scholarly journals Drinking water quality and risk for human health in Pelengana commune, Segou, Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-621
Author(s):  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Duan Wenbiao ◽  
Zakaria Keita ◽  
Abdramane Dembele ◽  
Elsamoal Elzak Abdalla Elzaki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health

Abstract Water is an indispensable commodity for the survival of all living beings and for their well-being. The objective of this work is to evaluate the level of pollution of different drinking water sources consumed and its link with health in Pelengana commune, Mali. Samples of water were taken from various sources, namely, hand pumps, boreholes, dug wells, and shallow wells for physical, chemical, heavy metals, and bacteriological analyses, using American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Techniques. Results revealed that the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−N) values of the water samples from the different water sources had concentrations exceeding the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US-EPA) regulation of 10 mg/L, as well as World Health Organization Guideline for Drinking Water Quality (WHO GDWQ) (11 mg/L). The same applies to heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Fe, in which, concentrations exceed their allowable limits in certain locations. Moreover, apart from water samples from some different boreholes, total coliform, and Escherichia coli have been detected in all selected water sources, which indicates fecal contamination. In all, there is a pressing need to stop the consumption of drinking water from contaminated sources and to effect appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Chattogram City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Kanij Fatema Nishan ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin ◽  
Urmi Rani Devi ◽  
Sumiya Akter ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Chattogram is the second most populated city in Bangladesh. This port city faces a serious threat mainly due to the lack of safe drinking water. This study was conducted for determining drinking water quality of groundwater sources in Chattogram city. The study was performed in the BCSIR laboratory, Chattogram. It was carried out for a period of six months from 1st July, 2018 to 31th December, 2018. Total six water samples were collected from three different locations (Baluchora, C&B colony and Khulshi area). Each sampling location consists of two separate sampling points. Physicochemical parameters of the collected samples like Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Hardness, Turbidity and concentration of Cl, As, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd were examined. Microbial parameters like Total Coliform (TC) were also measured. All the analyzed parameters compared with BSTI and WHO drinking water quality standards to understand the overall ground water quality status of the study area. The results reveal that water samples in almost all locations were contaminated with microbial contamination and that the range of physico-chemical parameters was not adequate for consumption. Preliminary treatments like boiling, filtering etc are required before using groundwater for drinking and the necessary measures must be taken for a safe alternative source of drinking water.

scholarly journals Metalliferous content of drinking water and sediments in storage tanks of some schools in Erbil city, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraz Sami Khalid ◽  
Hoshyar Saadi Ali ◽  
Dhary Almashhadany
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality Indices

The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water in randomly selected schools in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The water quality indices such as the Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) were applied to characterize water quality. Eighteen schools were incorporated and sampled for their water storage tanks available to students. Water samples and sediment samples from tanks floor were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer for the determination of twenty-two metal elements. In drinking water samples, all detected metals did not exceed the permissible limits of the World Health Organization. The results of this study showed that the average values of HPI and HEI for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn were 54.442 and 0.221, respectively. According to data of the water quality indices, the schools drinking water quality are good and suitable for drinking in terms of heavy metals. However, sediments samples contained high concentrations of all elements including the toxic heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb). Re-suspension of sediments into water column after refilling storage tanks can pose a serious threat to students drinking water from such vessels. It is therefore recommended that proper storage tanks are provided to the schools accompanied by continuous sanitation and hygiene practice to mitigate the corrosion of tanks to avoid health risks of toxic metal

scholarly journals Rural Drinking Water Quality Status in Central Development Region, Nepal: A Comparative Study of Spring water and Ground water

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Bishnu Pandey ◽  
Suman Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

This study assesses the rural drinking water quality status in Central Development Region of Nepal. With a total of 250 samples collected from 15 districts of the region, drinking water quality of spring water and ground water representing hill and Terai (lowland) regions were tested and compared for their physicochemical parameters and faecal coliform contamination.None of the spring samples as well as ground water samples violated National Drinking Water Standards (NDWS) for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), appearance, chloride and nitrate. Similarly none violated the standards for total hardness (TH) indicating soft nature of the water. The spring samples were within the NDWS for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) whereas 15.4% and 39.0% of the ground water samples violated the standards for manganese and iron, respectively. Gravity water is found to be more alkaline than ground water. Faecal coliforms were the most problematic in both types of sources followed by Ammonia (NH3) and pH in spring sources and by iron, Mn, pH and ammonia in ground water sources, respectively. Spring sources were more contaminated by bacteria than ground water sources. Correlation and regression analysis revealed highly significant correlations between EC and TDS (r=0.979) and between CaH and TH (r=0.988) in ground water suggesting that aquifer chemistry of ground water to be mainly controlled by EC, TDS, TH, and CaH. Similarly, highly significant correlations were found between the following pairs in gravity water: EC and TDS (r=0.983), TA and TDS(r=0.853), CaH and TDS (r=0.912), TH and TDS (r=0.955), EC and CaH (r=0.898), and between CaH and TH (r=0.951).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7074 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 52-56

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Drinking Water Quality Parameters for Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin ◽  
Jwan Bahadeen Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. Assessing the quality of water especially drinking water is one of the important processes worldwide which affect public health. In this study, the quality of drinking water in Sulaimani City is monitored for a study period of 1 year. A total number of 78 water samples were collected and analyzed for 17 physical and chemical properties of water supply system to the city. Samples of water are collected from the three main sources of drinking water for Sulaimani City (Sarchnar, Dukan line-1, and Dukan line-2) from February to August 2019. The results of physical and chemical parameters of collected water samples were compared with the World Health Organization and Iraqi standards for drinking water quality. The results of this study showed that mostly all parameters were within the standards except the turbidity parameter which was exceeded the allowable standards in some cases. This research concluded that, in general, the quality of drinking water at the three main sources of Sulaimani City is suitable and acceptable for drinking.

scholarly journals The Thickening Time of Ferrous Cement Slurry System in High-Pressure and High-Temperature Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-369
Author(s):  
S. Igbani ◽  
H. A. Ogoni ◽  
D. Appah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cement Slurry

Experimentally, the aim of this research paper is to investigate the thickening time (TT) of different ferrous cement slurry systems in high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) environment. Objectively, the study collected eight (8) samples of groundwater from 8 different boreholes, as mix-water, from the study area, Kolo Creek. These mix-water samples were subjected to water chemistry analysis, based on the American Public Health Association (APHA) drinking water test methods; the results obtained from these tests were benchmarked with the standard values of World Health Organisation (WHO), and Nigeria Standard Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards. These results reveal that, in each of the tested mix-water samples, ferrous ion (Fe2+) concentration was higher (0.52 to 6.82mg/L); which is greater than 0.3mg/L, and this was the only chemical parameter that was in strong disagreement with the WHO’s and NSDWQ’s Drinking Water Quality standards. Subsequently, each of these ferrous mix-waters were used in the formulation of cement slurries at the water-to-cement ratio of 0.44 in batches; each of these formulated slurries were used, to test for the effects of ferrous ion concentration in mix-water on the TT performances of the slurries. These TT tests were performed using the Chandler model 7322 HPHT Consistometer. These tests were conducted based on the API Specification 10A methods of 1995. Generally, the results obtained reveal that, as the concentration of Fe2+increases in the mix-water, the TT of the cement slurry accelerated in the HPHT environment. This means that the cement slurry set faster. Also, this set-fast behaviour of high ferrous ion concentration towards slurry suggested that, high concentration of ferrous ion induced the exothermic reaction of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) during the hydration of the ferrous cement slurry. Therefore, ferrous neat cement slurry is only suitable for cementing shallow oil-well, except retarding additives are added into the slurry.

scholarly journals Assessment of Radon Levels in Drinking Water Wells in St. Catherine, Jamaica

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Smith ◽  
Mitko Voutchkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Study Results

Background. Radon is a known carcinogen and contaminant in drinking water wells, but is not monitored in drinking water quality programs in Jamaica. Objective. The present study was conducted to obtain radon data in local drinking water and evaluate potential health risks. The data will contribute to determining the level of compliance to public health criteria for radon and to develop a monitoring program based on the identified risks. Methods. This study assesses the concentration of radon in 22 drinking water wells in the parish of St. Catherine, Jamaica. Samples were collected for radon, with 12 other measurements gathered including pH, conductivity, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, phosphates, nitrates, chloride, sulfates, turbidity, well depth and geological features. The data were analyzed for compliance to international limits and association with geological and other parameters. Results. The average radon level was 18 Bq/L ± 2 Bq/L and varied from a low of 11 Bq/L ± 1 Bq/L to a high of 41 Bq/L ± 1 Bq/L. There was a positive correlation between radon levels and both alkalinity and turbidity. No relationship of any significance, however, was identified with the other physicochemical parameters. All the study results fell within the European Union (EU) limit of 100 Bq/L, and well within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limit of 147 Bq/L. Most of the wells in this parish have radon levels exceeding the proposed USEPA limit of 11 Bq/L. The proposed limits are intended to support radon mitigation programs to manage radon in air. No limits are provided in the newest edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for Safe Drinking Water Quality. Conclusions. Most wells in the study area met existing international limits. Almost all, however, did not meet the proposed USEPA limit for locations without radon mitigation programs. This indicates the need to establish national screening levels for radon, consistent with WHO and USEPA recommendations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Icp-Ms Determination of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Sources in Jazan Area, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Albratty ◽  
Ismail Arbab ◽  
Hassan Alhazmi ◽  
Ibraheem Attafi ◽  
Abdul Al-Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Icp Ms

Requisite reference facts about essential elements in treated and plastic bottled drinking water is usually mentioned on the products. However, more information is sometime crucial regarding trace elements in treated, bottled and other sources of drinking water such as tap water to evaluate their quality. This study is aimed to evaluate drinking water quality in the main governorates (Jazan, Sabya and Abu Arish) of Jazan province located in the South-Western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is the first such study carried out in Jazan city so that the research team can come out with valuable recommendations in the issue. The research team has collected a sum of 68 water samples from different sources comprising hospitals (treated tap water), stations for drinking water treatment (large blue bottles of drinking water) and bottled drinking water (purchased from local markets). Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the concentrations of 20 elements were determined. The physiochemical parameters of water samples were measured. All parameters were within the recommended limits of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization (GSO, 2008). Trace and major elements were found to be below the standard guideline values , except for uranium in some tap water samples. This preliminary study will significantly improve the awareness and knowledge among the society about the drinking water quality in Jazan area.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Disparities in the United States in Relation to Heavy Metals and Biological Contaminants

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Kaleh Karim ◽  
Sujata Guha ◽  
Ryan Beni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Household Incomes

Drinking water quality can be compromised by heavy metals, such as copper and lead. If consumed raw, water can pose a health burden to the general population. In this study, the roles of heavy metals and biological contaminants have been explored in determining the quality of drinking water available to consumers of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. In an effort to gain an understanding of possible social disparities in drinking water, a quantitative analysis was conducted to examine whether vulnerable populations are disproportionately impacted by drinking water contaminants. Our data indicated that states with middle-average household incomes were statistically more susceptible to higher levels of lead in drinking water. The states with higher-average household incomes demonstrated lower copper levels compared to those with lower incomes, although a direct correlation was not present. No statistical significance was observed in the total coliform and turbidity levels in correlation to the average household incomes. In general, more violations in water quality were prevalent in middle-income states when compared to the states with lower-average household incomes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Groundwater from Samaru, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Auwal Mohammed ◽  
Saheed Garba ◽  
Sule A Abdullahi ◽  
Hasan U Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
North Western

The chemical properties of selected heavy metals in groundwater from selected locations in Samaru, Zaria were determined and compared with Nigerian standards.Water samples were collected and chemical properties were determined. The Chemical properties such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe) Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), and Nickel (Ni) were determined. The chemical properties were determined following the American Public Health Association (APHA) procedure. The Data were analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The findings showed that Pb, Zn, Cu, Co in all the samples and Fe in samples B, D, F, and G` were within the acceptable limit. While Cd, Mn, and Ni in all the samples and Fe in samples A, C, E, and H were more than the acceptable limit as presented in Table 2. Therefore the results show that the Samaru Groundwater is not totally good for consumption since Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), and Nickel (Ni) were more than the acceptable limit. Moreover, it is recommended that urgent prevention measures should be put in place to prevent increased concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni as a result of anthropogenic activities.Keywords: Concentration, Drinking water quality, Groundwater, Heavy metals.

scholarly journals Variation of Water Quality of Four Micro Watersheds Outlets in Upstream of Mahaweli River during Maha Cropping Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Abeysingha ◽  
M.I. Madusanka ◽  
B. Rotawewa ◽  
N. Gunasena
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health

Non-point source, agriculture based pollutants have been identified as one of the main cause for water pollution in Sri Lanka. Naranhinna, Pambadeniya Kappeti-Ela, and Rajamale micro watersheds located in the Kandy district have been identified by the project on Rehabilitation of degraded agricultural lands in the Central Highlands implemented by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) to rehabilitate through watershed management plan. This study assessed the baseline water quality status of these micro watersheds by obtaining water samples at the outlet of each watersheds during the Maha cropping seasons 2018/2019. Three replicates water samples from each outlets were collected six times and analysed for EC , pH, TDS, CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, NH4+, available P, total K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb using standard methods. Most of the tested drinking water quality parameters in all four micro watersheds were within the permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) standard except Fe and NH4+. Observed Fe contents exceeded the WHO limits (0.3 mg/L) of all watersheds and was in the range of 1.2-1.5 mg/L. Concentration of NH4+ at Kappeti Ela, Rajamale, and Pambadeniya was in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 mg/L which exceeded the WHO standard (0.5 mg/L). Using the tested parameters, study calculated drinking water quality index (DWQI) and also irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for all investigated micro watersheds for each of the sampling date. According to the guideline, mean DWQI (19 to 48.1) graded the water of all micro watersheds as excellent while IWQI (8.7-9.2) characterised them as excellent for any crops during the study period.

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