Use of bank filtration systems in the sub-tropical region of the lower Brahmaputra valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medalson Ronghang ◽  
Pranjal Barman ◽  
Hemantajeet Medhi ◽  
Kamal Kumar Brahma ◽  
Arup Kumar Misra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Well Yield ◽  
Aquifer Characteristics

Abstract River bank filtration (RBF) is a natural method of obtaining surface water from a river or lake via the sub-surface for domestic use. It has been intensively used worldwide to augment water supply systems for sustainability and can be operated under various conditions. Its energy requirements are comparatively lower than those of conventional water treatment systems. Field investigations were carried out at various locations in Kokrajhar district of Assam, India to assess groundwater quality and aquifer characteristics. The results suggest that major water quality parameters were within the Indian drinking water standards. The iron concentration exceeded the permissible maximum in more than 50% of samples from hand pumps, its concentration ranging between 0.33 and 3.50 mg/L. The pH was mostly in the range 5.4 to 7.4, suggesting that the water is slightly acidic. Aquifer and riverbed material collected along the banks of the Gaurang River were sieved, and classified as coarse silt to fine gravel, with gravel and sand predominant. The hydraulic conductivity, determined from the grain size distributions, were between 5 × 10−3 and 1.4 × 10−2 m/s, suggesting good aquifer permeability. The maximum safe well yield was estimated at 2,000 to 7,500 L/min, and the mean travel time at less than a week during the monsoon and more than 3 years under non-monsoon conditions. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the RBF method for treating river water naturally under wet climatic conditions. The lower Brahmaputra basin is a unique physiographic setting with a powerful monsoon regime and a fragile geological base. The approach was to prepare a comparative study of water quality and aquifer characteristics with the present site and few active RBF sites.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMUKIMAN DAN KEGIATAN DI TEPI SUNGAI TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BARU BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Ariane Pratiwi ◽  
◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Diana Irvindiaty Hendrawan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Baru Barat River is a man made river for flood and irrigation control. This study aims to determine the effect of activities on the bank on Baru Barat River on the water quality. Identification of activities is carried out along the bank of river. Water quality parameters are compared with the Governor of Jakarta no. 582 year 2005. The status of water quality is determined using the Pollution Inde (PI). The activities around the Baru Barat River are settlements, officem workshop, schools, deales, food stall, laundry, shops, beauty salons, guesthouses and gas station. BOD concentration range from 8.4-43.7 mg/L with a quality standard of 10 mg/L and COD range from 16-99.2 mg/L with a quality standard of 20 mg/L. Concentration of BOD and COD that exceed of quality standard at almost all sampling ponts. The level of pollutionj in the Baru Barat River is moderate polluted. The main problem at Baru Barat River are the presence of several illegal waste point left from activities that eventually enter the river and the absence of waste water treatment. The concept of community based must be implemented to waste management and communal wastewater treatment that are easy, inexpensive and integrated with the landscape. Keywords: Baru Barat River, river bank, water pollution index, river quality, domestic waste water

Water Quality across the River Ganga Basin in India: Trends, Dominant Geochemical Processes and Impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Richards ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Contaminant Distribution

<p>In a basin-wide survey of the River Ganga and key tributaries, from the Himalayan source to the Bay of Bengal in India, we aim to improve the conceptual understanding of downstream water quality trends along > 2000 km.  Here we explore the spatial distribution of a suite of inorganic and organic chemicals, nutrients and wastewater indicators to determine the dominant geochemical process controls across the basin.  Sampling was undertaken at 81 sites in the post-monsoon period of 2019.  We use chemical signatures to identify likely sources, characterise potential higher-pollution zones and to determine the relative importance of regional versus localized controls on the observed water quality parameters, including in relation to contaminant type.  The influence from key tributaries is determined.  We seek to unravel the relative importance of mechanisms such as dilution, evaporation, water-rock interactions and anthropogenic inputs in controlling contaminant distribution.  We assess the representativeness of river bank sampling in comparison to cross-river transects in select locations.  We compare our data to historical records across previous annual cycles, noting differences in extent of agreement according to contaminant type.  This coordinated, catchment-wide survey presents a much broader and more comprehensive dataset than typically reported, hence leading to substantially improved process understanding of dominant controls on contaminant distribution across the catchment.  This work may have implications on informing future monitoring efforts and in identifying future remediation priorities.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements </strong>This research was supported by the NERC-DST Indo-UK Water Quality Programme (NE/R003386/1 and DST/TM/INDO-UK/2K17/55(C) & 55(G) to DP et al; NE/R003106/1 and DST/TM/INDO-UK/2K17/30 to DR et al.), NE/R000131/1 to Jenkins et al. and a Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw Fellowship (LR).</p>

scholarly journals Can Material and Energy Be Saved by Differentiating Water Quality Targets in the Water Purification Process?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8730
Author(s):  
Sébastien M. R. Dente ◽  
Toshiyuki Shimizu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Seiji Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Product Service ◽  
The Cost

The current organization of water supply systems demands drinking standards for all the households’ usage of water. Few dual water systems, i.e., systems in which the quality of the water supplied is differentiated by types of use, exist but are mainly circumscribed to developing countries. Besides, bath and showers are so far considered as a potable use of water despite only drinking and cooking activities requiring the high-quality standards of potable water. The present work demonstrates how the principles of dual water systems can be incorporated into the sustainable concept of product-service system (PSS) using a dual water system of a municipal water supply treatment plant in France as a case study. The PSS is based on the water quality, and the bathing activity of households is considered with a dedicated standard for the first time. Two systems are considered, S1 and S2, supplied with the same raw water quality and treated with drinking (S1) bathing standards (S2). The quality parameters considered are total organic carbon (TOC) and turbidity (T) and the potential savings related to costs, material, and energy consumptions are assessed using EVALEAU as a process modeling tool. The treatment lines consisted of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition, coagulation, flocculation, settling, and rapid sand filtration. Results show that material consumption can be reduced by 41% mainly through the decrease in chemical consumption associated with the change of requirement for the TOC parameter. On the opposite, energy consumption was found dependent on the water of volume treated rather than its quality leading to only marginal savings. The cost was decreased by 37% as a result of the reduction of the chemicals consumed.

scholarly journals Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During River Bank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács ◽  
Balázs László ◽  
Ernő Fleit ◽  
Katalin Czichat-Mártonné ◽  
Gábor Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
River Water ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
River Bank Filtration

This paper summarizes results from a half-year sampling campaign in Budapest, when Danube River water and bank filtrate were analyzed for 36 emerging micropollutants. Twelve micropollutants were detected regularly in both river water and bank filtrate. Bisphenol A, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole showed low removal (<20%) during bank filtration on Szentendre Island and Csepel island, whereas 1H-benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, diclofenac, cefepime, iomeprol, metazachlor, and acesulfame showed medium to high removal rates of up to 78%. The concentration range in bank filtrate was much lower compared to river water, proving the equilibration effect of bank filtration for water quality.

Studies of River Water Quality Using River Bank Filtration in Uttarakhand, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Tyagi ◽  
Rajendra Dobhal ◽  
P. C. Kimothi ◽  
L. K. Adlakha ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Filtration

scholarly journals In-Situ Water Quality Observations under a Large-Scale Floating Solar Farm Using Sensors and Underwater Drones

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6421
Author(s):  
Rui L. Pedroso de Lima ◽  
Katerina Paxinou ◽  
Floris C. Boogaard ◽  
Olof Akkerman ◽  
Fen-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Floating Structure

The rapid implementation of large scale floating solar panels has consequences to water quality and local ecosystems. Environmental impacts depend on the dimensions, design and proportions of the system in relation to the size of the surface water, as well as the characteristics of the water system (currents, tidal effects) and climatic conditions. There is often no time (and budget) for thorough research into these effects on ecology and water quality. A few studies have addressed the potential impacts of floating solar panels, but often rely on models without validation with in situ data. In this work, water quality sensors continuously monitored key water quality parameters at two different locations: (i) underneath a floating solar park; (ii) at a reference location positioned in open water. An underwater drone was used to obtain vertical profiles of water quality and to collect underwater images. The results showed little differences in the measured key water quality parameters below the solar panels. The temperature at the upper layers of water was lower under the solar panels, and there were less detected temperature fluctuations. A biofouling layer on the floating structure was visible in the underwater images a few months after the construction of the park.

scholarly journals Towards improved instrumentation for assessing river-groundwater interactions in a restored river corridor

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2503-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schneider ◽  
T. Vogt ◽  
M. Schirmer ◽  
J. A. Doetsch ◽  
N. Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Restoration ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
High Resolution Data

Abstract. River restoration projects have been launched over the last two decades to improve the ecological status and water quality of regulated rivers. As most restored rivers are not monitored at all, it is difficult to predict consequences of restoration projects or analyze why restorations fail or are successful. It is thus necessary to implement efficient field assessment strategies, for example by employing sensor networks that continuously measure physical parameters at high spatial and temporal resolution. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of an instrumentation strategy for monitoring changes in bank filtration, hydrological connectivity, groundwater travel time and quality due to river restoration. We specifically designed and instrumented a network of monitoring wells at the Thur River (NE Switzerland), which is partly restored and mainly channelized since more than 100 years. Our results show that bank filtration – especially in a restored section with alternating riverbed morphology – is variable in time and space. Consequently, our monitoring network sensing physical and sampling chemical water quality parameters was adapted in response to that variability. Although not available at our test site, we consider long-term measurements – ideally initialized before and continued after restoration – as a fundamental step, towards predicting consequences of river restoration for groundwater quality. As a result, process-based models could be adapted and evaluated using these types of high-resolution data sets.

scholarly journals Exchange between a river and groundwater, assessed with hydrochemical data

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 9023-9042 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hoehn ◽  
A. Scholtis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Groundwater Composition

Abstract. We describe the chemical composition of groundwater from an alluvial granular aquifer in a valley fill flood plain (River Thur Valley). The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical processes, which are necessary to manage groundwater quality during river restorations. The river flows along this valley and is mostly downwelling on its way, indirectly through an unsaturated zone in the upstream part, and directly through the water-saturated bed in the downstream part. River Thur has been channelized with barriers for more than a century. Since 1992, the authorities started to restore sections of River Thur with river-bed enlargements. Several wells near the river draw groundwater, which is partly to mainly recharged by bank filtration. Many alpine and perialpine rivers have a total mineralization in the order of 200–400 mg L−1 and the chemical composition of the main constituents is of a Ca-Mg-HCO3-(NO3) type. The groundwater composition changes with increasing distance from the downwelling river and with increasing depth in the aquifer. The groundwater body consists of a mixture of groundwater from the seepage of precipitation and from river-bank filtration. The main difference between river water and groundwater results from the microbial activity in river-bed and bank materials. This activity leads to a consumption of O2 and to a higher partial pressure in CO2 in the groundwater. A spatial distribution of different groundwater types was established with geochemical mapping of concentration data, and with fluid logging. Criteria for the distinction of different groundwater compositions are the distance of a well from the river and the subsurface residence time of the groundwater to reach this well. Some of the groundwater has a very short residence time in the subsurface of days to weeks, and some of months to years. Groundwater in the River Thur valley aquifer is not pristine. The land use in the flood plain and the seasonal and climatic conditions (e.g., hot dry summer 2003) result in alterations of the natural geochemical groundwater composition. Time-series measurements of nitrate (from agricultural impact in the catchment) and chloride showed temporal changes in groundwater composition. Bed enlargements in river corridors can lead to a reduction of groundwater residence times and to an increase of riverbank filtration in nearby wells, which increases their contamination risk.

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