Manganese removal in groundwater treatment: practice, problems and probable solutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buamah ◽  
B. Petrusevski ◽  
D. de Ridder ◽  
T. S. C. M. van de Wetering ◽  
J. C. Shippers
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Start Up

Most drinking water production plants use rapid sand filters for the removal of manganese from groundwater. The start-up of manganese removal on newly installed sand media is slow, taking several weeks till months. Reducing this period in order to prevent the loss of water during this phase has become an issue of concern. In this study pilot and bench scale experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism, influence of operational conditions (e.g. filtration rate, manganese loading) and measures that enhance manganese removal capacity of the sand media. Other filter media were investigated with the objective of finding suitable substitutes for the sand. The development of the adsorptive/catalytic coating the sand media in a pilot plant was very slow, notwithstanding the relatively high pH of 8. Low manganese concentration and more frequent backwashing resulted in a longer start up period of the manganese removal. It can not be excluded, that nitrite has a negative effect as well. Measurements in the lab and bench scale tests show that the rate of adsorption/oxidation of manganese in the top layer of the filter bed is too low to explain the complete manganese removal in the filters. It is likely that the adsorptive catalyst in the top layer has partly been covered with ferric hydroxide. From the Freundlich's isotherms determined for 6 different filter media, a crushed medium consisting of mainly manganese dioxide and some silica, iron and aluminium (Aquamandix) followed by iron oxide coated sand, containing some manganese, demonstrated highest adsorption capacities at pHs 6 and 8. These materials can therefore be potential substitutes for sand in situations of slow start-up of manganese removal.

Start-up of bench-scale biofilters for manganese removal under tropical conditions: A comparative study using virgin pumice, silica sand, and anthracite filter media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Andrés Araya Obando ◽  
Luuk Rietveld ◽  
Andrea Quesada-González ◽  
Andrey Caballero-Chavarría ◽  
Virginia A Pacini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
The Tropics

Biofiltration for Mn removal has not been proven in the tropics (18-29°C). Also, the use of pumice as alternative filter media for Mn removal is still poorly known. In this...

Operational conditions for start-up and nitrate-feeding in an anoxic biotrickling filtration process at pilot scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Almenglo ◽  
Martín Ramírez ◽  
José Manuel Gómez ◽  
Domingo Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Start Up

Iron and manganese removal by a membrane filtration system

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jimbo ◽  
K. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Small Capacity ◽  
Rapid Sand Filtration ◽  
Removal System ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The design standards of the iron and manganese removal system by membrane filtration were investigated. The membrane filtration after pre-chlorination could remove iron completely and could remove around 70% of manganese. In the case of manganese concentration being more than 0.05 mg/l, the membrane filtration could remove them completely after the deposition in the oxidation tank. The concentrations of iron and manganese were reduced more than 90% by the oxidation tank and were reduced until under the detection limit after the membrane filtration. The economic comparisons between the rapid sand filtration system and this membrane filtration system in a small capacity and a middle capacity were investigated. The 15 years total costs of the membrane filtration system were estimated to be smaller than or around equal to the rapid sand filtration system in both capacities.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Removal Phosphorus in Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norwardatun Abd Roni ◽  
◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Nuramidah Hamidon ◽  
Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
P Removal

The high levels of phosphorus (P) removal occurring through human activities contributes to Eutrophication. Therefore, it is important to understand the quantity of P flows of the different filter materials. This paper provides an overview on the different filter media used for P removal from wastewater also the conventional wastewater treatment system for phosphorus removal. The filter materials consist of natural materials, industrial by-products and man-made products. Most filters have been investigated in batch and column studies in laboratory. The results from these overview vary for every filters and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have demonstrated promising properties with regard to P removal capacity. The chemical composition of the adsorption media is a critical factor. Because phosphorus is removed via sorption and precipitation processes, Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe) and Aluminium (Al) content is important in efficient P removal. Thus filter media should be selected very carefully. In such systems, appropriate pre-treatment will also allow for a longer lifetime of the filter media, by decreasing the risk of clogging and allowing one to use finer reactive filter media with higher sorption capacity. The usage of these alternatives filters materials will ease the environmental problems that are currently perceived globally.

Rapid Start-Up of Biofilter for Removal of Iron and Manganese from Groundwater

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1316-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ping Zeng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Iron And Manganese

“aged” biofilter media was adopted as the inoculum to accelerate the maturation of biofilter for iron and manganese removal in the start-up of filter column. morphology of “aged” biofilter media and new quartz sand was observed with SEM. The results indicate that the “aged” biofilter media coated by a large quantity of bacteria which reduces the start-up time to 30 daysand affords strong Mn-removal efficiency at the beginning of the process. This method probably can be used for the start-up of new filters when there are well-established biofilters around.

METHODS FOR DETERMINING ORGANIC MATTER AND COLOUR IN WATER

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ramunė Albrektienė ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Start Up

The article examines different methods for determining organic matter and colour in water. Most of organic compounds in water have a humic substance. These substances frequently form complexes with iron. Humic matter gives water a yellow-brownish colour. Water filtration through conventional sand filters does not remove colour and organic compounds, and therefore complicated water treatment methods shall be applied. The methods utilized for organic matter determination in water included research on total organic carbon, permanganate index and the bichromate number of UV absorption of 254 nm wave length. The obtained results showed the greatest dependence between water colour and permanganate index. However, UV adsorption could be used for organic matter determination during the operation of a water treatment plant and the start-up of plants as easy and fast methods.

Manganese removal efficiencies and bacterial community profiles in non-bioaugmented and in bioaugmented sand filters exposed to different temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 101261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Ciancio Casalini ◽  
Ainelén Piazza ◽  
Fiorella Masotti ◽  
Virginia A. Pacini ◽  
Graciela Sanguinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Rejection of organic micropollutants by high pressure membranes: comparison of bench-scale versus single element tests

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
T.U. Kim ◽  
C. Bellona ◽  
P. Xu ◽  
J. Drewe ◽  
G. Amy
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Trace Organic Compounds ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Trace Organic

There has been considerable information reported on rejection of trace organic compounds from pilot-scale and full-scale experiments with reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF), but this information has limited value in predicting the rejection of these compounds by high-pressure membranes. The goal of this research is to define relationships between compound properties, membrane properties, and operational conditions, e.g. pressure, recovery, affecting trace organic compound rejection, comparing bench-scale recirculation tests and bench-scale single-pass tests. In addition, bench-scale results are compared against single element tests to ascertain scale-up effects.

Pretreatment processes for membrane filtration of raw water containing manganese

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takizawa ◽  
L. Fu ◽  
N. Pradhan ◽  
T. Ike ◽  
M. Ohtaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Manganese Removal ◽  
Time Required

Experimental studies on chemical and biological pretreatments in membrane filtration processes were carried out to removal manganese contained in raw water and to prevent membrane fouling due to manganese. Two types of the pretreatment reactors, i.e. the fluidised-bed and fixed-bed configurations, were compared in the biological pretreatment experiments. New synthetic media (tubular polypropylene, I.D. 3 mm, O.D. 4 mm, length 5 mm) were used in all three experiments as a manganese-oxidising catalyst. The chemical pretreatment using sodium hypochlorite was effective in manganese removal and controlling membrane fouling; more than 0.8 mg-Cl2/L of chlorine dose was necessary to bring the manganese concentration from 0.4 mg/L in raw water to less than 0.05 mg/L. The biological pretreatment for manganese removal required a long start-up period of more than 40 days. The fixed-bed biological pretreatment was superior in manganese removal and in control of membrane fouling to the fluidised-bed biological pretreatment, which showed wash-out of the attached bacteria resulting in membrane fouling. The linear velocity and the empty-bed retention time required for the treatment of 0.14 mg-Mn/L in the fixed-bed biological pretreatment was 206 m/d and 8.0 minutes, respectively.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF A FCC TURBO EXPANDER ON PETROLEUM REFINERIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
N. E. G. Fermoselli
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Turbo Expander ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
The Impact

Implementing a turbo expander connected to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in order to produce power from flue gas has already become a common practice in oil refineries worldwide. Despite of recovering energy which used to be wasted in an orifice chamber, the implementation of expander and its skids still requires high investment, which often begins with a third-stage cyclones installation to enhance flue gas cleanness. Moreover, machine and also pipes need to be made with special materials in order to resist high temperatures and erosion. Hence, there are some items to be checked before start up a turbo expander to ensure the return on investment will reach expectations, keeping in mind that its ability to extract energy from flue gas changes widely depending on FCC operational conditions. Then, the aim of this paper is to provide the analysis of one stage turbo expander which is fed with flue gas from partial combustion FCC unit and installed with isolation valves, highlighting some points which deserve special attention before start up this type of machine. It brings together some approaches to provide valuable information about a turbo expander, particularly when it is not running yet, including the results to a hypothetical case and the sequence of calculus that can be done without using any special software applied for: • To estimate real energy generation through the turbo expander as a function of FCC feed; • To check the leaks effect; • To predict the impact of turbo expander on carbon monoxide boiler, due to a fall in temperature of the expanded flue gas; • To calculate the appropriate amount of extra supplementary gas required to be burned in the flue gas boiler in order to keep the production of steam stable; • To analyze the moisture of the flue gas so that it may predicts condensation when hot gas comes into contact with the cold duct, after opening isolation valves; • And finally, how turbo expanders fit in cleaning development mechanism to get certified carbon credits.

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