Water consumption in a public swimming pool

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311
Author(s):  
Marco Maglionico ◽  
Irena Stojkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Daily Attendance ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Daily Attendance ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Swimming pools are heavy consumers of potable water and energy in cities. Despite this, the lack of monitoring requirements produces a lack of references for their water consumption. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a case-study water consumption analysis of a public swimming pool in the city of Bologna (Italy). After upgrading the water fixtures and filters in summer 2012, consumption and attendance at the Cá Selvatica swimming pool were monitored. With an average daily attendance of 88.6 people/day, taking into account both personal and technical consumption, an overall per capita consumption of about 96.1 l/person/day was determined. The water demand for personal uses only (showers, toilets, etc.) was found to be about 44.6 l/person/day. These values can be used to assess retrofitting benefits and water consumption benchmarks.

scholarly journals Identifying the Drivers of Water Consumption in Single-Family Households in Joinville, Southern Brazil

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Garcia ◽  
Luis Ricardo Salfer ◽  
Andreza Kalbusch ◽  
Elisa Henning
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

This study aims to identify the factors that may influence water consumption in single-family households in the city of Joinville, Southern Brazil. Through questionnaires, data were collected from 108 households in several neighborhoods of the city. The questionnaires contained open-ended and closed-ended questions involving the surrounding infrastructure, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, constructive characteristics, installed plumbing fixtures, and water-use habits, totaling 57 variables. The independent variables were correlated to monthly water consumption (m3/month/household) and per capita consumption (liters/person/day) of each household. The statistically significant variables that affected households water consumption were related to demographic characteristics such as number of residents and educational level, construction features (i.e., number of bathrooms, building age, and built area), the presence of water-efficient appliances and water conservation habits. The results obtained can contribute to the development of new studies on water consumption and sustainable policies and awareness on the importance of water conservation.

Strategic Research on Urban Stormwater Resource Utilization in the Resource Water Shortage Cities - Base on Stormwater Data of 58 Resource Water Shortage Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Fu Huang ◽  
Jing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
City Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Based on the resource water shortage cities as the research object in this paper, we use the factor analysis method to evaluate the degree of water shortage in the resource water shortage cities, while these factors include the unit of GDP water consumption, the unit of industrial output water consumption, per capita water resource, the city population, per capita domestic water consumption and the average annual rainfall. We also take Tianjin, which is most seriously lacking water resource, as a case study, and the case reveals the importance of urban stormwater utilization in the resource water shortage cities. Finally, we propose some strategic measures to utilize urban stormwater resource in the resource water shortage cities.

scholarly journals Water footprint of Xiamen city from production and consumption perspectives (2001–2012)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiefeng Kang ◽  
Jianyi Lin ◽  
Shenghui Cui ◽  
Xiangyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Xiamen City ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Providing a comprehensive insight, water footprint (WF) is widely used to analyze and address water-use issues. In this study, a hybrid of bottom-up and top-down methods is applied to calculate, from production and consumption perspectives, the WF for Xiamen city from 2001 to 2012. Results show that the average production WF of Xiamen was 881.75 Mm3/year and remained relatively stable during the study period, while the consumption WF of Xiamen increased from 979.56 Mm3/year to 1,664.97 Mm3/year over the study period. Xiamen thus became a net importer of virtual water since 2001. Livestock was the largest contributor to the total WF from both production and consumption perspectives; it was followed by crops, industry, household use, and commerce. The efficiency of the production WF has increased in Xiamen, and its per capita consumption WF was relatively low. The city faces continuing growth in its consumption WF, so more attention should be paid to improving local irrigation, reducing food waste, and importing water-intensive agricultural products.

scholarly journals Analysis of the daily consumption of potable water in the urban area of the Ambato city in the Province of Tungurahua-Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 958 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
M Mayacela ◽  
D Moya ◽  
F Morales ◽  
L Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Daily Record ◽  
The City

Abstract The consumption of drinking water has increased over the years worldwide, therefore, the analysis of daily consumption in a certain sector is important, to know the existing demand of the population of the sector under analysis. The study of water consumption not only allows the knowledge of the amount of water consumed in a population, it also enables future projects for the design and redesign of potable water distribution networks. The main methodology for this analysis was the daily record for a period of 60 days, in each of the sectors corresponding to the urban area of Ambato city; this methodology allowed the analysis of the typical week of the sector and therefore the amount of water consumed per day in the urban sector,it was concluded that the San Francisco parish presents the highest demand for water consumption per capita with a requirement of 256.48 L/inhab/day, the predominant type of residence in the urban area of the city of Ambato is type B, which is characterized by having a typical structural system in which reinforced concrete predominates.

scholarly journals Reduction of Potable Water Consumption and Sewage Generation on a City Scale: A Case Study in Brazil

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cureau ◽  
Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Greywater Reuse

This article aims to estimate the reduction of potable water consumption and sewage generation in the city of Joinville, southern Brazil. Four strategies were considered to promote potable water savings: replacement of conventional toilets with dual-flush ones, greywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, and the combination of these three strategies. Residential, public, and commercial sectors were assessed. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 1.7% to 50.5%, and the potential for sewage generation reduction ranged from 2.1% to 52.1%. The single-family residential sector was the most representative for water savings and sewage generation reduction. The public sector would be the least contributor to such reductions. It was found that in the city of Joinville, for low non-potable water demands, greywater reuse was the most viable strategy to save water. When non-potable demand is high and there is a large catchment area, it is recommended to install rainwater harvesting systems. It was concluded that there is a high potential for potable water savings and reduction of sewage generation if measures were adopted in Joinville, but it is necessary to evaluate which strategy is the most appropriate for each building.

Specific water consumption for households in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Per Capita

This water consumption is expressed in liters/capita/day. The consumption of potable water is widely variable, with a large gap between cities. Household consumption per capita varies from 28 to 631 liters per day, a factor of 20. The full data are available online. For more information, visit: www.waterstatistics.org Drinking water Supply

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