An epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by RT-PCR and sequence analysis

The aim of this study was to assess the presence and seasonal frequency of various enteric viruses in wastewater treatment. The detection of astrovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and rotavirus was carried out by molecular analyses in concentrated water samples collected over 18 months at the entrance and exit of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylogenetic analysis was performed on the isolated strains. Genomes of human astrovirus and human rotavirus were identified in 26/29 and 11/29 samples of raw sewage, respectively, and in 12/29 and 13/29 treated effluent samples, respectively. Some rotavirus sequences detected in environmental samples were very close to those of clinical strains. Noroviruses, enteroviruses and HAV were not detected during the study period. This could be related to the small sample volume, to the sensitivity of the detection methods or to local epidemiological situations. Frequent detection of viral RNA, whether infectious or not, in the exit effluent of sewage treatment indicates wide dispersion of enteric viruses in the environment. Consequently, viral contamination resulting from the use of these treated waters is a risk that needs to be addressed.

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Environmental dissemination of group A rotavirus: P-type, G-type and subgroup characterization

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.413 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 633-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

F. F. M. Ferreira ◽

F. R. Guimarães ◽

T. M. Fumian ◽

M. Victoria ◽

C. B. Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Samples ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Northern Region ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Vp6 Gene ◽

Elution Method ◽

P Type

Rotaviruses A (RV-A) infection is the most common cause of acute diarrheal diseases in infants and the dissemination of these viruses in the environment represents a public health hazard. The present study aims to evaluate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based protocols for the detection of RV-A genes in different types of environmental samples. RV-A were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method using negatively charged membranes associated with a Centriprep Concentrator 50. The RV-A VP4, VP7 and VP6 genes were detected using RT-PCR in river water from the Amazon Hydrographic basin (Northern region) and from wastewater in a sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro (Southeast region), Brazil. RV-A were successfully detected in water environmental samples by the methods used. The detection of the VP6 gene by RT-PCR was the most sensitive for detecting RV-A in environmental samples (44.0%), when compared to the detection of the VP4 (33.3%) and VP7 (25.3%) genes. Based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP6 gene, 22 environmental samples were determined to be subgroup II (Wa-like). These results indicate that analysis of environmental samples could possibly make a valuable contribution to studies on the epidemiology of RV-A.

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Abundance and distribution of microplastics in water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, Northern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1110826/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanyan Fang

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Northern China ◽

Baiyangdian Lake ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Transfer Station ◽

Main Components

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) have been found in all environment matrices and have become an issue of concern worldwide. In this study, Baiyangdian Lake in Northern China was investigated for the presence of MPs (0.45 µm–5 mm) in sediment and at different water depths. MPs were found at 1,000–20,000 pieces/m3 (average 9,595) in water and at 400–2,200 pieces/kg (average 1,023) in sediment. Since the implementation of pollution abatement measures, visible MPs have been nearly eliminated; the MPs found in this study were mainly in the micrometer range, with no more than 3–5 pieces greater than 1 mm per sample. The main forms of MPs were fibrous and fragmented, and the main components were polyamide, polyethylene, and polypropylene. MPs found in water near a garbage transfer station showed the following abundance of MPs: surface water < middle water < bottom water. The sediment contained a higher amount of MP fragments, indicating that the historical transfer and disposal of garbage was a main source of plastic deposition in this area. There was a high content of fibrous MPs in surface water, while the abundance of fragmented MPs increased with the depth of water. The main sources of MPs in the study area were residential activities, local plastic factories, and the treated effluent from a sewage treatment plant.

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Bacterial Load Reduction in Guheswori Sewage Treatment Plant, Kathmandu, Nepal

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v15i1.19914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bikram Gautam ◽

Anjita Rajbhanshi ◽

Rameshwar Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Plate Count ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Load Reduction ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Treated Effluent

Background: Water sources such as lakes, ponds, river etc. have been continuously contaminated by the micro organisms and chemicals. The former can pose a significant threat to human health. This work aims at detecting the bacterial load before and after the sewage treatment and hence isolating pathogens from the sewage before primary treatment and secondary treated effluent. Methods: Grab sampling (50mL sewage before primary treatment and secondary treated effluent) was performed for 20 days in the Guheswori sewage treatment plant. The reduction in microbial load was determined through heterotrophic plate count. Pathogens were screened from the effluent obtained from the secondary treatment plant. Results: Bacterial load reduction was found to be about 48.02% on average. The observed bacterial load reduction might have been caused by bacteriophage flocculation and sedimentation. Pathogens isolated from the treated effluent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), Citrobacter fruendii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: It has been found that the sewage treatment plant helps to reduce the bacterial load which is, however, not capable of effluent polishing where all pathogens are killed.

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POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n4p671-677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 671-677

Author(s):

LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO ◽

PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA ◽

VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA ◽

RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Short Supply ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Thermotolerant Coliforms

POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DE EFLUENTES TRATADOS PARA IRRIGAÇÃO PERIURBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARABIRA/PB LIBIANE MARINHO BERNARDINO1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA3 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ4. 1 Mestranda em Gestão e Regulação em Recursos Hídricos, Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Profa. Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Universitário, CEP 58429-900, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Prof. Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Unidade Acadêmica de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido, UFCG, Rua Luiz Grande, s/n, Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, PB, Brasil, [email protected] 1 RESUMO A água é um recurso finito que se encontra escasso, o que justifica a busca por gestão e inovação de práticas que a preserve. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar o potencial de reúso dos efluentes tratados para irrigação periurbana. Foram levantados dados de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE), localizada no município de Guarabira, PB, e operada pela Companhia de Água e Esgotos do Estado da Paraíba (CAGEPA), durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Analisou-se os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos: Potencial Hidrogeniônico (pH), Condutividade Elétrica (CE), Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Sólidos Totais (ST), Oxigênio Dissolvido (OD), Fósforo Total, e Coliformes Termotolerantes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e expresso em valores mínimos, máximos e médios. Os indicadores foram satisfatórios para irrigação restrita, porém com a necessidade de tratamento complementar para determinados cultivos. O potencial de reúso dos efluentes tratados na ETE pode beneficiar uma área de 118,7 ha considerando uma demanda de irrigação de 18.000 m³ ha-1 ano-1, o que demonstra ser um recurso sustentável e que precisa ser regulamentado no Brasil. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, resíduos líquidos, tratamento de água, fertirrigação. BERNARDINO, L. M.; COSTA, P. S.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FERRAZ, L. R. S. REUSE POTENTIAL OF TREATED EFFLUENTS FOR PERIURBAN IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUARABIRA/PB 2 ABSTRACT Water is at the center of sustainable development and a finite resource that is in short supply, which justifies the search for management and innovation of practices that preserve it. This research aims to evaluate the potential for reuse of treated effluent for periurban irrigation. Data were collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), located in the municipality of Guarabira, PB, and operated by the Water and Sewage Company of the State of Paraíba (CAGEPA), during the period from January to December 2019, with the analysis of the following physicochemical and bacteriological parameters: Hipogenic Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (CE), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO), Total Solids (ST), Dissolved Oxygen (OD), Total Phosphorus, and Thermotolerant Coliforms. The data were submitted to the descriptive analysis and expressed as minimum, maximum and average values. The indicators were satisfactory for restricted irrigation, but with the need for complementary treatment for certain crops. The potential for reuse of the effluents treated in the ETE can benefit an area of 118.7 ha considering an irrigation demand of 18,000 m³ ha-1 year-1, which demonstrates to be a sustainable resource that needs to be regulated in Brazil. Keywords: Water resources, liquid waste, water treatment, fertigation.

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ROLE OF PHYCOREMEDIATION IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Water Conservation and Management ◽

10.26480/wcm.02.2021.53.57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

Nandini Moondra ◽

Namrata D Jariwala ◽

Robin A Christian

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Organics Removal ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Conventional domestic wastewater treatment in most developing countries is confined to secondary treatments, mainly focusing on solids and organics removal, which results in eutrophication when the effluents are discharged into receiving bodies. Thus, to resolve the issues associated with the conventional treatment system, in the present study, microalgae was introduced in the primary treated effluent collected from a sewage treatment plant to study the efficiency of the system in reducing eutrophication and other challenges of secondary treatment. Phycoremediation is an effective and eco-friendly treatment alternative that reduced the primary-treated effluent’s PO4-P, NH3-N and COD concentration to 97.89%, 98.81%, and 88.24%, respectively at the identical HRT practiced for secondary treatment. One-way ANOVA was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the system statistically. The experimental and statistical analysis proved that microalgal treatment could resolve the challenges of conventional secondary treatments if adopted for domestic wastewater.

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Sewage Water Treatment Plant for Hingna

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.36495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 796-798

Author(s):

Vinay Khewale

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Sewage Water ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Sewage Water Treatment

A sewage water treatment plant is necessary to receive and treat waste water (Domestic, Commercial, and Industrial). Its objective is to be convert harmful waste water to safe water environmentally and treated effluent and treated sludge suitable for reuse and disposal such as farm fertilizer. The characteristics of waste water have been performed followed by design of sewage treatment plant. The present study includes design of sewage treatment plant and analysis of waste water – PH value, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Acidity, Oil, Fats and grease etc. The sample collection of waste water has been done in many times in a day to obtain an average value of major parameter. Followed by values of this parameter, calculations are done for designing the units of sewage treatment plant and layout is prepared for the same

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Detection Methods for Human Enteric Viruses in Representative Foods†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-63.12.1738 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1738-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

PARIS R. LEGGITT ◽

LEE-ANN JAYKUS

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Food Sample ◽

Viral Rna ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Norwalk Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Human Enteric Viruses

Although viral foodborne disease is a significant problem, foods are rarely tested for viral contamination, and when done, testing is limited to shellfish commodities. In this work, we report a method to extract and detect human enteric viruses from alternative food commodities using an elution-concentration approach followed by detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifty-gram lettuce or hamburger samples were artificially inoculated with poliovirus type 1 (PV1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), or the Norwalk virus and processed by the sequential steps of homogenization, filtration, Freon extraction (hamburger), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. To reduce volumes further and remove RT-PCR inhibitors, a secondary PEG precipitation was necessary, resulting in an overall 10- to 20-fold sample size reduction from 50 g to 3 to 5 ml. Virus recoveries in secondary PEG concentrates ranged from 10 to 70% for PV1 and 2 to 4% for HAV as evaluated by mammalian cell culture infectivity assay. Total RNA from PEG concentrates was extracted to a small volume (30 to 40 μl) and subjected to RT-PCR amplification of viral RNA sequences. Detection limit studies indicated that viral RNA was consistently detected by RT-PCR at initial inoculum levels ≥102 PFU/50-g food sample for PV1 and ≥103 PFU/50-g food sample for HAV. In similar studies with the Norwalk virus, detection at inoculum levels ≥1.5 × 103 PCR-amplifiable units/50-g sample for both food products was possible. All RT-PCR amplicons were confirmed by subsequent Southern hybridization. The procedure reported represents progress toward the development of methods to detect human enteric viral contamination in foods other than shellfish.

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Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842012000500009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 839-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

AD. Vecchia ◽

JD. Fleck ◽

M. Kluge ◽

J. Comerlato ◽

B. Bergamaschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Viral Genomes ◽

Treated Effluent

In order to verify the microbial quality of the influents and effluents of one STP from southern Brazil, an eight-month survey was conducted to examine the presence of total and fecal coliforms and of adenovirus (HAdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV), in treated effluent samples from São João/Navegantes STP, Porto Alegre (Brazil). A total of 16 samples were collected, eight of influent (raw sewage, prior to treatment), and the other eight of the effluent (post-treatment sewage). Total and fecal coliform levels ranging from 3.6 × 10(4) to 4.4 × 10(7) MPN/100 mL and 2.9 × 10³ to 1.7 × 10(7) MPN/100 mL, were detected in all samples. In raw sewage, HAdV (25%) and GARV (28.6%) viral genomes were detected. The analysis of effluent samples revealed the presence of HAdV (50%), EV (37.5%), and TTV (12.5%) genomic fragments. All samples, regardless of the month analysed, presented detection of a least one virus genus, except for in April. Higher virus detection rates were observed in treated sewage samples (62.5%), and in 80% of them (effluent positive samples) HAdV was detected. Results showed that improvements in sewage monitoring and treatment processes are necessary to reduce the viral and bacterial load on the environment in southern Brazil. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study showing the monitoring of viral genomes in influent and effluent samples from a STP located in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), southern Brazil.

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Study on Efficiency of the Sewage Treatment Plant at College Campus (Karnataka) for Sustainable Artificial Recharge Designed model: A Case study

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst12575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dhanraj M R ◽

◽

Ganesha A ◽

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Residual Chlorine ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Institute Of Technology

The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of sewage generated from 7000 KLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) located at Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Karnataka which is based on the Activated Sludge Technology. The study of sewage quality of this plant is essential as most of the treated effluent discharged into a stream during monsoon and remaining season used for a Gardening purpose. Water samples were collected from the outlet and analyzed for the major waste-water quality parameters, such as pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and residual chlorine. The overall quality of sewage of 7000 KLD Sewage treatment plants will be evaluated by collecting samples. The results of these evaluations also determine whether the effluent discharged into the water body is under limits given by Karnataka state pollution control board (KSPCB) & BIS standards.

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The efficiency of galvanic wastewater treatment facility 'Frad' in Aleksinac

Trendovi u poslovanju ◽

10.5937/trendpos2002078v ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Jasmina Veličković ◽

Nebojša Arsić ◽

Ljiljana Stošić

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

The Republic

The technological process of Galvano-chemical protection, according to qualitatively-quantitative characteristics, represents one of the most complex contaminants in wastewater. A large number of contaminants (metal ions, cyanides, acids, bases, grease and oils, organic solvents, surfactants, phosphates, etc.), found in galvanic wastewater are treated through conventional methods (chemical oxidation and reduction, neutralization, sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation). The reason why galvanic wastewater treatment systems in the Republic of Serbia are conventional is of economic nature. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of Sewage Treatment Plant located at Aleksinac, Company of "Frad" district which is based on Sequential Batch Reactor process. Performance of this plant is an essential parameter to be monitored as the treated effluent is discharged into the Moravica River. The Performance Evaluation will also help for the better understanding of design and operating difficulties (aeration, blowers, etc.) in Sewage Treatment Plant. Research goal: The efficiency of sewage treatment plants can be illustrated by a study on the evaluation of pollutant levels of the influent and the effluent at the treatment plant of sewage treatment plants discharging into the environment.

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