The influence of planning on the development of innovation in small and medium enterprises

Innovations are one of the most important factors in the competitiveness of the enterprises in modern business conditions. Innovation is defined as the process of creating new (and differentiated) value for customers in the market, which can create a sustainable competition advantage. The goal of innovation is to create more successful future of the company, but this success does not happen by itself, but a purposeful implementation of the innovation process is required - which requires, in the first place, the planning of all phases and sub-processes.

Methods and techniques of research motivation and satisfaction of employees

Motivation and employee satisfaction are very important precondition for the effectiveness of work and the achievement of set goals for individuals and organizations. Consequently, continuous measurement of employee motivation and satisfaction is essential to improve company's efficiency and improve human resource use. The results of a well-planned, detailed and adequate methods and techniques of research on employee motivation and satisfaction can be applied to the design of various schemes in order to reduce absenteeism and employee turnover and overall business success. In this paper, the emphasis is on the methodology of researching employee motivation and satisfaction. In addition to the elaboration of questionnaires with scales for measuring the motivation and satisfaction of employees, it is explained in which situations, in which types of questions and answers, respectively, types of data, and how certain statistical techniques are applied, such as: T-test, One-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square test, Point-two-series correlations. Also, the importance of using the subsequent post hoc test (LSD comparison) in the analysis of variance, as well as the indicators of correlation, the strength of the impact, such as: phi correlation coefficient, Kramer's coefficient and contingency coefficient, is pointed out in the Chi-square test. In addition to the mentioned techniques and indicators from SPSS, the role of certain indicators (eta squared and coefficient of determination) is calculated, which are calculated using data from research results and with the help of certain formulas

Insurance as a loan agreement for managing risk in corporate lending

Credit risk management is one of the most important banking operations, both in developed and developing countries. In addition to numerous methods and techniques, banks decide to conclude special credit agreements when granting loans to economic entities. The special provisions of such an agreement provide additional assurance to the lender that it will not incur losses when borrowing funds. In these loan agreements, insurance plays a significant role, whether it is corporate or bank borrowing. In this paper, the subject of consideration is the role of insurance as a loan agreement in corporate lending primarily by banks. The aim of this paper is to describe the importance and role of insurance in the process of corporate lending, point out the benefits of the existence of provisions related to insurance in the loan agreement for both lender and borrower, and provide a brief overview of the use of insurance as a method of credit risk management, referring to the use of this type of agreement in Serbia as well.

Organizational commitment of employees as a result of job satisfaction

In modern business conditions, human resources are the most valuable resource that enables the realization and maintenance of the competitive advantage of the organization. Given this statement, it is not surprising why in recent decades in professional and academic circles there is a growing interest in researching issues of how to improve, retain and motivate employees to invest their maximum efforts in achieving organizational goals. As companies are both capital and labor intensive, it is easy to come to the conclusion that depending on the degree of motivation and commitment of employees to the realization of organizational goals, the realization of the above-mentioned imperative also depends on it. In other words, the degree to which employees identify with their organization depends on how motivated they will be to achieve its goals and to participate in improving its efficiency. This means that organizational commitment is becoming one of the key determinants of the success of 21st century organizations. Generally speaking, job satisfaction is an attitude that manifests in the workplace as individual behavior of the employee and can have an impact on the organization and organizational behavior. Job satisfaction encourages employees to increase performance and commitment to the organization, while reducing absenteeism and increasing interest in the profession, and it is of immeasurable importance to pay attention to the cause-and-effect relationship of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Occupancy of the highly categorized accommodation related to the changed conditions of demand: The example of the municipality of Vrnjačka Banja

The municipality of Vrnjacka Banja, which has an excellent tourist base, a good offer of accommodation facilities and a huge tradition, is certainly one of the "tourist" leaders, which is why the success of its business can be viewed through the prism of overall spa tourism business in Serbia. A review of the existing business of highly categorized facilities in the municipality of Vrnjačka Banja can serve to obtain a clearer picture of the position of similar economic entities in the Republic of Serbia, especially in spa tourism. After reviewing the motive base of this municipality, this research discusses the supply, occupancy and price of highly categorized accommodation in the municipality, before the outbreak of the pandemic and compared to the demand in the first six months after the outbreak of the pandemic. Based on the analysis of the business of highly categorized accommodation capacities in the first six months of the crisis, it was determined that despite big problems, they managed to survive on the market. State aid and the discovery of alternative forms of accommodation helped them overcome the crisis period until the return to normal business conditions.

Open model of education using Open Source principles

The information society is a force that has changed the way we live, work, learn, inform and have fun today. The open model of education has experienced explosive growth in the last decade thanks to the increasing availability of modern technologies. The Open Access Initiative can now be seen in many areas of education and science where it contributes to faster and better acquisition and dissemination of knowledge. This paper discusses the possibilities of using a new open model based on the principles of Open Source. The scientific contribution represents opportunities for application and improvement for all actors in the process, while creating significant financial savings and impact on the digital divide. This is reflected in the use of legal software that is free, the use of old computer configurations and open access to scientific and university publications. In this way, schools, teachers and students have the opportunity to participate in teaching, work or play, regardless of their financial status.

Irregularities in conducting the list of assets and liabilities

Irregularities that may occur during the preparation and conduct of the inventory of assets and liabilities may have serious and multiple implications for the entity's financial statements and its results of operations. This is conditioned by the fact that the inventory as a part of the pre-closing postings represents the basis for reducing the bookkeeping to the actual situation. The census can determine the existence of undocumented economic changes, for which at the time of their occurrence there was no adequate document to confirm their existence and their value impact on the operations of the entities. Improper conduct of the census can be sampled by intentional actions aimed at presenting incorrect facts in an attempt to present a better business result in the financial statements than it really is, which would benefit one stakeholder to the detriment of other stakeholders. For these reasons, it is important to understand the irregularities that occur during the census in order to prevent and disable their occurrence in practice.

Extension of the basic Global Health Security (GHS) index: Health system security indicator

The paper discusses the extension of the Global Health Security (GHS) index with new non-medical predictors: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita as a basic indicator of economic growth, Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Democracy Index (DI) as significant indicators of social relations. This extension of the GHS index provides a more reliable model for predicting the ability of a country's health system to provide an adequate response in a pandemic crisis when human health is seriously endangered. Evaluation of the results of the extension of the GHS index by additional non-medical predictors was performed using multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA), both for the basic and for the extended model. The obtained values of the coefficient of determination (R2) indicate that the extended GHS model shows the same high level of fitting as the basic model, which confirms the justification of its extension. The research was conducted on the basis of available data for 42 European countries.

Implications and challenges of using driver-based budgeting in contemporary business environment

The main characteristics of the business conditions of today's companies are frequent and intensive changes. The dynamic business environment of modern companies requires a new way of management that involves an implementation of new management models, methods, techniques and instruments that are adapted to the modern environment and able to respond to challenges and solve problems that arise in new business conditions. The aim of the paper is to describe the specifics of driver-based budgeting, as one of new management instruments. In comparison with traditional budgeting, driver-based budgeting possesses multiple advantages for companies that enable responding to changes in business environment in a more agile way. These advantages, as well as some perceived difficulties with its implementation in companies are described in the paper. The results of the paper contribute to the further development of the theory and can be an incentive for future research, as well as basis for making recommendations and practical instructions that could help companies improve their budgeting system.

The importance of entrepreneurship and innovativeness for the economic development of the Republic of Serbia

The economic development of a country is impossible without innovation and entrepreneurship. As privately owned economic entities are one of the main drivers of the economy, job creation, as well as the growth of production and consumption, can be said that innovations, with the help of entrepreneurship, drive the national and world economy. Innovation is a crucial element of entrepreneurship, so companies must continuously innovate their business in order to avoid stagnation and possible closure. The causal links between innovation, entrepreneurship and economic development should be carefully analyzed and monitored, taking into account all the circumstances at a given time. Based on such an analysis, it is possible to identify the reasons for the stagnation and decline in their correlation, in order to react more promptly in the future. Inventiveness is the most valuable resource of any company, so it is very important to encourage creative thinking and presenting new ideas. Innovations have a direct impact on increasing productivity and increasing competitiveness, and continuous business innovation implies constant adjustment and the ability to cope in a competitive market. Innovation and entrepreneurship are key to the economic development of any country, as they provide numerous opportunities and variations, applicable in every economic system.