Design and Performance of Small Scale Solar Powered Water Desalination Systems, Utilizing Reverse Osmosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Franc¸a ◽  
H. M. Laborde ◽  
H. Neff
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Power Needs

A small scale solar powered desalination system has been designed, analyzed, and optimized with regard to power needs and energy consumption. Both quantities scale linearly with the concentration of the total dissolved salt concentration (TDS) in the feed solution. The desalination of brackish water at a TDS value of 3,000 ppm requires an energy of approximately 1.5 kWh/m3. For seawater at a TDS value of 34,000 ppm, this value increases to 9.5 kWh/m3. The selected type of membrane, the system design, and, in particular, the efficiency of the high pressure pump crucially affect energy consumption. The desalination cost also has been estimated for a small scale system that linearly scale with the TDS value of the feed water. [S0199-6231(00)00104-0]

Cost-Effectiveness of Solar-Powered LED Reading Lamps in Burkina Faso

2013 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Reading Test Scores ◽  
One Year ◽  
6Th Graders

A small-scale project to induce more reading among 5th and 6th graders in rural Burkina Faso by providing them with solar-powered LED lamps indeed increased reading for students in villages without preexisting libraries, but did not affect reading capabilities. The research aimed to establish the magnitude of effects after one year when 10-14 year-olds in rural African villages with small community libraries were given solar-powered lamps for night reading. The effects measured were reading habits (how much did students read?) and reading capabilities (how well could students read and comprehend what they read?). Once village effects were controlled, the lamps had statistically significant effects on reading habits for students in villages without preexisting libraries. The effect sizes were modest, ranging from .20 to .25. There were no effects on reading test scores. A cost-effectiveness metric to use for comparing with other studies of education interventions then is that expenditure of $1 per student on a solar-powered LED reading lamp distribution program generated about a 1% increase in reading, with no apparent effect on reading capabilities.

Development of a Low-Cost Solar-Powered Water Supply System for Small-Scale Drip Irrigation Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa: Dosing Tank and Bell Siphon Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 05018003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Oppong Danso ◽  
Thomas Atta-Darkwa ◽  
Finn Plauborg ◽  
Edward Benjamin Sabi ◽  
Yvonne Kugblenu-Darrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Solar Powered

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of small scale axial and radial turbines for solar powered Brayton cycle application

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 672-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Daabo ◽  
Saad Mahmoud ◽  
Raya K. Al-Dadah ◽  
Ayad M. Al Jubori ◽  
Ali Bhar Ennil
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Radial Turbines

scholarly journals Validation of an Analytical Model to Lower the Cost of Solar-Powered Drip Irrigation Systems for Smallholder Farmers in the Mena Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Grant ◽  
Carolyn Sheline ◽  
Susan Amrose ◽  
Elizabeth Brownell ◽  
Vinay Nangia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract Drip irrigation is a micro-irrigation technology that has been shown to conserve water and significantly increase crop yield. This technology could be particularly beneficial to the world’s estimated 500 million smallholder farmers, but drip systems tend to be financially inaccessible to this population. Drip systems require costly components including a pipe network, emitters, a pump and power system. Due to limited access to electricity, many smallholder farmers would require off-grid solutions. Designing reliable, low cost, off-grid drip irrigation systems for smallholder farms could significantly reduce the barrier to adoption. This paper builds on an integrated solar-powered drip irrigation model that was shown to improve upon an existing software. Field trials of the small-scale drip system were conducted on research farms in Jordan and Morocco for a full growing season. Data collected from these field trials are used to validate the hydraulics portion of the systems-level model. In addition, the insights gained from the field trials were formed into design requirements for future iterations of the model. These include optimizing for the system life cycle cost, as opposed to capital cost, the ability to simulate the system operation over a season, the capability to input a user’s irrigation schedule, incorporating locally-available components, and incorporating a system reliability constraint based on more detailed agronomic calculations.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting System Integrated With Sensors for Attic Temperature Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chian Yew ◽  
Song Wei Wong ◽  
Ming Kun Yew ◽  
Lip Huat Saw
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Roof System ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Cool Roof ◽  
Solar Powered

This cool roof system focuses on utilization of rainwater harvesting systems by integrating the smart sensor to cool the roof and attic temperatures for the improvement of comfort level of building occupants. An ideal cool roof technology system is basically made up of these three components: (1) moving-air-cavity (MAC) ventilation, (2) solar-powered fan and (3) rainwater harvesting system. These three main components integrate to perform and control the cool roof system. Four small-scale cool roof models were designed and constructed to inspect the performance of the rooftop and attic temperatures. The experimental work was carried out indoors by employing the halogen lamp as the replacement for solar irradiation, while the ambient temperature is monitored to be around 29.8 °C throughout the test. The temperatures of the rooftop surface, MAC aluminum tube, and attic region were measured by K-type thermocouples to evaluate the performance of the cool roof designs. The solar-powered fans were incorporated into the MAC, which accelerated the airflow rate within the cavity and rejected the hot air out before transferring it to the attic region. Meanwhile, an innovative rainwater harvesting system was executed to cool the rooftop temperature rapidly by reducing the rate of heat transfer to the attic region. The result of this inventive cool roof system (Design Z) has successfully reduced the attic temperature by 10.8 °C compared to the normal metal deck roof model (Design W). The findings of the project revealed that the integrated cool roofing technology system comprises the ability to enhance the comfortability of building occupants toward a long-term sustainable development for a better world.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Small-Scale Solar Powered Wastewater and Grey Water Treatment Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Optimum Operating Condition ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Solar Powered

Onsite wastewater treatment systems are the most economical way of dealing with used water in an isolated environment. And because of the variability normally associated with the operation of these systems is linked to either varying hydraulic loading or the nature of the environment in which the system was installed, the performance of these systems needs to be evaluated to find out the optimum operating condition. In this work, the performance of two small-scale treatment systems used for wastewater and gray water was evaluated. This was done by comparing the measure of some physical, chemical and biological parameters in the effluent to the standards of effluent discharge sets by Dubai Municipality. The performance was also measured from other angles using the proposed Swedish Water and Wastewater Association performance indicators so as to give the analysis a wider coverage of economic and energy consumption. The result shows that the performance of the installed solar-powered treatment systems was enough to meet the requirements set by Dubai municipality for effluent discharge except for Ammonia-Nitrogen. Also, the deployment of solar power energy supply, coupled with a low energy usage of the two systems, has made this particular setting an environmentally sustainable setting for such an isolated site.

Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Through Wireless Power Transfer

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Balamurugan M. ◽  
Raghu N. ◽  
Kamala N. ◽  
Trupti V. Nandikolmath ◽  
Sarat Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Solar Powered

Solar powered wireless electric vehicle charging technology functions independently without interface with the utility grid. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is incorporated for wireless charging, which brings the benefits of safe operation, less pollution, and little maintenance cost. WPT technology necessitates no physical connection between the charging device and vehicle, thus hazards and inconvenience produced by conventional charging methods have been minimized. WPT in electric vehicle can be used to reduce the charging time, range, and cost. In this chapter, the various configurations of WPT like inductive, capacitive, resonant, and roadway power transfer techniques have been presented. The small-scale prototype of wireless charging has been developed in the laboratory by incorporating inductive power transfer technique. The experimental results have been presented to validate the feasibility of the system in real time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document