Physico-Chemical-Biological Treatment of Municipal Wastewater

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. El-Gohary ◽  
S. I. Abo-Elela ◽  
S. A. Shehata ◽  
H. M. El-Kamah
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Solids Removal

Physico-chemical sewage treatment via coagulation-sedimentation is put in action for suspended solids removal. The effectiveness of this technology concerning the soluble organic content is extremely low. In direct comparison, the use of a biological sand-bed and a high-rate oxidation pond as a tertiary treatment for the chemically treated effluent brought about a substantial increase in efficiency. Experimental investigations performed led to the conclusions that, for the reuse of wastewater for irrigation, chemical treatment is appropriate. For discharge of treated effluents into surface water, combination of the physico-chemical-biological scheme is recommended.

Municipal wastewater treatment with pond–constructed wetland system: a case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
X. Bai ◽  
J. Qiu ◽  
B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
System A ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Better Than

The performance of a pond–constructed wetland system in the treatment of municipal wastewater in Kiaochow city was studied; and comparison with oxidation ponds system was conducted. In the post-constructed wetland, the removal of COD, TN and TP is 24%, 58.5% and 24.8% respectively. The treated effluent from the constructed wetland can meet the Chinese National Agricultural and Irrigation Standard. The comparison between pond–constructed wetland system and oxidation pond system shows that total nitrogen removal in a constructed wetland is better than that in an oxidation pond and the TP removal is inferior. A possible reason is the low dissolved oxygen concentration in the wetland. Constructed wetlands can restrain the growth of algae effectively, and can produce obvious ecological and economical benefits.

Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130881
Author(s):  
Asfak Patel ◽  
Ambika Arkatkar ◽  
Srishti Singh ◽  
Alija Rabbani ◽  
Juan David Solorza Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Physico Chemical

Technological Strategies for Protecting and Improving the Biological Treatment of Wastewater from a Petrochemical Complex

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menahem Rebhun ◽  
Noah Galil
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Technological Strategies ◽  
Biological Treatment Process ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The wastewater from a petrochemical complex is characterized by a diversity of pollutants including hydrocarbons, in free and emulsified form, phenols including cresols and xylenols, mercaptans, sulfides, ammonia and cyanides. The wastewater treatment of the reported petrochemical complex is based on a multiple stage treatment approach, consisting of physico - chemical, and biological processes. The biological treatment process could be efficiently protected by preliminary wastewater flow regulation, controlling hydraulic and pollutants loads. Additional protection and improvement of the biological treatment was achieved by preliminary removal of more than 90 percent of the oil found in free and in emulsified form in the raw wastewater. Significant reliability and efficiency could be achieved by a combined biological treatment consisting of aerated ponds, lime clarification and a water cooling industrial system, recycling treated effluent as make-up.

Strategies for the reduction of Legionella in biological treatment systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nogueira ◽  
K.-U. Utecht ◽  
M. Exner ◽  
W. Verstraete ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
Insight Into

A community-wide outbreak of Legionnaire's disease occurred in Warstein, Germany, in August 2013. The epidemic strain, Legionella pneumophila Serogruppe 1, was isolated from an industrial wastewater stream entering the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Wartein, the WWTP itself, the river Wäster and air/water samples from an industrial cooling system 3 km downstream of the WWTP. The present study investigated the effect of physical–chemical disinfection methods on the reduction of the concentration of Legionella in the biological treatment and in the treated effluent entering the river Wäster. Additionally, to gain insight into the factors that promote the growth of Legionella in biological systems, growth experiments were made with different substrates and temperatures. The dosage rates of silver micro-particles, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide and ozone and pH stress to the activated sludge were not able to decrease the number of culturable Legionella spp. in the effluent. Nevertheless, the UV treatment of secondary treated effluent reduced Legionella spp. on average by 1.6–3.4 log units. Laboratory-scale experiments and full-scale measurements suggested that the aerobic treatment of warm wastewater (30–35 °C) rich in organic nitrogen (protein) is a possible source of Legionella infection.

Occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater and their fate in biological treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloepfer ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
M. Jekel ◽  
T. Reemtsma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
The Individual

A number of 2-substituted benzothiazoles that are known to be used as fungicides, corrosion inhibitors and vulcanization accelerators in industry have been analyzed in municipal wastewater and the effluents of activated sludge and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment over a three month period. All six analytes were regularly detected in the municipal wastewater by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and amount to a total concentration of 3.4 μg/L. Of these compounds benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (1,700 ng/L), benzothiazole (850 ng/L) and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (500 ng/L) were most prominent. The source of the benzothiazole emission is yet unknown. Activated sludge treatment did not reduce total benzothiazole concentration significantly. Removals of the individual compounds ranged from 90% for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 70% for hydroxybenzothiazole to 40% for benzothiazole. The concentration of benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid increased by 20%, whereas 2-methylthiobenzothiazole increased by 160% during activated sludge treatment, likely due to the methylation of mercaptobenzothiazole. Total benzothiazole removal in two parallely operated MBRs was significantly better (43%) than in the conventional activated sludge treatment. Namely benzothiazole and benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid were more effectively removed. This first systematic study on the occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater has shown that this is a relevant class of trace contaminants in municipal wastewater which is only incompletely removed in biological wastewater treatment. Emission from sewage treatment is dominated by the most polar benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid. MBR treatment may reduce but cannot avoid this emission.

Upscaling a Compact Nitrogen Removal Process

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rogalla ◽  
M. Badard ◽  
F. Hansen ◽  
P. Dansholm
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Aerated Filter

The new European Guideline on municipal wastewater discharges will require nitrogen removal in all sensitive areas below 15 mg TN/l. To achieve this limit within reasonable time and budget, infrastructure cost has to be minimised. To construct new sewage treatment plants close to urban neighborhoods or to upgrade existing facilites within current plant boundaries, high-rate reactors for nitrogen were investigated. The retained option was an upflow aerated filter on a floating granular media. The lightweight media facilitates backwashing, and an anoxic zone at the filter bottom achieves denitrification. After extensive pilot tests to quantify the performance of the reactor, a demonstration plant of one full-scale filter cell was constructed and operated for two years to verify technological as well as process options. The dynamic behaviour of the reactor could be assessed by continuous reading of ammonia and carbon pollution. This paper describes the results obtained and the observed system limits. The reactor was fed with primary settled wastewater containing about 450 mg COD/l and 65 mg TKN/l. Filtration velocity was varied between 1 and 2 m/h, and 100 to 300 % of the feed flow was recirculated. The removal rates at different temperatures were measured, under an applied load of 5 kg COD/m3 d, nitrification and denitrification capacities in the respective zones were around 1 kg N/m3 d at 15 °C. Up to 50 mg TN/l could be removed and the required effluent quality of the EC guideline could thus be achieved with an empty bed contact time of 2 hours. An additional on-site pilot test showed that within this same detention time, total nitrogen residuals down to 5 mg/l could be achieved at 10 °C.

Wastewater Treatment by Artificial Wetlands

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Gersberg ◽  
B. V. Elkins ◽  
C. R. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Solids Removal

This report describes studies of artificial wetlands at Santee, California which demonstrate the capacity of these systems for integrated secondary treatment (BOD and suspended solids removal) and advanced treatment (nitrogen removal) of municipal wastewater effluents. When receiving a blend of primary (1°) and secondary (2°) wastewaters at a blend ratio of 1:2 (6 cm per day 1° : 12 cm per day 2° ), mean removal efficiencies for a complete year of operation from July, 1982 through July, 1983 were 80% for total nitrogen (TN) and 80% for total inorganic nitrogen, with the mean inflow TN level of 21.5 mgl−1 reduced to a mean value of 4.3 mgl−1 in the wetland effluent. The BOD and suspended solids removal efficiencies were 93% and 88% respectively. The mean wetland effluent values for both BOD and suspended solids were below the 10/10 mgl−1 standard for advanced secondary treatment. When primary effluent was the sole source of inflow to the artificial wetlands, BOD and suspended solids levels approaching the quality of a secondary treated effluent (30/30 mgl−1) could be attained at an application rate of 6-8.3 cm per day. In this case, mean BOD and suspended solids removal efficiencies for the complete year from July, 1982 through August, 1983, were 78% and 80% respectively, with the effluent levels reduced to mean values of 33 mgl−1 for BOD and 10 mgl−1 for suspended solids. At the application rate of 6 cm per day, our study shows that only 16 acres (6.5 ha) of constructed wetlands would be required to treat 3785 m3 of primary wastewaters to secondary treatment levels. Data on capital and O&M cost show that artificial wetlands are competitive with other treatment technologies available to small to medium sized communities.

The Problem of Phosphorus in France – Its Presence in Natural Waters and Biological Phosphorus Removal

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Vinçonneau ◽  
F. Schaack ◽  
A. F. Boschet ◽  
D. Chevalier ◽  
D. Villesot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The problem of nutrient inputs to surface waters is reviewed. These inputs lead to eutrophication and an undesirable decrease in water quality. The origin and effects of eutrophication, and the principles of its control are described. The preferred method of control is through the reduction of phosphorus inputs. The origins of phosphorus inputs and methods of limiting these are considered, in particular through physico-chemical and biological treatment processes in sewage treatment plants. It is concluded that efficient control of eutrophication through reduction of phosphorus inputs is possible.

A high rate clarifier for load levelling in sewerage systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
R.A. Jago ◽  
A. Davey ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Physico Chemical

The combining of chemically assisted clarification with a proprietary physical separation technology has led to a high rate process for clarifying flocculated sewage and other waste streams. This hybrid physico-chemical system, known as the CDS Fine Solids Separation (FSS) System, was developed over a two year period within a sewage treatment plant environment. This paper summarises the results of a recent field trial of the system with a Victorian water authority which experiences heavy loading of sewers in a coastal town during holiday periods. The trial sought to evaluate the FSS as a tool for smoothing the load on the 11 km long sewer to the sewage treatment plant (STP). The FSS system could possibly enable the costly augmentation of the sewer to be deferred, particularly as the capacity of the existing sewer pipe is satisfactory for most of the year. Water quality parameters were determined for a range of flowrates and operational conditions over a two month period. Large reductions were achieved in TSS, TP, FC, turbidity and BOD5, with only minimal reductions in NH3 and TON. These results showed that the FSS could meet the authority's objectives for load levelling and would provide a 20-25% increase in effective sewer capacity. The data are also discussed in terms of possible use of the effluent from the FSS for water reuse applications.

Performance of an Integrated Ponding System Operated in Arid Zones

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Puskas ◽  
I. I. Esen ◽  
I. Banat ◽  
R. Al-Daher
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treated Effluent

This research project was aimed at developing a ponding system for municipal wastewater treatment adapted to arid regions. High-rate algal ponds preceded by facultative ponds create a combined biological system that can provide treated effluent suitable for landscape irrigation or, after being upgraded, for agricultural irrigation; the system can also provide algae for soil conditioning or animal feed. A pilot plant was designed and constructed to study the operation and performance of the system, an intensive experimental program was introduced with in-situ measurements of the daily pond conditions and laboratory analysis of the pond effluents to evaluate the system and determine the design parameters. The algal-bacterial ponding system performed satisfactorily providing treated effluent with less than 20 mg/l BOD, 130 mg/l COD, 40 mg/l total nitrogen and 25 mg/l NH3N. The average production of algal biomass was 250 kg/ha.d. Proper disinfection was achieved, indicated by average bacterial count of 5 N/ml total coliforms and 1000 N/ml total bacteria. The area's seasonal weather variations, dense wastewater and fluctuating organic and hydraulic load, did not adversely effect the system. The pilot operation proved the advantages and efficiency of the algal-bacterial pond system in arid regions.

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