Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Selenium contamination of air, aquatic environments, soils and sediments is a serious environmental concern of increasing importance. Selenium has a paradoxical feature in bringing about health benefits under the prescribed level, but only a few fold increase in its concentration causes deleterious effects to flora and fauna, humans and the environment. This book Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution: Principles and Engineering: presents the fundamentals of the biogeochemical selenium cycle and which imbalances in this cycle result in pollution.overviews chemical and biological technologies for successful treatment of selenium contaminated water, air, soils and sediments.explores the recovery of value-added products from selenium laden waste streams, including biofortication and selenium-based nanoparticles and quantum dots. This book may serve both as an advanced textbook for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental sciences, technology or engineering as well as as a handbook for tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and policy makers who conduct research and practices in selenium related fields. It is essential reading for consulting companies when dealing with selenium related environmental (bio)technologies. ISBN: 9781789061048 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789061055 (eBook)

scholarly journals Microbial Upgrading of Acetate into Value-Added Products—Examining Microbial Diversity, Bioenergetic Constraints and Metabolic Engineering Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8777
Author(s):  
Regina Kutscha ◽  
Stefan Pflügl
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Value Added Products

Ecological concerns have recently led to the increasing trend to upgrade carbon contained in waste streams into valuable chemicals. One of these components is acetate. Its microbial upgrading is possible in various species, with Escherichia coli being the best-studied. Several chemicals derived from acetate have already been successfully produced in E. coli on a laboratory scale, including acetone, itaconic acid, mevalonate, and tyrosine. As acetate is a carbon source with a low energy content compared to glucose or glycerol, energy- and redox-balancing plays an important role in acetate-based growth and production. In addition to the energetic challenges, acetate has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, reducing growth rates, and limiting product concentrations. Moreover, extensive metabolic engineering is necessary to obtain a broad range of acetate-based products. In this review, we illustrate some of the necessary energetic considerations to establish robust production processes by presenting calculations of maximum theoretical product and carbon yields. Moreover, different strategies to deal with energetic and metabolic challenges are presented. Finally, we summarize ways to alleviate acetate toxicity and give an overview of process engineering measures that enable sustainable acetate-based production of value-added chemicals.

Development of Solid Nitriding Method Using Thermosetting Waste Plastic

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Sakoshi ◽  
Chuji Kagaya ◽  
Eiji Kagaya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Resource Exhaustion ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Value Added Products

In recent years, global warming and resource exhaustion problems require the manufacturers to minimize substances of environmental concern and industrial wastes and adopt measures for expedited recycling. As a result, making effective use of wastes to try for further energy conservation and high quality products is an important assignment in the heat treatment and surface hardening treatment fields as well. This study has investigated the effectiveness of waste melamine resin in solid nitriding of JIS SUS304 austenitic stainless steel plate. After heating the stainless plate in waste melamine resin fragments and cooling in air, the surface was analyzed. It was found that a nitrided layer had formed on the surface of the plate, and the nitriding potential of waste melamine was shown to be high. It is therefore likely that this method can be effectively applied to the development of economically advantageous high-performance materials and value-added products.

scholarly journals Production Of Value-Added Products From Waste Derived Volatile Fatty Acids: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Donald Hinnecke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Added Products

Due to the exponential growth of the human population and declining environmental quality in the world, waste derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified as a source for the production of value-added products. Throughout this paper, different technologies for the production of value-added products from VFAs, various high content VFA waste streams and value-added products from each process will be discussed. Additionally, an in-depth literature review will be conducted on 5 value added products from VFAs. Highlights of various experiments will be identified as well as common trends in experiments to date. Some considerations will also be given to particular strategies and methods which may enhance the production of a value-added product in the future. Even through the uncertainty it has been proven that waste derived VFAs are a major candidate in contributing to a more environmentally and sustainable society in the immediate future.

scholarly journals Production Of Value-Added Products From Waste Derived Volatile Fatty Acids: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Donald Hinnecke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Added Products

Due to the exponential growth of the human population and declining environmental quality in the world, waste derived volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified as a source for the production of value-added products. Throughout this paper, different technologies for the production of value-added products from VFAs, various high content VFA waste streams and value-added products from each process will be discussed. Additionally, an in-depth literature review will be conducted on 5 value added products from VFAs. Highlights of various experiments will be identified as well as common trends in experiments to date. Some considerations will also be given to particular strategies and methods which may enhance the production of a value-added product in the future. Even through the uncertainty it has been proven that waste derived VFAs are a major candidate in contributing to a more environmentally and sustainable society in the immediate future.

Conversion of Agricultural Waste Streams into Value Added Products

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (36) ◽  
pp. 2137-2142
Author(s):  
Kofi W. Adu ◽  
Paul Armstrong ◽  
Lucas Servera ◽  
David K. Essumang ◽  
Samuel Y. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Value Added Products

ABSTRACTMuch of the global agricultural by products go waste, especially in developing nations where much of their revenues depend on the exports of raw agricultural products. Such waste streams, if converted to “value added” products could serve as additional source of revenue while simultaneously having a positive impact on the socio-economic well being of the people. We present a preliminary investigation on utilizing chemical activation technique and ball milling to convert agricultural waste streams such as cocoa pod, coconut husk, palm midrib and calabash commonly found in Ghana into ultra-high surface area activated carbon. Such activated carbons are suitable for myriads of applications in environmental remediation, climate management, energy storage and conversion systems (batteries and supercapacitors), and improving crop productivity. We achieved BET surface area as high as ∼ 3000 m2/g.

scholarly journals Improving the fermentability of pre-hydrolysis liquor to produce ethanol and xylonic acid by removing fermentation inhibitors using polystyrene divinylbenzene resin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoxing Huang ◽  
Wenqian Lin ◽  
Yuxuan Shi ◽  
Yayue Zheng ◽  
Qiang Yong
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Xylonic Acid ◽  
Soluble Lignin ◽  
Xylose Concentration ◽  
Resin Treatment ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Background The existences of soluble lignin, furfural and HMF in industrial pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) can inhibit its bioconversion into bioethanol and other bio-chemicals. Although various technologies have been carried out to remove these inhibitors, a undesirable sugars removal is also happened during the process. Hence, polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin was used as adsorptive material to simultaneously remove fermentation inhibitors while retain sugars with higher yield for improving the fermentability of PHL after acid-hydrolysis (A-PHL) treatment. The fermentability of treated PHL was evaluated by the bioconversion into ethanol and xylosic acid (XA). Results Results showed that an highest xylose concentration (101.1 g/L) in PHL could be obtained by acid-hydrolysis at 100 oC for 80 min with 4% acid, while concentration of fermentation inhibitors (furfural, HMF and lignin) could also be significantly improved. After treating, not only 97% of lignin, 92% of furfural, and 97% of HMF were removed from solution, but also 96% of xylose was retained for subsequent fermentation. With resin treatment, the fermentability of A-PHL could be improved by 162–282% for ethanol production from A-PHL with 30–50 g/L xylose and by 18–828% for XA production from A-PHL with 90–150 g/L xylose. Conclusions These results confirmed that PS-DVB resin can remove inhibitors from PHL before producing value-added products by bioconversion. In addition, the work will ideally provide a concept by which pulping facilities could go about producing value-added chemicals from existing waste streams.

scholarly journals Yeast cell factories for sustainable whey-to-ethanol valorisation towards a circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1529-1549
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carvalho ◽  
Carlos E. Costa ◽  
Sara L. Baptista ◽  
Lucília Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Value Added Products

Cheese whey is the major by-product of the dairy industry, and its disposal constitutes an environmental concern. The production of cheese whey has been increasing, with 190 million tonnes per year being produced nowadays. Therefore, it is emergent to consider different routes for cheese whey utilization. The great nutritional value of cheese whey turns it into an attractive substrate for biotechnological applications. Currently, cheese whey processing includes a protein fractionating step that originates the permeate, a lactose-reach stream further used for valorisation. In the last decades, yeast fermentation has brought several advances to the search for biorefinery alternatives. From the plethora of value-added products that can be obtained from cheese whey, ethanol is the most extensively explored since it is the alternative biofuel most used worldwide. Thus, this review focuses on the different strategies for ethanol production from cheese whey using yeasts as promising biological systems, including its integration in lignocellulosic biorefineries. These valorisation routes encompass the improvement of the fermentation process as well as metabolic engineering techniques for the introduction of heterologous pathways, resorting mainly to Kluyveromyces sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The solutions and challenges of the several strategies will be unveiled and explored in this review.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Biodegradable Organic Waste by the Family Thermotogaceae

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nunzia Esercizio ◽  
Mariamichela Lanzilli ◽  
Marco Vastano ◽  
Simone Landi ◽  
Zhaohui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complementary Set ◽  
Value Added Products

The abundance of organic waste generated from agro-industrial processes throughout the world has become an environmental concern that requires immediate action in order to make the global economy sustainable and circular. Great attention has been paid to convert such nutrient-rich organic waste into useful materials for sustainable agricultural practices. Instead of being an environmental hazard, biodegradable organic waste represents a promising resource for the production of high value-added products such as bioenergy, biofertilizers, and biopolymers. The ability of some hyperthermophilic bacteria, e.g., the genera Thermotoga and Pseudothermotoga, to anaerobically ferment waste with the concomitant formation of bioproducts has generated great interest in the waste management sector. These biotechnologically significant bacteria possess a complementary set of thermostable enzymes to degrade complex sugars, with high production rates of biohydrogen gas and organic molecules such as acetate and lactate. Their high growth temperatures allow not only lower contamination risks but also improve substrate solubilization. This review highlights the promises and challenges related to using Thermotoga and Pseudothermotoga spp. as sustainable systems to convert a wide range of biodegradable organic waste into high value-added products.

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