Comparison of deterministic and heuristic optimization solvers for water network scheduling problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bene ◽  
I. Selek ◽  
Cs. Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Schedule Optimization ◽  
Optimization Solvers

This paper presents a novel approximate dynamic programming technique for solving the pump schedule optimization of real-water distribution networks. The method is based on the significant decreasing of the search space by splitting the optimization problem into smaller units. In addition, the state space of the main distribution system was further reduced to the most important reservoirs. The capabilities of the proposed technique are demonstrated on a real-life problem, the water distribution system of the town of Sopron, Hungary. Nine test cases were defined which represent different initial water level scenarios, thus the new application was easy to compare to a former developed genetic algorithm and to some world-leading optimization solvers which are available on the NEOS Server. The benefits and drawbacks of these deterministic and heuristic methods are highlighted.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Segment Graph of Water Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Huzsvár ◽  
Richárd Wéber ◽  
Csaba János Hős
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Graph Properties ◽  
Quantitative Topology ◽  
The Impact

One of the basic infrastructures of every settlement is the water distribution system, which provides clean and potable water for both private houses, industrial consumers and institution establishments. The operational robustness and vulnerabilities of these networks is an essential issue, both for the quality of life and for the preservation of the environment. Even with frequent and careful maintenance, unintentional pipe bursts might occur, and during the reparation time, the damaged section must be isolated hydraulically from the main body of the water distribution network. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, it might not be trivial how to isolate the burst section, especially if one wishes to minimize the impact on the overall system. This paper presents an algorithmic method that is capable of creating isolation plans for real-life networks in a computationally efficient way, based on the graph properties of the network. Besides this segmentation plan, the topological behavior of the structural graph properties was analyzed with the help of the complex network theory to create a method for the quantitative topology based categorization of the water distribution networks.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Model Calibration and Performance Assessment of Pressure Managed Areas with Multiple Inlets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bibok ◽  
Roland Fülöp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Pressure Setting ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Pressure management is a widely adopted technique in the toolset of drinking water distribution system operators. It has multiple benefits, like reducing physical losses in pipe networks with excessive leakage, prolong the expected lifetime of the pipes and protecting home appliances from unacceptably high pressure. In some cases, even legislation compliance can be the motivation behind pressure management: It is mandatory to supply water at the customer’s connection between 1.5 and 6.0 bar in Hungary since 2011. Diaphragm pressure reducing valves are widespread in the drinking water distribution networks. Although, their sensitivity for gas pocket accumulation in the valve house makes hydraulic calibration of these pressure managed areas a challenging task for hydraulic modelers and network operators. This is especially true when more than one inlet is used to supply the same area in order to increase resilience and flow capacity.This paper investigates the hydraulic properties of pressure reduced areas with multiple inlet points. Model calibration using a single valve and minor loss was found insufficient because the additional pressure loss referenced to the pressure setting has a non-quadratic relationship with flow-rate on the discharge side under real-life circumstances. This phenomenon can be handled by using a PRV (pressure reducing valve) + GPV (general purpose valve) in series.

Scheduling of Water Distribution System Rehabilitation Using Structured Messy Genetic Algorithms

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Driss Halhal ◽  
Godfrey A. Walters ◽  
Dragan A. Savic ◽  
Driss Ouazar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Artificial Network

A methodology is presented for the optimal design and scheduling of investment for the rehabilitation of water distribution networks. Based on the evolutionary programming technique known as Structured Messy Genetic Algorithms, the methodology utilizes a multi-objective formulation which improves the evolutionary process and provides non-dominated optimal solutions over a range of costs and benefits. The model is applied to an example—a small artificial network of fifteen pipes. The effects on the optimal solutions of varying parameters such as interest rate and inflation rate are also investigated.

Analisis Hidrolis dan Jejak Karbon Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih di Pulau Kecil Padat Penduduk (Pulau Lengkang Kecil, Kota Batam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki Apritama ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Yosef Adicita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACTThe clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon

scholarly journals Optimal Regulation of Pumping Station in Water Distribution Networks Using Constant and Variable Speed Pumps: A Technical and Economical Comparison

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Bruno Molino ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Optimal Regulation ◽  
Energy Consuming

Greenhouse gas emission is one of the main environmental issues of today, and energy savings in all industries contribute to reducing energy demand, implying, in turn, less carbon emissions into the atmosphere. In this framework, water pumping systems are one of the most energy-consuming activities. The optimal regulation of pumping systems with the use of variable speed drives is gaining the attention of designers and managing authorities. However, optimal management and operation of pumping systems is often performed, employing variable speed drives without considering if the energy savings are enough to justify their purchasing and installation costs. In this paper, the authors compare two optimal pump scheduling techniques, optimal regulation of constant speed pumps by an optimal ON/OFF sequence and optimal regulation with a variable speed pump. Much of the attention is devoted to the analysis of the costs involved in a hypothetical managing authority for the water distribution system in order to determine whether the savings in operating costs is enough to justify the employment of variable speed drives.

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals Using open software to teach resource assessment of renewable energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegui ◽  
Mirari Antxustegi ◽  
Maria Gonzalez ◽  
Alvaro Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Ocean Energy

The students of the Faculties of Engineering of the Universitty of Basque Country (Gipuzkoa-Eibar and Bilbao) in the last years of their studies, before becoming engineers, have the opportunity to select a block of subjects intended to enhance their knowledge on Wind Energy, Ocean Energy, Biomass and Hydraulic Energy. These subjects are devoted to different aspects of the water cycle management, and geographical representations of wind, ocean and biomass energy resource. Apart from the transmission of good practices, the focus is practical and is based on hands-on computer real-life exercises, which involves not only intensive programming using high-level software, but also the spatial representation of results. To that purpose three main open source codes are used: EPANET (https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epanet), QGIS (https://www.qgis.org/) and R (https://www.cran.r-project.org/). Students learn how to address real-life problems regarding the correct calculation of water distribution networks with EPANET, geographical representation of wind and ocean energy resource with R, and spatial representation of biomass resource with QGIS.

scholarly journals Compressed sensing based optimal sensor placement for leak localization in water distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Dibo Hou ◽  
Hongjian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Mutual Coherence ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Leak Localization

Abstract The performance of model-based leak detection and localization techniques heavily depends on the configuration of a limited number of sensors. This paper presents a sensor placement optimization strategy that guarantees sufficient diagnosability while satisfying the budget constraint. Based on the theory of compressed sensing, the leak localization problem could be transformed into acquiring the sparse leak-induced demands from the available measurements, and the average mutual coherence is devised as a diagnosability criterion for evaluating whether the measurements contain enough information for identifying the potential leaks. The optimal sensor placement problem is then reformulated as a {0, 1} quadratic knapsack problem, seeking an optimal sensor placement scheme by minimizing the average mutual coherence to maximize the degree of diagnosability. To effectively handle the complicated real-life water distribution networks, a validated binary version of artificial bee colony algorithm enhanced by genetic operators, including crossover and swap, is introduced to solve the binary knapsack problem. The proposed strategy is illustrated and validated through a real-life water distribution network with synthetically generated field data.

scholarly journals Using real options for an eco-friendly design of water distribution systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marques ◽  
Maria Cunha ◽  
Dragan A. Savić
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Real Options Approach ◽  
Materials Used

This paper presents a real options approach to handling uncertainties associated with the long-term planning of water distribution system development. Furthermore, carbon emissions associated with the installation and operation of water distribution networks are considered. These emissions are computed by taking an embodied energy approach to the different materials used in water networks. A simulated annealing heuristic is used to optimise a flexible eco-friendly design of water distribution systems for an extended life horizon. This time horizon is subdivided into different time intervals in which different possible decision paths can be followed. The proposed approach is applied to a case study and the results are presented according to a decision tree. Lastly, some comparisons and results are used to demonstrate the quality of the results of this approach.

Uncertainty quantification of pressure-driven analysis for water distribution network modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Min Lee ◽  
Do Guen Yoo ◽  
Doosun Kang ◽  
Hwandon Jun ◽  
Joong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pressure Driven Analysis ◽  
Pressure Driven

The hydraulic analysis of water distribution networks (WDNs) is divided into two approaches: namely, a demand-driven analysis (DDA) and a pressure-driven analysis (PDA). In the DDA, the basic assumption is that the nodal demand is fully supplied irrespective of the nodal pressure, which is mainly suitable for normal operating conditions. However, in abnormal conditions, such as pipe failures or unexpected increase in demand, the DDA approach may cause unrealistic results, such as negative pressure. To address the shortcomings of DDA, PDA has been considered in a number of studies. For PDA, however, the head-outflow relation (HOR) should be given, which is known to contain a high degree of uncertainty. Here, the DDA-based simulator, EPANET2 was modified to develop a PDA model simulating pressure deficient conditions and a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was performed to consider the quantitative uncertainty in HOR. The developed PDA model was applied to two networks (a well-known benchmark system and a real-life WDN) and the results showed that the proposed model is superior to other reported models when dealing with negative pressure under abnormal conditions. In addition, the MCS-based sensitivity analysis presents the ranges of pressure and available discharge, quantifying service reliability of water networks.

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