Greywater treatment with biological aerated filter (BAF) for urban water reuse

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
A. Meda ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Set Up

Greywater is an excellent resource for service water in intra-urban reuse. By substituting fresh water with appropriately treated greywater, it is possible to save 30–50% of fresh water. In this paper, an up-flow pilot biological aerated filter (BAF) is tested for the treatment of synthetic greywater and the design parameters are determined. An organic load of 8 kg COD/(m3 d) allows to achieving a good effluent quality with regard to COD, suspended solids, and anionic surfactants. By reducing the organic load to 5 kg COD/(m3 d) full nitrification is achieved as well. A process set-up for a full-scale BAF greywater treatment plant is proposed and dimensioned using the parameters from the pilot plant tests. Here, the required specific volume is approx. 3 L/C for the reactor and 16 L/C for the storage tanks. This feature make the BAF a compact process which can be successfully integrated in intra-urban water reuse schemes.

scholarly journals An Overview on Major Design Constraints, Impact and Challenges for a Conventional Wastewater Treatment Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Set Up

The conventional wastewater (WW) treatment plant includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes that can protect the receiving water bodies from water pollution. The common design constraints, challenges as well as environmental impact would make the wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTP) construction and operation more complex and demanding tasks. Major project constraints for WW plant design are economic, accessibility, fulfilling technical requirements, institutional set-up, health and environment, personnel capacity, and political commitment etc. Design methodology adopted in the current study included project location, unit selections, the design capacity, design period as well as proximity to the population and layout plan. The present manuscript discussed briefly about effluent quality requirements, design issues, environmental impacts, details, and safety concerns. It also highlighted the necessary flexibility to carry out satisfactorily within the desired range of influent WW characteristics and flows. In the present study, every step of the design was verified with Environmental Regulations and suggested to overcome all constraints while designing WWTPs so that standard operational code for the specific region could be implemented to achieve the best treatment performance. The results obtained from analytical calculation were optimized to achieve the best design parameters for field application. The optimized values also reduce the construction and operation cost during the field application.

Effects of Water Reuse, Recycling and Resource Recovery on Food Processing Waste Treatment in Thailand

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Frankel ◽  
A. Phongsphetraratana
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Treatment Needs

Two food processing industries in Thailand, namely pineapple canning and tuna/sardine canning, were studied over a 10 year period to document effects of water reuse, recycling and resource recovery (both energy and product) on waste treatment needs and actual operations. Changes in terms of water consumed, energy required, waste generated, and costs per ton of raw material processed were calculated. Lower overall annual costs resulted from all water conservation and energy recovery schemes even though stricter pollution control laws were the motivating factor behind the changes. Unit design parameters of water use, energy use and waste load generated per ton of raw material processed are included for both industries to permit extrapolations for future waste treatment plant designs.

scholarly journals FLUENT Simulation Design and Optimization of Biological Aerated Filter

2022 ◽  
Vol 2148 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Shuqin Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Wenqi Zhao ◽  
Chungang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract In this paper, a small biological aerated filter for experimental use was designed, and a method was explored to optimize the nitrogen removal efficiency by using FLUENT software to simulate the particle size of the filler, the amount of the filler, the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and other operating parameters. Through the simulation experiment, the optimal design parameters of the particle size of filler, the amount of filler, the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the dissolved oxygen of the biological aerated filter are 4mm, 60%, 15% and 1.5%, respectively, when the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen exceeds 30% reported in the literature. It provides a reference for the experimental research and practical application of biological aerated filter (BAF) denitrification.

scholarly journals Correlating Microbial Community Characteristics with Environmental Factors along a Two-Stage Biological Aerated Filter

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Yuchen An ◽  
Songmin Li ◽  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Yuyang Liu ◽  
Ruonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Aerated Filter

The purification effect of a biological aerated filter (BAF) mainly comes from the microorganisms in the reactor. Understanding the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental factors along the filter has great significance for maintaining good operation and improving the removal efficiency of the filter. A two-stage BAF was employed to treat domestic sewage under organic loads of 1.02 and 1.55 kg/m3·d for 15 days each. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and redundancy analysis were applied to explore the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) the crucial organic-degrading bacteria in the A-stage filter were of the genus Novosphingobium, which had a significant increase in terms of relative abundance at sampling outlet A3 (135 cm of the filling height) after the increase of organic load; (2) the microbial communities at different positions in the B-stage filter were similarly affected by environmental factors, and the main bacteria associated with nitrogen removal in the B-stage filter were Zoogloea and Rhodocyclus; and (3) to improve the pollutant removal performance of this two-stage biological aerated filter, a strategy of adding an internal circulation in the B-stage filter can be adopted.

Influence of organic and ammonia loading on nitrifier activity and nitrification performance for a two-stage biological aerated filter system

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Gilmore ◽  
K. J. Husovitz ◽  
T. Holst ◽  
N. G. Love
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Oxidation Stage ◽  
Aerated Filter

A pilot-scale, two-stage (carbon oxidation stage one, ammonia oxidation stage two) fixed film biological aerated filter (BAF) process was operated during the wintertime on-site at a domestic wastewater treatment plant. Over the study period, hydraulic loadings to the system were varied and generated a range of organic and ammonia loading conditions. Nitrification performance was monitored based on water quality along the length of the filters, effluent water quality, and activity levels of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within the biofilm using an oligonucleotide probe. Overall nitrification efficiency for wintertime conditions (average temperature 12.4 ± 0.1°C) was greater than 90 percent when ammonia-N loadings to the second stage were 0.6 kg/m3-day or less. Nitrification efficiency started to deteriorate at loadings beyond this point. Biofilm and liquid samples were collected along the distance of the two columns at high and low ammonia loadings. The degree of activity observed by ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm corresponded with the disappearance of ammonia and the generation of nitrate as water passed through the columns. The zones of ammonia oxidizing activity progressed along the length of the columns as organic and ammonia loadings to the system increased. The oligonucleotide probe data suggest that this shift in the location of the nitrifier population is due to higher BOD loads to the second stage, which supported higher levels of heterotrophic growth in the column.

Nutrient removal in reverse osmosis concentrates using a biological aerated filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Ro Concentrate

The aim of this study is to employ a biological aerated filter (BAF) in the treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate received from reuse of treatment plant wastewater. Furthermore, the influence of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio on the nutrient removal was analyzed to find the detailed removal pathways of nutrients. The result was found to be high efficiency for biochemical oxygen demand removal (95.86%) compared to that of COD (88.95%) and suspended solids (81.12%). The total phosphorus (TP) (67.66%) and PO4-P (61.42%) removal efficiencies were relatively lower than that of total nitrogen (TN) (81.42%) and NO3-N (76.70%). This may be due to the fact that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/TP ratio (8.01) was relatively low. Decreasing the COD/N ratio decreased TP and PO4-P removal efficiency. However, the removal efficiency of TN and NH4-N was increased from 47.60 to 64.54 and 54.17 to 73.72% with decreasing of COD/N ratio from 8.19 to 7.64, respectively. In addition, the denitrification rate and nitrification rate were increased from 211.8 to 301.0 mg/L d and 87.7 to 109.4 mg/L d, respectively, when COD/N ratios changed from 8.19 to 7.64. Therefore, in order to reuse the RO concentrate, the BAF process could effectively treat the RO concentrate.

scholarly journals First implementation of a SEMIZENTRAL resource recovery center

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tolksdorf ◽  
D. Lu ◽  
P. Cornel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Service Water

The SEMIZENTRAL approach has been developed for fast growing cities, to meet their challenges regarding the supply of water and the treatment of biowaste and wastewater. Key elements of the SEMIZENTRAL integrated infrastructure approach are high resource efficiency due to urban water reuse and the usage of the energy potential of wastewater/sludge and waste, as well as its system size between central and decentral. In Qingdao (PR China), the SEMIZENTRAL Resource Recovery Center (RRC) has been implemented for the first time worldwide at full scale. The goal of high resource efficiency, which includes generating service water, has a significant influence on the process design of the RRC. Moreover, the influence of the site adaptation of the general SEMIZENTRAL approach to the actual location in Qingdao on emissions to the water body and on the energy balance has been investigated. Through comparisons with a conventional wastewater treatment plant, advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Due to water reuse, energy can be saved, compared to alternative water resources. The discharged nutrient load decreases considerably. Nevertheless, the effort required for wastewater treatment increases.

Design of the Reclaimed Water Reuse Project for Recirculating Cooling Water in a Thermal Power Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cong Pang ◽  
Can Can Zhang ◽  
Tai Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Treated Water

The paper introduced the design parameters of a reclaimed water island engineering in a power plant. The total processing scale was 3.84×104m3/d. The raw water source of this project was the further treated wastewater from municipal treatment plant. The combination of BAF-Lime Conglomeration and Clarification-Filtration was employed in the design for advanced treatment. The operation results showed that the quality of treated water with this process in the reclaimed water island could satisfy the design requirement and the treated water was reused as recirculating cooling water in a thermal power plant.

Выбор расчетных параметров – расхода и качества воды поверхностного водоисточника при проектировании станции водоподготовки

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shuvalov ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
S. Shuvalov
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Injection Unit

Приводятся статистические данные за период 12лет по качеству воды в реке Большой Кинель в створе водозабора г. Кинель Самарской области и процедуре назначения расчетных параметров сооружений при проектировании новой станции водоподготовки. Принятая проектом технологическая схема предусматривает следующие процессы: процеживание на микрофильтрах, озонирование, известково-содовое умягчение, коагулирование, отстаивание в осветлителях со взвешенным слоем осадка, фильтрование и обеззараживание. В составе сооружений реагентного хозяйства спроектированы: установка введения порошкообразного активного угля в обрабатываемую воду перед скорыми фильтрами установка введения соляной кислоты для корректировки величины рН очищенной воды сооружения повторного использования воды, сгущения осадка и его механического обезвоживания. Строительство пускового комплекса станции водоподготовки завершено. Для выполнения расчета сооружений станций водоподготовки предлагается назначать три комбинации значений расчетных параметров расхода воды и качества (концентрации определяющих ингредиентов) исходной воды в зависимости от типа сооружения или технологического оборудования.Statistical data over a period of 12 years on the quality of water in the Bolshoi Kinel River at the water intake of the Kinel city of the Samara Region and the procedure for allocating design parameters to the structures while designing a new water treatment plant are provided. The process flow scheme adopted by the project provides for the following processes: screening in microfilters, ozonation, lime-soda softening, coagulation, sedimentation in clarifiers with sludge blanket, filtration and disinfection. The following facilities were designed as part of the chemical treatment facilities: a unit for introducing powdered activated carbon into the treated water before rapid filters hydrochloric acid injection unit for adjusting pH value of purified water water reuse facilities, sludge thickening and mechanical dewatering facilities. The construction of the start-up package of the water treatment plant has been completed. To carry out the calculation of the structures of water treatment plants, allocating three combinations of the values of the calculated parameters water flow rate and quality (concentration of determining ingredients) of the source water depending on the type of structure or process equipment is proposed.

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