scholarly journals Aluminium in Groundwater Possible Solution Equilibria

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Eriksson

Recent investigations in the west coast region of Sweden has revealed the occurrence of groundwaters with a pH of around 4 and, further, alarmingly high concentrations of soluble aluminium. The reason for the occurrence of acid groundwater is, of course, the acid precipitation falling over this area of Sweden in combination with coarse soils on resistant types of granites and gneisses. The »resistance« against acidification of groundwater offered in the soil profile by aluminium and iron hydroxides must obviously have been partly broken. It seems therefore relevant to examine the solubility conditions of aluminium compounds in soils and rocks. From this we may reconstruct the process which led to the present state and we may also be able to tell what information on soils is needed in order to predict the future acidification of groundwater.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
Alphonsus Isara ◽  
Aru-Kumba Baldeh

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are the second most common cause of healthy life years lost by women in the 15 – 44 years age group in Africa. Aim/Objective: To determine the prevalence of STIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in the West Coast Region of The Gambia. Materials and Methods: Blood, urine, and high vaginal swabs samples from 280 pregnant women attending ANC in Brika- ma District Hospital, Brikama, and Bandung Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Bandung were examined. Serum samples were tested for HIV using western blot technique and for syphilis using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, and rapid plasma regimen. Candida albicans, Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoea were identified using Analytical Profile Index (API). Direct urine microscopy was used to identify C. albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis while Chlamydia trachomatis was identified using Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) test. Results: The overall prevalence of STIs was 53.6%. The pathogenic agents isolated were Candida albicans (31.8%), Strep- tococcus agalactiae (15.0%), Treponema pallidum (6.8%), HIV (5.7%), Trichomonas vaginalis (3.9%), Neisseria gonorrhoea (1.8%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (0.7%). STIs were more prevalent among women in the younger age group of 15 – 24 years (54.7%), unemployed (54.0%), Primipara (62.3%), and in the third trimester of pregnancy (72.7%). Conclusion: A high prevalence of STIs was found among pregnant women attending ANC in the West Coast region of The Gambia. Public health intervention programmes should be strengthened to promote the sexual and reproductive health of pregnant women in The Gambia. Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections; pregnant women; antenatal clinics; The Gambia.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youcun Qi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Brian Kaney ◽  
Carrie Langston ◽  
Kenneth Howard

Abstract Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in the West Coast region of the United States has been a big challenge for Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) because of severe blockages caused by the complex terrain. The majority of the heavy precipitation in the West Coast region is associated with strong moisture flux from the Pacific that interacts with the coastal mountains. Such orographic enhancement of precipitation occurs at low levels and cannot be observed well by WSR-88D because of severe blockages. Specifically, the radar beam either samples too high above the ground or misses the orographic enhancement at lower levels, or the beam broadens with range and cannot adequately resolve vertical variations of the reflectivity structure. The current study developed an algorithm that uses S-band Precipitation Profiler (S-PROF) radar observations in northern California to improve WSR-88D QPEs in the area. The profiler data are used to calculate two sets of reference vertical profiles of reflectivity (RVPRs), one for the coastal mountains and another for the Sierra Nevada. The RVPRs are then used to correct the WSR-88D QPEs in the corresponding areas. The S-PROF–based VPR correction methodology (S-PROF-VPR) has taken into account orographic processes and radar beam broadenings with range. It is tested using three heavy rain events and is found to provide significant improvements over the operational radar QPE.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joe McEwan

<p>Through the design of memorial baths on the West Coast, this thesis proposes that through an increased understanding and interpretation of place identity, memorialisation can precipitate a process of understanding and healing. This process leads the visitor to gain a heightened level of mental wellbeing.  This research sheds light on, and provides an alternative to, the present state of memorials in New Zealand, identifying them as places to heal. It provides a solution of a memorial that connects people, their thoughts and memories to architecture. This is achieved through the application of the Kessler – Kübler-Ross model by facilitating participants’ experience of grief through the bargaining, depression and acceptance stages.  This thesis proposes an architectural solution that sufficiently memorializes lost gold miners of the West Coast and their way of life. It also enquires into the somewhat aberrant architectural culture and identity of the West Coast and identifies methods of preserving this architectural regionalism before it is lost. This quickly disappearing West Coast identity and architectural regionalism becomes a further stimulant for memorialisation. The architectural form and composition respond to mining history and the miner’s way of life.  This memorial, located deep within the Southern Alps hosts a series of natural thermal baths and contemplative spaces that prompt reflection and inner thought, transporting the visitor toward an improved level of mental wellbeing through a means of triggering memory, and providing spaces that prompt contemplation.</p>


Author(s):  
I Nyoman Sukraaliawan ◽  
A.A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara ◽  
A.A. Bagus Wirawan ◽  
I Gde Made Metera

The marine area of the west coast of Buleleng Regency has great potential for fisheries and marine affairs which, if managed properly, will be able to provide welfare for people who depend on the fisheries and marine sectors such as fishing communities. However, the reality is that there are still many fishermen who are in poverty so this is an irony for an area that has rich marine potential but the condition of the fishing community is still in the shackles of poverty so that policies or empowerment programs that are more pro-civil society are needed. This research was conducted to find out some of the actions of empowering fishing communities in the West Coast Region of Buleleng Regency, so that they can be useful both theoretically and practically. Data collection methods were carried out through interviews with several informants to obtain primary data and also through observation methods and document studies. Data analysis will be carried out using qualitative analysis, namely organizing data, sorting it into manageable units, synthesizing it, looking for and finding patterns, so that a conclusion is obtained. The research revealed that the sectoral government has implemented several actions that are part of the coastal community empowerment program including fishermen through several activities, namely strengthening the entrepreneurial culture of fishermen, strengthening fishermen's institutions, strengthening participation, strengthening fishermen's capital and through providing revolving capital assistance, as well as infrastructure assistance. As a result, fishing communities can experience positive benefits from empowerment efforts such as increasing fishery and non-fishery business diversification and wider fishing range so that it can affect the socio-economic conditions of fishermen who are getting better. It can be suggested to the related parties, that the fishing community should be provided with fisherman business capital assistance by the government through financial institutions that are no longer considered burdensome to fishermen, such as the necessity of guarantees or collateral in the form of certificates or BPKB when obtaining fisherman business credits that have been This is a complaint of the fishing community, especially the small fishermen.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0211634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Dierickx ◽  
Julie Balen ◽  
Chia Longman ◽  
Ladan Rahbari ◽  
Ed Clarke ◽  
...  

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