scholarly journals Generation of microplastics from the opening and closing of disposable plastic water bottles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Large Spread ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Disposable Plastic

Abstract There has recently been a significant increase in interest regarding the prevalence of microplastics in bottled water. Previous studies have shown that the composition of many of the microplastics in bottled water is consistent with the materials of the bottle and bottle cap. The focus of this study is to quantify microplastic particle generation from the cap and bottle interaction during open and close cycles. Nile Red dye was used for the detection of microplastics >4.7 μm in size. Microplastic contamination levels in the water were found to increase as the bottle cap is opened and closed repeatedly. The rate of generation of particles with bottle opening and closing cycles (553 ± 202 microplastics/L/cycle) is adequate to account for the total particle density in the water. This clearly demonstrates that the abrasion between the bottle cap and bottleneck is the dominant mechanism for the generation of microplastic contamination detected in bottled water. A large spread between the maximum and minimum levels of microplastic contamination for bottles from the same lot, regardless of the number of times the cap is opened and closed, suggests that mechanical tolerances in the manufacturing of bottles and caps might play an important role in microplastic generation.

scholarly journals Silicon Nanomembrane Filtration and Imaging for the Evaluation of Microplastic Entrainment along a Municipal Water Delivery Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10655
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Madejski ◽  
S. Danial Ahmad ◽  
Jonathan Musgrave ◽  
Jonathan Flax ◽  
Joseph G. Madejski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymers ◽  
Silicon Nanomembrane ◽  
Debris Transport ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Red Dye

To better understand the origin of microplastics in municipal drinking water, we evaluated 50 mL water samples from different stages of the City of Rochester’s drinking water production and transport route, from Hemlock Lake to the University of Rochester. We directly filtered samples using silicon nitride nanomembrane filters with precisely patterned slit-shaped pores, capturing many of the smallest particulates (<20 µm) that could be absorbed by the human body. We employed machine learning algorithms to quantify the shapes and quantity of debris at different stages of the water transport process, while automatically segregating out fibrous structures from particulate. Particulate concentrations ranged from 13 to 720 particles/mL at different stages of the water transport process and fibrous pollution ranged from 0.4 to 8.3 fibers/mL. A subset of the debris (0.2–8.6%) stained positively with Nile red dye which identifies them as hydrophobic polymers. Further spectroscopic analysis also indicated the presence of many non-plastic particulates, including rust, silicates, and calcium scale. While water leaving the Hemlock Lake facility is mostly devoid of debris, transport through many miles of piping results in the entrainment of a significant amount of debris, including plastics, although in-route reservoirs and end-stage filtration serve to reduce these concentrations.

Influence of the composition and structure of epoxy siloxane matrix on the spectral behavior of the nile red dye: I. Sol-gel system based on tetraethoxysilane and a mixture of epoxy resins

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Movchan ◽  
T. V. Khamova ◽  
O. A. Shilova ◽  
Yu. A. Plachev ◽  
N. P. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Spectral Behavior ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Gel System

Grating-tuned dual-wavelength Nile red dye laser

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 4345
Author(s):  
Yuwei Fang ◽  
Junjie Cheng ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Tianhao Dong ◽  
Shengbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Red ◽  
Dye Laser ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Red Dye

Photoinduced energy transfer in dye encapsulated polymer nanoparticle–CdTe quantum dot light harvesting assemblies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simanta Kundu ◽  
Santanu Bhattacharyya ◽  
Amitava Patra
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Cdte Quantum Dots ◽  
Cdte Quantum Dot ◽  
Red Dye

The efficient resonance energy transfer from CdTe quantum dots (donors) to Nile Red dye (acceptor) encapsulated PMMA nanoparticles for light harvesting is described.

scholarly journals Microplastics in the drinking water of the Riobamba city, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Paredes ◽  
Elba Bodero ◽  
Tito Castillo ◽  
Gabriela Fuentes ◽  
Rafaela Viteri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
The City ◽  
Cellulose Filter

The city of Riobamba captures for human consumption groundwater from melting glaciers, from seven wells in the foothills of the Chimborazo volcano. The objective is determine the percentage of existing microplastics in drinking water distribution system. Sixty two samples were collected, analysed with a cellulose filter and Nile red dye. Then observed in a stereoscope, obtaining presence in 12 samples of the 62 analysed. The results of the analysis show that there is a 19% presence of microplastics.

scholarly journals Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO ◽  
Deden Dewantara ERIS ◽  
Agustin Sri MULYATNI
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
The World ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Red Dye

AbstractPlastic wastes  have  become a serious problem  of  the world  because of  unbiodegradable  property. There are many  solutions to this problem  and  one of  them is by replacing conventional plastic base  material with  the  biodegradable  materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and  recently being developed  by  scientists  is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which  can be produced  by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations  from landfills waste and  palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using  0.05%  Nile red dye. The selection results showed  that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10  of  them could  accumulate PHA  which  could be detected qualitatively through  its  fluorescence in  UV  ray  at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated  respectively  from landfill and  palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively  6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification  of  the microbe concluded  that TH-D092  was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was  Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri  dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red  0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32  isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan  pendaran floresen pada sinar UV  pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan  sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut  6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO ◽  
Deden Dewantara ERIS ◽  
Agustin Sri MULYATNI
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
The World ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Red Dye

AbstractPlastic wastes  have  become a serious problem  of  the world  because of  unbiodegradable  property. There are many  solutions to this problem  and  one of  them is by replacing conventional plastic base  material with  the  biodegradable  materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and  recently being developed  by  scientists  is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which  can be produced  by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations  from landfills waste and  palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using  0.05%  Nile red dye. The selection results showed  that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10  of  them could  accumulate PHA  which  could be detected qualitatively through  its  fluorescence in  UV  ray  at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated  respectively  from landfill and  palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively  6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification  of  the microbe concluded  that TH-D092  was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was  Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri  dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red  0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32  isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan  pendaran floresen pada sinar UV  pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan  sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut  6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals Dry particle generation with a 3-D printed fluidized bed generator

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1999-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roesch ◽  
Carolin Roesch ◽  
Daniel J. Cziczo
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dust Sample ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Particle Generation ◽  
Total Particle Number ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Micrometer Size

Abstract. Here we describe the design and testing of PRIZE (PRinted fluidIZed bed gEnerator), a compact fluidized bed aerosol generator manufactured using stereolithography (SLA) printing. Dispersing small quantities of powdered materials – due to either rarity or expense – is challenging due to a lack of small, low-cost dry aerosol generators. With this as motivation, we designed and built a generator that uses a mineral dust or other dry powder sample mixed with bronze beads that sit atop a porous screen. A particle-free airflow is introduced, dispersing the sample as airborne particles. Total particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured during different stages of the assembling process to show that the SLA 3-D printed generator did not generate particles until the mineral dust sample was introduced. Time-series measurements with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) showed stable total particle number concentrations of 10–150 cm−3, depending on the sample mass, from the sub- to super-micrometer size range. Additional tests with collected soil dust samples are also presented. PRIZE is simple to assemble, easy to clean, inexpensive and deployable for laboratory and field studies that require dry particle generation.

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