scholarly journals The phenomenon of New Knowledge in the conceptual framework of the philosophy of science

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pruzhinin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

The article, as a result of the analysis of the philosophical and methodological content of the new knowledge and dynamics of science concepts, substantiates the thesis about the necessity to radically shift the research priorities of the modern philosophy of science. The author critically evaluates the current methodological potential of the philosophy of science, which has developed on the basis of postpositivist concepts of scientific knowledge, and he attempts to outline the philosophical-methodological problems associated with modern scientific trends. According to the author, attention on the philosophy of science should be focused today, first of all, on interdisciplinary research programs that are implemented in the most popular and advanced areas of scientific knowledge. Within these programs, it is not the theoretical constructions (and their relationships), but the disciplinary structures of knowledge that act as the main cognitive unit of the organization of knowledge. Thus, to the fore of the philosophical-methodological approaches come the tasks related to the search and the analysis of methodological guidelines that provide cognitively effective communication (mutual understanding) of scientists within collaborations, i. e. interdisciplinary scientific teams. The author believes that the epistemological perspectives of comprehension and methodological development of such guidelines open up when referring to the cultural-historical dimensions of scientific knowledge. It is the cultural-historical epistemology that takes into account the existential, motivational attitudes of the scientist, which at the same time assume methodologically significant parameters of scientific research (the style of scientific thinking, the dignity of knowledge, and the historical continuity of science as a cultural phenomenon). As a result, the cultural-historical epistemology opens up the possibility of an effective methodological orientation of the most important areas in modern science.

The Theory of Social Relay by M.A. Rozov: Pathway for Understanding

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
Nataliya I. Kuznetsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New World ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article analyzes the problems of modern epistemology in the context of pre­senting the views and philosophical heritage of the famous Russian philosopher Mikhail Alexandrovich Rozov. The relevance of the theory of social relay devel­oped by him and the corresponding “wave” ontology, especially in the period of thematic, terminological and substantial transformations of modern epistemo­logy, is shown. The author carry out the idea that without solving the ontological and methodological problems of the empirical analysis of scientific knowledge, it is impossible to correctly investigate knowledge. The article describes in detail the logic of Rozov’s reasoning, and also demonstrates the scale of M.A. Rozov on the reforming of epistemology and philosophy of science, on the formulation of an urgent agenda, problems, goals and objectives of the study of knowledge. The bottom line is that understanding semiotic objects (scientific knowledge) as phenomena of social memory, which are reproduced according to direct or indi­rect (verbalized) patterns, opens a new world of social relay races. The broad ap­plicability of Rozov’s theory in various empirical contexts is demonstrated, which allows discussing both traditional and modern philosophical and method­ological problems of the natural and socio-humanitarian sciences, as well as in epistemology and philosophy of science.

Towards the Reform of the System of Epistemological Goals and Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Porus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

Cultural and historical epistemology is not only a special branch of philosophical researches of science, but also the base of reform of a system of the epistemological categories expressing the purposes and values of scientific knowledge. Its need follows from the nature of development of modern science. Preservation of the traditional epistemological categories applied to the analysis of this development results in rough relativism. This danger can be eliminated, having developed the holistic system of epistemological values proceeding from the principle of historicism and “collective” understanding of the subject of scientific knowledge. Both of these bases allow to disclose historical and cultural conditionality of processes of scientific research and broadcast of their results. Such purposes and values of science as the truth and the objectivity of knowledge have historical measurement: they exist only in the course of continuous emergence and destruction, being affected by cultural factors. The collectivity of the subject of scientific knowledge is defined together with concepts of a “transcendental” and “individual and empirical” subject according to the principle of complementarity (N. Bohr) finding an epistemological transcription. The possibilities of political subjectivity of science in connection with the epistemological investigations from participation of scientific communities in political structures and movements are considered.

Weapons Research and the Form of Scientific Knowledge

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 237-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Funding Research

From time immemorial all weapons have been a product of human knowledge. Today the relationship is reciprocal. A great deal of the new knowledge being created at this moment is a product of weaponry. The transition occurred in World War ll, and, in the West, was institutionalized by the new ways of funding research and development put in place in 1945-47 in the U.S.A.Presumably this makes some difference to what we find out. Brains and equipment are dedicated to the production of knowledge and technologies useful in time of war. Our Physical Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, Indexus Medicus — our repositories of references to new knowledge — would look very different if we had different research priorities. That means that the content of our new knowledge is much influenced by the choice of where to deploy the best minds of our generation.

Bachelard, Lacan and the Impurity of Scientific Formalization

Paragraph ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-337
Author(s):  
Tom Eyers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
Lacanian Theory

This essay examines the conjunction of French historical epistemology and Lacanian theory in postwar France. In particular, Lacan's account of scientific formalization is scrutinized insofar as it develops aspects of the prior epistemological research of Gaston Bachelard, whose innovative approach to the problem of the nature and limits of scientific knowledge proved so influential on the subsequent field of French structuralism. Lacan's reflections on formalization will be shown, in contrast to Bachelard, to place an emphasis on the constitutive and limiting role of language in its interaction with logical and scientific projects. In asking how Lacan's structural psychoanalysis extends and subverts the rationalist emphasis of French philosophy of science, I hope to provide a new optic through which to assess the role of formalization in critical theory today.

The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Theoretical Science

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.

Geocartographic thinking in modern science

2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
A.K. Cherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Thematic Layer

The purpose of the study is to show how the features of geocartographic way of thinking are manifested in the meta-theory of knowledge based on mathematical formalisms. General cartographic concepts and regularities are considered in the view of metatheoretic analysis using cognitive procedures of fiber bundle from differential geometry. On levels of metainformation generalization, the geocartographic metatheoretic approach to the study of reality is higher than the system-theoretical one. It regulates the type of equations, models, and methods of each intertheory expressed in its own system terms. There is a balance between the state of any system and its geographical environment; therefore the observed phenomena are only explained theoretically in a metatheoretic projection on the corresponding system-thematic layer of the knowledge map. Metatheoretic research enables passing from the systematization of already known patterns to the formation of new knowledge through the scientific stratification of reality. General methods of metatheoretic analysis are mathematically distinguished

scholarly journals Interactions between global processes and local health problems. A human ecology approach to health among indigenous groups in the Amazon

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl) ◽  
pp. S115-S126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maj-Lis Follér
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
New Knowledge

This article deals with methodological issues and how to link global processes - social and ecological - with environmental changes and human health in local communities. The discussion concerns how interdisciplinary approaches can help us find tools to develop new knowledge. Scientific knowledge and local knowledge are not seen as opposite epistemological forms, but as socially and culturally constructed. Power and social legitimacy have to be included when analyzing how to deal with the interaction between global processes and local environmental change and the health/disease interface.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Public Health Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. RV1-RV5
Author(s):  
Sahrish Tariq ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Preety Gupta ◽  
Aditi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Human Element ◽  
New Knowledge

The educational needs must drive the development of the appropriate technology”. They should not be viewed as toys for enthusiasts. Nevertheless, the human element must never be dismissed. Scientific research will continue to offer exciting technologies and effective treatments. For the profession and the patients, it serves to benefit fully from modern science, new knowledge and technologies must be incorporated into the mainstream of dental education. The technologies of modern science have astonished and intrigued our imagination. Correct diagnosis is the key to a successful clinical practice. In this regard, adequately trained neural networks can be a boon to diagnosticians, especially in conditions having multifactorial etiology.

Constructing the Subject: South African Psychological Research before World War II

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Louw ◽  
Julie Binedell ◽  
Welmoet Brimmer ◽  
Pindi Mabena ◽  
Annemarie Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South African ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Thirty-three journal articles reporting empirical findings published by South African psychologists before 1939 were examined to establish the dominant research models of the time. Danziger's study provided the initial impetus as well as methodological guidelines. Findings indicate that three models of research were present, but that one, the Galtonian form of experimentation, soon dominated the field. One possible explanation is to be found in the early involvement of South African psychologists in applied and practical matters. Thus an investigative practice which enabled psychologists to develop knowledge which was relevant to the needs of socially important markets, and still be acceptable as ‘scientific’ knowledge, had significant advantages over rival investigative practices.

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