The influence of antecedent soil moisture conditions on the rainfall–runoff threshold value of a roaded catchment used for water harvesting

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208
Author(s):  
C. W. Baek ◽  
N. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

A roaded catchment (RC) is a representative type of artificial catchment for rainwater harvesting. The rainfall–runoff threshold value of the RC is the main factor which influences the system efficiency and cost. Antecedent soil moisture condition is an important factor which impacts on the determination of the rainfall–runoff threshold value. In this study, rainfall–antecedent soil moisture condition–runoff relationships and the potential efficiency of RCs are presented. Rainfall and runoff data monitored at research sites in Merredin and Mount Barker are used to determine this relationship. Two antecedent moisture criteria; Antecedent Moisture Conditions (AMC) and Average Antecedent Precipitation (AAP) are used to analyse the relationship between previous rainfall and soil moisture for each RC. Monitored results show that AMC is not that suitable to show the relationship between rainfall and antecedent soil moisture condition of the RC in the dryland of Western Australia and it is recommended to use AAP to determine this relationship.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal impact of antecedent drought on hot extremes from the nonstationary risk perspective: A case study in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Xu ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yuankun Wang ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Jianchun Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition

Hot extremes may adversely impact human health and agricultural production. Owing to anthropogenic and climate changes, the close and dynamic interaction between drought and hot extremes in most areas of China need to be revisited from the perspective of nonstationarity. This study therefore proposes a time-varying Copula-based model to describe the nonstationary dependence structure of extreme temperature (ET) and antecedent soil moisture condition to quantify the dynamic risk of hot extremes conditioned on dry/wet condition. This study proposed a new approach to identify the soil moisture driving law over extreme temperature from the point view of tail monotonicity and nonstationary risk assessment. Owing to the LTI-RTD (left tail increasing and right tail decreasing) tail monotonicity for dependence structure of these two extremes derived from most areas, the driving laws of soil moisture over ET follows DDL1-WDL1 laws (DDL1: drier antecedent soil moisture condition would trigger a higher risk of ET; WDL1: wetter antecedent soil moisture condition would alleviate the occurrence risk of ET). Because of the spatiotemporal divergence of sensitivity index derived from tail monotonicity (SITM), we can conclude that the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of response degree of ET over the variations of antecedent dry/wet conditions is evident. Incorporation of nonstationarity and tail monotonicity helps identify the changes of driving mechanism (laws) between soil moisture and hot extremes. From the comparison of different kinds of nonstationary behaviours over the spatial distribution of conditional probability of ET (CP1), the dependence nonstationarity can impose greater variations on the spatial distribution of conditional risk of ET given antecedent dry condition (CP1).

PENGARUH KONDISI AWAL KELENGASAN TANAH TERHADAP DEBIT PUNCAK HIDROGRAF SATUAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Sasmito Sasmito ◽  
Bambang Triatmodjo ◽  
Joko Sujono ◽  
Sri Harto, Br
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Moisture Deficit

Abstrak: Hidrograf satuan adalah salah satu cara untuk memperkirakan besarnya banjir di sungai akibat hujan pada suatu DAS. Hidrograf satuan sangat populer dan dipakai secara luas di dunia. Metode ini mempunyai fleksibilitas yang rendah terhadap hujan yang berbeda, sehingga hidrograf yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda pada setiap hujan. Hal ini diduga disebabkan antara lain karena teori hidrograf satuan mengabaikan pengaruh kondisi awal kelengasan tanah (antecedent soil moisture condition, AMC) pada proses penurunan hidrograf satuan. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh AMC terhadap debit puncak hidrograf satuan observasi (qp-obs). Dalam penelitian ini variabel AMC didekati dengan besaran defisit kelengasan tanah (soil moisture deficit, SMD) yang mempunyai makna berlawanan dengan AMC. SMD direpresentasikan dengan variabel Sc (storage capacity) yakni volume udara di dalam pori tanah yang ditinggalkan air karena terevapotranspirasi keluar. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data hidrologi (hujan, debit aliran, dan evaporasi) yang dikumpulkan dari 3 DAS hulu (upper catchment) di kawasan Gunung Merapi. Percobaan penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menurunkan hidrograf satuan dengan dua cara, yakni cara konvensional (Collins) menghasilkan hidrograf satuan observasi (HSosb), dan cara simulasi menggunakan model tangki menghasilkan hidrograf satuan simulasi (HSsim). Analisis pengaruh Sc dilakukan terhadap debit puncak HSosb dan debit puncak HSsim. Penelitian menghasilkan temuan yang dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Hubungan Sc dan debit puncak hidrograf satuan, menunjukkan semakin besar Sc (semakin kecil AMC) debit puncak HSobs semakin kecil, (2) Formula koreksi yang didapat berbentuk fungsi eksponensial (qp-obs)/(qp-obs-kor)=1,104 e-0,012Sc, dengan qp-obs-kor adalah debit puncak hidrograf satuan observasi terkoreksi, (3)  HS observasi terkoreksi rerata mempunyai debit puncak puncak paling tinggi dibanding debit puncak HSS Nakayasu dan debit puncak HSS Gama 1.

scholarly journals Estimating growing-season root zone soil moisture from vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil properties in the Northwest Mountain region, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawa Raj Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Reynolds Creek ◽  
Dryness Index

A soil moisture retrieval method is proposed, in the absence of ground-based auxiliary measurements, by deriving the soil moisture content relationship from the satellite vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil moisture physical properties of a soil type. A temperature–vegetation dryness index threshold value is also proposed to identify water bodies and underlying saturated areas. Verification of the retrieved growing season soil moisture was performed by comparative analysis of soil moisture obtained by observed conventional in situ point measurements at the 239-km2 Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA (2006–2009), and at the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) soil moisture measurement sites in Sundance, Wyoming (2012–2015), and Lewistown, Montana (2014–2015). The proposed method best represented the effective root zone soil moisture condition, at a depth between 50 and 100 cm, with an overall average R2 value of 0.72 and average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.042.

scholarly journals Effects of stimulant pH, light and soil moisture on Orobanche solmsii seed germination

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Anjana Bista
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Moisture Conditions

In order to investigate effect of soil moisture, Orobanche seeds were pre-conditioned in three different soil moisture conditions. The germination percentage was found to be highest (48.31%) in normal soil moisture condition and lowest (4.6%) in flooded soil moisture condition. This indicates that Orobanche seeds are unable to survive for a long period in water logged conditions. In response to stimulant pH, Orobanche solmsii seeds showed significantly a high germination percentage (65.27%) at pH value 6.5 and it declined progressively with the increase of acidic and alkaline conditions. However, seeds appeared to be more sensitive to alkaline rather than acidic condition. The study of effect of light showed that exposure of seeds to continuous light during pre and postconditioning period inhibited seed germination. The inhibition was more effective when seeds were exposed to light during post conditioning phase rather than during pre- conditioning phase.ECOPRINT 22: 57-62, 2015

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Hydro Priming Effects on Rice Seed Emergence and Subsequent Growth under Different Moisture Conditions

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Nakao ◽  
Chiharu Sone ◽  
Jun-Ichi Sakagami
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Seed priming refers to seed enhancement methods that stimulate seed metabolism. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of hydro priming efficacy in 27 different genotypes of rice under dry to wet soil moisture conditions. The genotypes included 21 genotypes of Oryza sativa, five genotypes of Oryza glaberrima, and one genotype of NERICA (New Rice for Africa). The treated rice seeds were sown in plastic boxes under four soil moisture conditions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w)). The genotypes were categorized into six groups based on growth parameters using hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, emergence properties were investigated by using principal component analysis based on the mean emergence time of control and primed seeds. Seed priming enhanced growth performance under the moderate dry conditions of 10% and 15% soil moisture. Meanwhile, priming efficacy was low in water stress conditions of 5% and 20% soil moisture. There were wide-ranging genotypic differences of priming efficacy under 20% soil moisture condition. Our findings indicate that the anaerobic-tolerant genotypes tend to exhibit priming efficacy under high soil moisture conditions. Furthermore, one group included all upland genotypes of Oryza sativa. This group originally adapted to 10% and 15% of dry conditions, and seed priming improved their features greatly.

scholarly journals The role of antecedent soil moisture conditions on rainfall-triggered shallow landslides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Lazzari ◽  
Marco Piccarreta ◽  
Salvatore Manfreda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Antecedent Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides have caused losses of human life and millions of euros in damage to property in all parts of the world. The need to prevent such phenomena combined with the difficulty to describe the geo-physical processes over large scales led to the adoption of empirical rainfall thresholds derived from the observed relationship between rainfall intensity/duration and landslide occurrence. These thresholds are generally obtained neglecting the role of the antecedent moisture conditions that should be taken into consideration. In the present manuscript, we explored the role of antecedent soil moisture on the critical rainfall intensity–duration thresholds highlighting its critical impact. Therefore, traditional approaches that neglect such parameter may have a limited value in the early-warning systems. This study was carried out using a record of 326 landslides occurred in the last 18 years in the Basilicata region (southern Italy). Besides the ordinary data (i.e. rainstorm intensity and duration), we also derived the antecedent moisture conditions using a parsimonious hydrological model.

Soil Moisture and Streamflow Relationship in Forested Hillslope: A Perspective on their Hysteretic Behavior.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassey Bassey Friday ◽  
Eunhyung Lee ◽  
Sanghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
General Response

<p>The hysteretic behavior between soil moisture and streamflow has received only little attention in the context of hillslope hydrological processes, despite the overarching role it plays in the understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of hillslope responses. In this study, hydro-meteorological data were collected daily on bi-hourly basis from 2009 to 2013 over 56 soil moisture measuring points at various depths (10, 30, and 60 cm) with 147 distinct storm events chosen for investigation. A bivariate analysis approach was implemented to characterize 8,232 hysteretic behaviors between streamflow and soil moisture with a view to exploring its patterns and uniformities using data obtained in the following timescale - the whole period of campaign, seasonally and storm event. In addition, hydrological control features such as antecedent soil moisture, rainfall intensity and duration, soil depth and hillslope positions were examined to establish the degree of control it poses on hillslope responses. Our investigation showed three dominant responses – clockwise, counter-clockwise and no response. Clockwise response which implied that streamflow peaked before soil moisture, governed the entire period of campaign with the frequency of responses significantly decreasing as depth increases, except for some downslope points located around the riparian zone. Furthermore, distinct variation in the hysteretic behavior of the hillslope under seasonal timescale was observed, with clockwise responses dominating summer and fall season whereas counter clockwise responses prevailed in the spring season. Our findings further reveals that antecedent soil moisture condition and soil depth were the major drivers that influenced the general response of the hillslope.</p>

Definition of 3D rainfall thresholds for operative LEWS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascanio Rosi ◽  
Antonio Monni ◽  
Angela Gallucci ◽  
Nicola Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Antecedent Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Landslide Triggering

<p>Rainfall induced landslide is one of the most common hazards worldwide and it is responsible every year of huge losses, both economic and social. <br>Because of the high impact of this kind of natural hazard, the forecasting of the meteorological condition associated with the initiation of landslide has become paramount in the recent years and several papers addressing this issue have been published.<br>When working over large areas, the definition of rainfall thresholds is the most used approach, since it requires few data that can be easily retrieved: landslide triggering date and location and rainfall recording associated to landslide events.<br>The intensity-duration threshold is the most used approach and it showed over the time its potential to be implemented in an operative landslide early warning system (LEWS), but literature papers showed that this approach is affected by a main drawback, i.e., the high number of false positives (events that are not capable of triggering landslides are classified as landslide triggering events).<br>To overcome this problem several authors tried to combine these thresholds with other parameters and recently one of the most promising approach is the use of the antecedent soil moisture condition, but this parameter is note very easily available for large areas and it is difficult to retrieve it in real time, so as it can be used in a LEWS.<br>In our work we used antecedent rainfall to simulate the progressive saturation of the soil and then the soil moisture condition associated with the initiation of landslides.<br>In a given area the total rainfall recorded by each rain gauge over a defined period of time prior the landslide is considered and used to define a parameter named MeAR (Mean Antecedent Rainfall), which represent the mean rainfall of the area over a given time interval, as recorded by all the active rain gauges.<br>The MeAR parameter has been coupled with classical I-D thresholds to define 3D thresholds, where the conditions associated with the initiation of a landslide are defined by a portion of a 3D space, instead of a portion of a 2D plane. This approach has been tested in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) and it resulted the possibility of reducing false positives from 30% up to 80% on different areas.</p>

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