scholarly journals Removal of pollutants by mycelium colonized sawdust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osayomwanbo Osarenotor ◽  
Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽  
Isoken Tito Aighewic
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract Slaughterhouses generate wastewater daily and often discharge it to the environment. Many lack wastewater treatment systems, due to such systems' typically high cost and technological demands. In this study slaughterhouse wastewater was filtered through columns of mycelium – Pleurotus ostreatus – grown on sawdust substrates of different particle sizes. The columns' pollutant removal efficiencies were evaluated for color, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The best color (75%), BOD (88%) and total nitrogen (86%) removal efficiencies were recorded with 2.36 mm particle size and 9 cm depth. Electrical conductivity removal efficiency was best with 2.36 mm particle size but 3 cm bed depth. The study showed that particle size has a significant effect on physiochemical pollutant removal by mycelium-colonized sawdust systems.

Malt house wastewater treatment with settleable algal-bacterial flocs

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1796-1802
Author(s):  
Luboš Stříteský ◽  
Radka Pešoutová ◽  
Petr Hlavínek
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

This paper deals with biological treatment of malt house wastewater using algal-bacterial flocs. During three months of testing, optimisation of growth conditions and biomass separation leads to maximisation of biomass production, improved flocs settleability and increased pollutant removal efficiency while maintaining low energy demand. At a high food to microorganism ratio (0.16 to 0.29 kg BOD5 kg−1 TSS d−1), the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), total phosphorus (Ptot) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiencies were all higher than 90%. At a food to microorganism ratio of 0.06 kg BOD5 kg−1 TSS d−1, BOD5, CODCr, total nitrogen (Ntot), Ptot and TSS removal efficiencies of 99.5%, 97.6%, 91.5%, 97.8% and 98.4%, respectively, were achieved. The study also proved a strong dependence of removal efficiencies on solar radiation. The results suggest the algae-bacteria system is suitable for treatment of similar wastewater in locations with available land and sufficient solar radiation and temperature during the whole year.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physicochemical parameters in wastewater from Muhammad Ayuba dam in Kazaure, Jigawa state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
S.O. Oladeji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

Evaluation of physicochemical parameters namely alkalinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), hardness, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the wastewater samples collected from Muhammad Ayuba dam in Kazaure, Nigeria. The study was conducted during harmattan season for a period of three months from November, 2019 – January, 2020. All the parameters were analysed using conventional methods. The results showed their concentrations were in the range of 1.00 – 1.50 mg/L for alkalinity, 3.00 – 3.45 mg/L for BOD, 12.45 – 24.00 mg/L for COD, 745 – 1200 µS/cm for conductivity, 5.50 – 6.30 mg/L for DO, 1.82 – 2.45 mg/L for hardness, 7.20 – 7.90 for pH and 410 – 440 mg/L for TDS. The concentrations of these parameters in the wastewater were observed less than World Health Organization (WHO) tolerance limits with exception of electrical conductivity that was above 1000 µS/cm after four weeks of investigation. This study revealed gradual build-up of various ions in the dam water due to the mixing of contaminated wastewater from the adjacent community. Therefore, the periodical monitoring of different physicochemical parameters of the dam water should put in place as to evaluate their environmental impacts and possible potential risks.

Domestic wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland system planted with rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2376-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwasa Kantawanichkul ◽  
Wanida Duangjaisak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The experiments were conducted in four concrete laboratory scale free water surface constructed wetland units 1 m wide, 1.5 m long and 0.8 m deep. Paddy field soil was added to a depth of 0.4 m and rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were transplanted into the units at a density of 25 plants/m2. Domestic wastewater collected from Chiang Mai University was applied into each unit via two different modes to evaluate suitable conditions for wastewater treatment and rice yield. In the first experiment, the wastewater was fed intermittently (7 h/day) with a hydraulic loading rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm/day. The maximum removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were only 49.1, 58.7, 64.0 and 59.4%, respectively, due to the short hydraulic retention time for the biodegradation of organic substances. In the second experiment, the wastewater in each unit was inundated to a depth of 15 cm for 10, 15, 20 and 25 days in each unit and then drained and re-flooded. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total kjedahl nitrogen and suspended solids were greater than in the first experiment especially at the 25 day retention time and except for suspended solids met the Thai national effluent standard. The study revealed that apart from wastewater treatment, wastewater can replace natural water to grow rice in the dry season or throughout the year. Moreover, nutrients in wastewater can be a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Rice grain production was 4,700 kg/ha and only 6% less than the production from the conventional paddy field.

Surface Water Quality Assessment and Prediction Modelling of Kathajodi River

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Sipra Mallick ◽  
F Baliarsingh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Neural Network

Water quality index (WQI), a technique of rating water quality, is an effective tool to access quality and ensure sustainable safe use of water for drinking. The main objective of the present study is to access the surface water quality of Kathajodi river for knowing the suitability of drinking purpose by calculating the WQI. Samples were collected from selected locations during different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a period of 3 years (2011, 2012, 2013). Water quality assessment was carried out for the parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, Alkalinity, Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Chloride, Nitrate, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium. The main objective is to develop a model to assess and predict the water quality changes of Kathajodi River Basin Odisha, India using neural networks and compared with the statistical methods. The result shows the proposed ANN prediction model has a great potential to simulate and predict the strongly correlated parameters like TSS (Total Suspended Solids), TDS(Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand)with Mean Square Error (MSE) : TSSMSE = 1.78 ; TDSMSE = 0; AlkalinityMSE = 3.77 and BODMSE = 8E-03.The Neural Network model has been compared with Linear Regression model to find out the best modelling approach for the study area. And it is concluded that the neural network model is superior to Linear Regression Model.

scholarly journals Biological Treatment of Dairy Wastewater using Bio Enzyme from Citrus Fruit Peels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater

Wastewater is directly discharged into the ground or other water sources; it causes soil pollution and it affects the nature of the soil. Hence it is necessary to treat the wastewater before discharging. The objective is to treat the dairy wastewater using Bio Enzyme. Bio Enzyme is produced by the fermentation process of citric fruit peels, water, and jaggery. To reduce the time of the fermentation process, yeast is added into the Bio Enzyme. Then the parameters like Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Total Solids(TS), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Total Suspended Solids(TSS), pH, Alkalinity, Chlorides and Oil & Grease present in Dairy wastewater after the treatment using Bio Enzyme in different percentages (2%,4%&6%) were found. Then from the results the efficient percentage of Bio Enzyme for treating the Diary Wastewater was found.

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Filters for Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Biochar Type, Physical Properties and Operating Conditions

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Perez-Mercado ◽  
Cecilia Lalander ◽  
Christina Berger ◽  
Sahar Dalahmeh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Onsite Wastewater ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment

The potential of biochar as a filter medium for onsite wastewater treatment was investigated in five sub-studies. Sub-study 1 compared pollutant removal from wastewater using pine-spruce biochar, willow biochar and activated biochar (undefined biomass) filters. Sub-study 2 investigated the effects of particle size (0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 mm) on pollutant removal using pine-spruce biochar filters. In sub-studies 3 and 4, the effects of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR; 32–200 L m−2) and organic loading rates (OLR; 5–20 g biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) m−2) on pollutant removal using pine-spruce biochar filters were investigated, while sub-study 5 compared pollutant removal in pine-spruce biochar filters and in sand. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Tot-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), phosphates (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) was monitored in all sub-studies. All types of biochar and all particle sizes of pine-spruce biochar achieved a high degree of removal of organic material (COD > 90%). Removal of Tot-P and PO4-P was higher in willow biochar and activated biochar (>70%) than in pine-spruce biochar during the first two months, but then decreased to similar levels as in pine-spruce biochar. Among the particle sizes tested, 0.7 mm pine-spruce biochar showed the lowest amount of Tot-P removal, while 2.8 mm pine-spruce biochar showed the lowest level of NH4-N removal. Different OLRs and HLRs did not influence COD removal (94–95%). Pine-spruce biochar showed a better degree of removal of Tot-N than sand. In conclusion, biochar is a promising filter medium for onsite wastewater treatment as a replacement or complement to sand, achieving high and robust performance regardless of the parent material, particle size or loading conditions.

scholarly journals Performance of a Novel Decentralised Sewage Treatment Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dong Sheng Shen ◽  
Bao Cheng Huang ◽  
Hua Jun Feng ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Jiang Ming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Surface Load ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

A novel decentralised sewage treatment reactor (DSTR) for treating domestic sewage in rural areas was designed and investigated. The reactor was started aerobically after inoculation with biomass; the amount of initial mixed liquid suspended solids was 1.5 g/L. Oxygen was supplied to the reactor and the dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained at 1.3 ± 0.2 mg/L. The pollutant removal performance was investigated, and the average removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD),NH4+-N, suspended solids, and turbidity were 76%, 77.15%, 84.17%, and 83.93%, respectively. The DSTR exhibited good performance compared with the traditional activated sludge (AS) reactor. The resistance to impact load of the DSTR was superior to that of the AS reactor during surface load experiments. During the 120 days of operation, no sludge bulking was observed. The DSTR effluentNH4+-Nand TCOD levels were a little higher than those for the AS reactor, but the disparity was not major.

scholarly journals Quality of surface water related to land use: a case study in a catchment with small farms and intensive vegetable crop production in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Hacke Ribeiro ◽  
Nerilde Favaretto ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
Luiz Cláudio de Paula Souza ◽  
Jean Paolo Gomes Minella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen

Water degradation is strongly related to agricultural activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of land use and some environmental components on surface water quality in the Campestre catchment, located in Colombo, state of Parana, Brazil. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed (total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, turbidity, total solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen). Monthly samples of the river water were taken over one year at eight monitoring sites, distributed over three sub-basins. Overall, water quality was worse in the sub-basin with a higher percentage of agriculture, and was also affected by a lower percentage of native forest and permanent preservation area, and a larger drainage area. Water quality was also negatively affected by the presence of agriculture in the riparian zone. In the summer season, probably due to higher rainfall and intensive soil use, a higher concentration of total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen was observed, as well as higher electrical conductivity, pH and turbidity. All attributes, except for total phosphorus, were in compliance with Brazilian Conama Resolution Nº 357/2005 for freshwater class 1. However, it should be noted that these results referred to the base flow and did not represent a discharge condition since most of the water samples were not collected at or near the rainfall event.

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