder, but also lowers plasma glucose levels. So SGP have obvious glucose-lowering effect on hyperglycaemic rabbits induced by feeding high fat/high sucrose chow, its mechanism may be related to amelioration of lipid metabolism and restoring the blood lipid levels of hyperglycaemic rabbits.

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Diets Enriched in Fish-Oil or Seal-Oil have Distinct Effects on Lipid Levels and Peroxidation in BioF1B Hamsters

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights ◽

10.4137/nmi.s6728 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. NMI.S6728 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Pratibha Dubey ◽

Anura P. Jayasooriya ◽

Sukhinder K. CheemaΨ

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Positional Distribution ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Hepatic Lipids ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Seal Oil ◽

Fat Diets ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Aim Fish-oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are mostly esterified to the sn-2 position of triglycerides, while in seal-oil triglycerides, these are mostly esterified to the sn-1 and −3 positions. We investigated whether fish-oil and seal-oil feeding has a different effect on the regulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in BioF1B hamsters. Methods BioF1B hamsters were fed high fat diets rich in fish-oil or seal-oil for 4 weeks, and fasted for 14 hours prior to blood and tissue collection. Results Plasma and hepatic lipids and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly lower in seal-oil-fed hamsters as compared to those fed fish-oil. There was a selective hindrance of clearance of lipids in fish-oil-fed hamsters as reflected by higher levels of plasma apoB48. Conclusion Differences in the fatty acid composition and positional distribution of n-3 PUFAs in triglycerides of fish-oil and seal-oil are suggested to trigger metabolic differences.

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Dietary and Pharmacologic Manipulations of Host Lipids and Their Interaction With the Gut Microbiome in Non-human Primates

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.646710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Lang ◽

Leslie R. Sedgeman ◽

Lei Cai ◽

Joseph D. Layne ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acids ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Total Bile Acids

The gut microbiome influences nutrient processing as well as host physiology. Plasma lipid levels have been associated with the microbiome, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, and the effects of dietary lipids on the gut microbiome in humans are not well-studied. We used a compilation of four studies utilizing non-human primates (Chlorocebus aethiops and Macaca fascicularis) with treatments that manipulated plasma lipid levels using dietary and pharmacological techniques, and characterized the microbiome using 16S rDNA. High-fat diets significantly reduced alpha diversity (Shannon) and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to chow diets, even when the diets had different compositions and were applied in different orders. When analyzed for differential abundance using DESeq2, Bulleidia, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Coprocacillus, Lachnospira, Blautia, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira were greater in both chow diets while Succinivibrio, Collinsella, Streptococcus, and Lactococcus were greater in both high-fat diets (oleic blend or lard fat source). Dietary cholesterol levels did not affect the microbiome and neither did alterations of plasma lipid levels through treatments of miR-33 antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-33), Niemann–Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), and inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) ASO. However, a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist shifted the microbiome and decreased bile acid levels. Fifteen genera increased with the LXR agonist, while seven genera decreased. Pseudomonas increased on the LXR agonist and was negatively correlated to deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and total bile acids while Ruminococcus was positively correlated with taurolithocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid. Seven of the nine bile acids identified in the feces significantly decreased due to the LXR agonist, and total bile acids (nmol/g) was reduced by 62%. These results indicate that plasma lipid levels have, at most, a modest effect on the microbiome, whereas bile acids, derived in part from plasma lipids, are likely responsible for the indirect relationship between lipid levels and the microbiome.

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Effect of Armillaria mellea on Blood Lipid Levels and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in High Fat Mice

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.423 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 884-885 ◽

pp. 423-428

Author(s):

Yan Hui Yang ◽

Guo Qiang Zheng ◽

Juan Tang ◽

Yue Meng Wang ◽

Chuan Wang Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Model Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Armillaria Mellea ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Lipid Levels

The effect of Armillaria mellea on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in mice fed on high-fat diet was investigated. Animals were allocated to the Armillaria mellea polysaccharides-treatment groups (I, II) and Armillaria mellea oligosaccharides-treatment groups (I, II). All mice were fed with high-fat diet for 40 days but control mice with basic diet. TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c were measured by enzymatic and colorimetric methods. The same, MDA,SOD, GSH-PX were measured. Results showed that administration of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides and oligosaccharides significantly increased antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px activities and decreased TC, TG, LDL-c, MDA level in mice (P < 0.05) compared with model group. In conclusion Armillaria mellea polysaccharides and oligosaccharides were able to protect mices antioxidative and improve abnormal blood lipid levels.

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