Inter-basin water transfer

Abstract Providing water to satisfy human demands is one of the greatest challenges of the present century and has been the source of many changes in the world. Since the amount of renewable water the Earth receives is only equal to, or even less than, that received many years ago, renewable water per capita decreases as human population increases. Inter-basin water transfer is a method to augment supply in water-scarce regions. Increasing demand for water in some areas sometimes justifies the transfer of water from one basin to another. Water consumption in densely populated cities and in large industrial and agricultural operations produces an economic value that justifies the cost of expensive water transport equipment and infrastructure such as transmission channels, pipelines, pumping stations and dams. Under these conditions, water that is not in high demand in one basin is transferred to another basin for use. These projects are supply-driven engineering solutions to major social challenges. Inter-basin water transmission is carried out across local, regional, national, and international boundaries to overcome water scarcity, to meet demand in the agricultural, industrial and domestic sectors as well as to achieve economic and social development. Inter-basin transfer (IBT) is an important water resource management tool that can have significant impacts on the donor and recipient basins. This chapter aims to provide insights into the concepts, logics, methods and tools used to evaluate inter-basin transfer projects. Challenges that may arise with implementation of such projects and management methods to overcome these challenges are reviewed. Several case study examples of existing projects are presented to provide insight into how to better manage such projects in the future.

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Probabilistic Analysis of a Preemptive Replacement of an NPP Component With a Component of Superior Material

Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components ◽

10.1115/pvp2005-71761 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Robert K. Perdue ◽

Joel Woodcock ◽

Laurent Houssay

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Tube Bundle ◽

Economic Value ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Management Tool ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Plant Component ◽

Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽

Age Replacement ◽

The Cost

The Westinghouse proactive aging management tool, PAM, considers three major sets of variables when calculating the NPV or economic value of age replacement: (a) the projected time to failure, (b) the economic consequences of unplanned failure and (c) the cost of the replacement. All of these variables will typically be uncertain; particularly the time to part failure. A not uncommon complication in evaluating whether and when to replace a degrading component or part in a plant is that the replacement part is thought to have a longer expected life (be more resistant to degradation) but, to date, there is little field experience to substantiate that belief. This paper shows how two different approaches for statistical estimation of a Weibull failure distribution can be used in tandem to surmount this problem, and illustrates it within the context of the replacement of a nuclear power plant component tube bundle with a tube bundle expected to provide superior corrosion resistance.

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Inter-basin Water Transfer and Policies of Water Resource Management

Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-5889-0_13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 257-274

Author(s):

Narendra Kumar ◽

Anjali Verma

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Water Transfer ◽

Basin Water

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ffect of Extraction Methods on Bioactive Compounds of Plant Origin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v6i6.663-675.1527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 663 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erinç Koçak ◽

Fikret Pazır

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Economic Value ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

The Novel ◽

Active Components ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

The Cost

The use of bioactive compounds has been maintaining its significance from nutritional aspects. Due to the increasing demand for them in potential markets, researchers struggle to create new sources and improve their methods. Plant materials possess plenty and a diverse range of these compounds. However, their availability strongly depends on the extraction techniques in addition to the sampling methods and the applicability of the method to the specific parts of the plant. Thus, it is crucial to develop a common, precise way which will enable to extract all the active components regardless of their origin and their location in the plant material. Besides, the new method ought to have the highest economic value in comparison to the present applications which means that the efficiency of the extraction should be acceptable on industrial scale as well. Even though numerous methods have been improved so far, it seems to be unlikely to achieve a standardized solution with high valorization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants until now. This review aims to discuss the novel extraction methods in addition to the conventional techniques focusing on the critical parameters such as the cost, time, yield, feasibility and eco-friendliness of the process.

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Inter-Basin Water Transfer Projects and Climate Change: The Role of Allocation Protocols in Economic Efficiency of the Project. Case Study: Dez to Qomrood Inter-Basin Water Transmission Project (Iran)

Journal of Water Resource and Protection ◽

10.4236/jwarp.2012.49085 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 04 (09) ◽

pp. 750-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Reza Maknoon ◽

Masoud Kazem ◽

Maryam Hasanzadeh

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Water Transfer ◽

Basin Water ◽

Water Transmission

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LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL DROP OUTS IN TAMAN SARI, DISTRICT BOGOR REGENCY

DISEMINASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.33830/diseminasi.v1i2.951.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Stefani Nawati EKORESTI

Keyword(s):

Life Skills ◽

Economic Value ◽

Skills Training ◽

Poor People ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

The Cost ◽

Skills Education ◽

Work Done ◽

Drop Outs ◽

Life Skills Education

Taman Sari Sub-District, Bogor Regency has the potential for fertile soil. But these lands have not been tilled properly. Narrow housing conditions, especially for poor people, do not allow residents to plant crops. Causing the lack of consumption of vegetables; which causes residents become easily sick. In addition, there is also a lot of plastic waste, especially bottled drinking water and other things that come from tourists and fishermen who have not been processed. This condition gave rise to the idea to provide life skills training in making vertical gardens, hydroponic plants and waste management. Besides the need for makeup and haircutting skills also needed especially for orphans fostered by Yasayan Usawatun Hasanah. Community Service Activities (PkM) aims to foster community awareness of the cleanliness of the environment and empower citizens to be more creative and entrepreneurial. Therefore, in addition to the types of activities requested by the residents, UPBJJ-UT Bogor will also teach about identifying the economic value of the work done in the form of determining the cost of goods sold / production. This activity was attended by 50 orphans and it ran smoothly and successfully. Now orphans already have life skills that hope can lift their economy.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMAU KABUPATEN KUPANG

Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS ◽

10.35508/impas.v21i01.2607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Deni K.L. Mudin ◽

Paulus Un ◽

Lika Bernadina

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Economic Value ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Land Area ◽

Average Income ◽

Dry Land ◽

Regression Methods ◽

The Cost ◽

Total Average

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the high economic value commodities in the dry land area. This commodity also contributes to the social life of the dry land area. This research has been conducted in Semau Sub-district, Kupang Regency, with the aim to determine the amount of income, break event point (BEP), R / C ratio, efficiency of capital use and factors that affect the income of peanuts farming, with the number of farmer respondents as many as 92 people , simple randomly selected. Data that has been collected by survey, library and interview methods; analyzed quantitatively-descriptive using regression methods. The results showed that the total average income of peanut farming in the study location was IDR 1,739,895 with a total average income of IDR 3,498,261 and a total average cost of IDR 1,758,366. While the break event point average of production is 147 Kg and the break event point price is IDR. 6.509, while for the total average the R / C ratio is 1.99. With factors that affect income are production (X1), seed costs (X2), and labor costs (X3). From the regression results with the Cobb-Douglass function the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.822 with the meaning that variations in independent variables such as production, seed costs and labor costs explain the dependent variable namely income (Y) of 82.20% and the rest 17.80 % is explained by variables outside of the variables analyzed. From the results of the F test (diversity test) it was found that the factors X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect on income at ⍺ 1%, then accept H1 at least one of: βi ≠ 0. Whereas the results of the t test (partial test) obtained that factors significant effect on income, namely production (X1) and labor costs (X2), while the cost of seeds (X3) does not significantly affect income.

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Economic Value of Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts at Incheon Airport, South Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6965

Author(s):

In-Gyum Kim ◽

Hye-Min Kim ◽

Dae-Geun Lee ◽

Byunghwan Lim ◽

Hee-Choon Lee

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

South Korea ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Economic Value ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Annual Average ◽

Loss Model ◽

Total Budget ◽

The Cost

Meteorological information at an arrival airport is one of the primary variables used to determine refueling of discretionary fuel. This study evaluated the economic value of terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF), which has not been previously quantitatively analyzed in Korea. The analysis data included 374,716 international flights that arrived at Incheon airport during 2017–2019. A cost–loss model was used for the analysis, which is a methodology to evaluate forecast value by considering the cost and loss that users can expect, considering the decision-making result based on forecast utilization. The value was divided in terms of improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual average TAF value for Incheon Airport was approximately 2.2 M–20.1 M USD under two hypothetical rules of refueling of discretionary fuel. This value is up to 26.2% higher than the total budget of 16.3 M USD set for the production of aviation meteorological forecasts by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Further, it is up to 10 times greater than the 2 M USD spent on aviation meteorological information fees collected by the KMA in 2018.

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Beach Certification Schemes in Latin America: Are They Applicable to the Brazilian Context?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 934

Author(s):

Luidgi Marchese ◽

Camilo M. Botero ◽

Seweryn Zielinski ◽

Giorgio Anfuso ◽

Marcus Polette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Economic Value ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Management Tool ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Beach Management ◽

Zone Management

Beaches are multidimensional ecosystems that develop relevant natural functions and host tourist activities of great economic value. Therefore, they are currently being subjected to severe human pressure and natural impacts often enhanced by climate change. Beach certification schemes (BCSs) were designed to bridge the gap between recreation and conservation uses. The aim of this paper is to assess the compatibility and potential contribution of nine Beach Classification Schemes (BCSs) used in Latin America with the Orla Project implemented in Brazil to optimize land use planning of coastal zones, including beaches. The weaknesses and strengths of each BCSs were assessed according to the criteria for integrated coastal zone management. As a result, four of the nine BCSs were found to be the most compatible with the context of Brazilian beaches (Ecuadorian, Colombian, Cuban, and Argentinean BCSs), indicating that BCSs can contribute to specific aspects of beach management, but they should not be the only management strategy. In conclusion, the strengths of the four BCSs identified in this study can be used to build a new management tool for Brazilian beaches aligned with the Orla Project—the main coastal planning and management instrument currently used.

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