scholarly journals Charging to enter the water shop? The costs of urban water connections for the poor

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.A. Franceys
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The cost of new water connections for poor urban dwellers in middle and low-income economies, that is the official fees, costs of pipework and additional costs, is reported from a global survey of water utilities and a four country, two city questionnaire of newly connected households. The objective is to investigate whether directly ‘charging to enter the water shop’ is the most effective means of recovering costs for the water utility whilst ensuring maximum access to the urban poor who benefit most from convenient access to clean, affordable water.

Kaantabay Sa Kauswagan: Empowering the Urban Poor in Naga City, Philippines

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Prilles
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Central Government ◽  
City Government ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Resources And Capabilities ◽  
Vital Factor

Initiated in 1989, the KsK programme (literally Partners in Development) shows how a tri-partite approach of pooling resources and capabilities of private landowners, city and central government and the poor can be used to improve urban living conditions. Strong political will and an enlightened perception of the poor has enabled a city government to reduce poverty, manage urbanisation and improve quality of life in urban areas. Eighty-one per cent of the 7,400 low-income houses have been improved to date. Strong community participation has been a vital factor in achieving this success.

scholarly journals Poor Settlements in Chittagong city, Bangladesh: The context of Pollution and Health Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Alak Paul ◽  
Md Nakib Haider ◽  
Naznin Nahar Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
The Government

Background: The rapid rate of urbanization in Bangladesh has created some adverse effects on the overall urban environmental health of the cities. Among all, mass poverty, expansion of poor neighbourhood, inadequate supply of urban services such as water, sanitation, waste disposal etc. are mostly responsible for health risks of urban people particularly in low income areas. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to determine the health risks of the environmentally poor neighbourhoods in Chittagong city by exploring the discourse of pollution, risk, and stigma. Methods: The study is predominantly based on qualitative data collection methods like participant observations, a case study and FGDs. The method has delivered an in-depth understanding of the pollution-related risks, the physical and mental sufferings of the urban poor due to  pollution. Though it is solely a qualitative study, the study is complemented  by a quantitative survey method and  personal interviews. Findings: The study revealed that there are two leading environmental risk factors– the structural setting of the neighbourhood and coping practices to everyday life of the poor settlers, who  affect the neighbourhood environment. The poor structured living houses, shared kitchens in the environmentally hazardous area, dirty playgrounds, unhygienic latrines, and waste disposal sites near neighbourhoods enhance the risk of diseases and injuries for inhabitants. Similarly, lack of access to pure drinking water, fuel, are generating health risks. Consequently, dwellers, especially women and children, suffer from cough and cold, diarrhoea, gastric/acidity, worm disease, respiratory illness, scabies, headache, allergy, and jaundice regular interval of time. Conclusion: The study concludes that  physical structure of the neighbourhood, and the physical and mental sufferings of its inhabitants are interdependent. To reduce the sufferings of inhabitants and their health hazards can be reduced with the combined efforts of the  Government and the NGOs and  the local people as well.  Implications: This findings of the study can be useful to the  concerned authorities of Bangladesh in planning appropriate policies to  control pollution and minimize health risks.  For that purpose this study can serve as reference.

Materials for Extension Low-Income Housing: The Case of Bang Bua Community in Bangkok, Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayatat Tonmitr
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Low Income Housing

Housing for the poor in Thailand in a period of a decade, Baan Mankong Programme (BMP) has been largely focused. This paper focuses on an architectural engineering point of view to explore the housing phenomena with its conversion as well as the usage of extension materials. Extension materials are clarified and made categorizations to unveil the trends of practical urban poor housing case, Bang Bua community in Bangkok, Thailand. Two types of extension were apparent which roof and wall extensions are. The imperative factors to be determined for the extension materials consist of easiness of affordability, easiness of installation, materials cost, durability of usage as well as social situation; safety for instance.

scholarly journals Low income housing problems and low-income housing solutions: opportunities and challenges in Bulawayo

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chigwenya Average
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The City ◽  
Low Income Housing

Abstract The provision of housing for the low-income has been a major problem in many countries and the developing world has been hard hit. This inability has been the chief cause of the burgeoning slum settlement in cities of the globe where one billion people live in slum areas. The solution to the housing problem lies in the opening up of stakeholders’ participation in the provision of housing, where government, non-governmental organisation, multilateral agencies and the community can play a critical role. Critical in the whole process is the participation of urban poor in the provision of housing for the poor, where they are critical actors in defining housing programmes that best suit the urban poor. This research seeks to analyse the initiatives that have been taken by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo in providing housing for the poor. The research made use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in investigating the matter. Questionnaire was the main instrument to collect quantitative data and interviews and field observations were used to collect qualitative data. The research showed that there are a lot positive initiatives by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo to provide house for the urban poor and these initiatives appear appealing to the poor as they are giving them a roof over their heads, which was never a dream in their lives. Though they appear noble they however fall far too short to provide sustainable housing to the poor as they appear to be a potential health hazard for the city. There is need for city authorities or any interested stakeholder to provide more support to such initiatives so that they can provide more sustainable housing for the poor. This will produce a housing scheme that will contribute to reduction of slum dwellers as called by the Millennium Development Goals.

Poverty and Protectionism

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Y. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Major Consideration ◽  
The U.S

The United States had a trade deficit of $170 billion in 1987 and, even though the value of the dollar has been declining, the deficit has shown no consistent pattern of improvement. The magnitude and persistence of the trade imbalance has led to a great deal of discussion of its impact on the U.S. economy and of policies that might be used to correct the imbalance. One major consideration that is often overlooked is the distributional and equity effect of the trade situation on the poor. While some advocates embrace protectionist policies as a means of “saving” jobs for low-income Americans, others argue that these measures raise the cost of goods used by the poor with no guarantee that jobs are actually saved. The following article reviews the available evidence on the position of low-income Americans under a policy of protectionism.

scholarly journals Mobile Money and the Impact of Mobile Phone Regulatory Enforcement Among the Urban Poor in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-44
Author(s):  
Laura Stark
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Mobile money provides a tool for survival, particularly in urban conditions shaped by city regulations that make microvending difficult for the poor. An analysis of 165 interviews conducted in two low-income neighborhoods in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania over 8 years demonstrates how interlocked layers of technology and interaction make mobile money services semiformal. I introduce two mobile money-enabled survival strategies: intrahousehold transfers for day-to-day survival (transfers within the same city) and resource safeguarding through kin remittances of start-up capital (home-based subsistence business capital stored for kin access in emergencies). The recent tightening of mobile phone regulations in the global South has disrupted users’ multilevel and formal/informal-hybrid infrastructures of money movement in these communities. Such tougher regulations could result in a new digital divide that hinders rather than facilitates the financial inclusion of the poor.

scholarly journals The Use of Vibra Engine to Enhance Batako Industrial Quality at Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Totok Dwi Kuryanto ◽  
Irawati Irawati ◽  
Nanang Saiful Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The City

The main objective of the Technology for the Society (IbM) is aimed at addressing the main problems faced by approximately 200 urban poor, namely: (1) The location of the residence located on the edge of the city with a distance society of about 10 km from urban areas. (2) Low economic level or low income about Rp.600.000 / month so it can not meet the basic needs and lift the economy of the surrounding community. The specific target in this IbM program is to apply Batako engine utilization technology to improve the quality and quantity of local Batako production of marginalized urban communities which originally produced only Batako blocks of about 200 seeds to 1000 seeds per day and increased concrete compressive strength. from 175 Kg / cm2 to 225 Kg / cm2, thereby increasing employment for the surrounding communities and increasing the income of business actors and partner workers. The method of implementation to solve the problems of the program partners of IbM is to increase the added value of community income through the utilization of Batako chili type which includes the stages: (a) Thesocialization of Batako IbM program; (b) Preparing social prerequisites, such as strengthening rural community groups, groups and forums as a medium to meet and solve problems faced by farmers or the poor; (c) Implementation of Batako IbM program, supported by related institutions (Dinas Cipta Karya Kabupaten Lumajang and University (Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Jember), and (d) Monitoring, evaluation and reporting.

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of urban water utilities in Mozambique using a water utility performance index

Water SA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gallego-Ayala ◽  
C Dimene ◽  
A Munhequete ◽  
R Amos
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Utility

scholarly journals Urban groundwater use in Tropical Africa – a key factor in enhancing water security?

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Foster ◽  
Anne Bousquet ◽  
Sean Furey
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Groundwater Use

Abstract A regional scoping study has reviewed the limited data on groundwater use for 10 cities in Tropical Africa. In those cities where the water utility has been able to develop groundwater rationally, the public water-supply usually offers a better service at lower cost by enabling phased investment and avoiding advanced treatment, and offers greater water-source security in drought and from pollution. Urban dwellers obtain water from multiple sources, according to availability and affordability. Among the more affluent, private water-supply boreholes are increasingly used to improve security and reduce cost but in the absence of international charity finance groundwater access is beyond the financial reach of the urban poor, except where the water table is shallow allowing the use of low-cost dugwells. The way forward must be to integrate more effectively utility and private investments, and piped and non-piped solutions, for urban water-supply provision, and for water utilities to establish low-income (‘pro-poor’) policy and technical units to pursue ways of supporting alternative water-supply provision, including advisory services and regulatory functions (where appropriate) for private borehole and dugwell use. To facilitate this, water utilities will need to partner with resource regulators and knowledge centres, which may require modifications to their mandate.

Urban Cultivation Amidst Modernization: How Should We Interpret It?

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwapriya Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Cities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Cultivation

Many African cities are currently marked by the decline of the formal urban economy and the simultaneous upsurge of household cultivation by the urban poor. This has generated two types of critical responses, though for very different reasons. The modernization proponents view urban cultivation as a manifestation of rural habits, predominantly relied upon by recent migrants lacking integration into the urban economy and culture. The New-Marxist critics, on the other hand, blame such activities for contributing to the “double exploitation of labor” and for maintaining the status quo of capitalist social relations of production. This paper, based on a survey of 250 low-income households in Zambia, attempts to respond to both criticisms. First, it demonstrates that the modernization proponents' assumption regarding who cultivates and why are basically incorrect. The paper then provides evidence that urban cultivation is an innovative response from below which was initially strongly resisted by capitalist countries. The paper also argues that urban cultivation by the poor reduces their vulnerability to the fluctuations of fortune that currently beset the economies of African cities.

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