Investigation of Bacterial Populations Producing Elevated MPN Values and False Positive Fecal Coliform Counts and Applicable Disinfectants in an Industrial Wastewater

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Davis ◽  
D. L. Manville ◽  
J. J. Mathewson ◽  
G. W. Meriwether
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Probable Number

This poster presents data on the types of bacteria which produced elevated, most probable number (MPN) fecal coliform values in an industrial waste treatment plant effluent. The principal influent stream, a pulp and paper mill wastewater, contained principally Klebsiella species of environmental, not enteric origin. Fecal streptococci and enterococci were low in numbers. Eight disinfectants were tested on a small (currently acid disinfected) municipal wastewater incoming stream and on the main plant effluent.

Significance of indicator bacteria changes in an urban stream

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst M. Davis ◽  
M. Truett Garrett ◽  
Terri D. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Tidal Reach

An urban coastal stream, above tidal reach, and three municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents were analyzed for fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and enterococci to determine the effect of dechlorination on those bacterial populations. Analyses were conducted during low and high flow periods from stormwater inflow. Improvement in bacterial water quality was found, principally due to municipality efforts to correct illicit connections and other sewerage system problems. Fecal coliform genera were identified and quantified. Regrowth of dechlorinated effluent bacteria was minimal.

Modelling carbon oxidation in pulp mill activated sludge systems: calibration of Activated Sludge Model No 3

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Barañao ◽  
E.R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Activated Sludge Model ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Activated Sludge Model No 3 (ASM3) was chosen to model an activated sludge system treating effluents from a mechanical pulp and paper mill. The high COD concentration and the high content of readily biodegradable substrates of the wastewater make this model appropriate for this system. ASM3 was calibrated based on batch respirometric tests using fresh wastewater and sludge from the treatment plant, and on analytical measurements of COD, TSS and VSS. The model, developed for municipal wastewater, was found suitable for fitting a variety of respirometric batch tests, performed at different temperatures and food to microorganism ratios (F/M). Therefore, a set of calibrated parameters, as well as the wastewater COD fractions, was estimated for this industrial wastewater. The majority of the calibrated parameters were in the range of those found in the literature.

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
Risky Hadi Wibowo ◽  
Welly Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Range

Coliform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB).  Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers.

scholarly journals Is Drinking Water Sources Safe for Drink? A Multicenter Assessment of Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water Sources in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goyitom Gebremedhn ◽  
Abera Aregawi Berhe ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Lemlem Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Background Fecal contamination of drinking water sources is the main cause of diarrhea with estimated incidence of 4.6 billion episodes and 2.2 million deaths every year. Methods A total of 145 water samples of different source type were collected from different areas in Tigray region from August 2018 to January 2019. The water samples from each site were selected purposively which involved sampling of water sources with the highest number of users and functionality status during the study period. Most Probable Number (MPN) protocol was used for the bacteriological analysis of the samples. Results A total of 145 water samples were collected from six zones in Tigray region, Ethiopia from August 2018 to January 2019. The study indicated that 63(43.5%) of the water samples were detected to have fecal coliform which is E.coli. In Mekelle city, which is the capital city of Tigray region, three in five 34(60.7%) of the collected samples were confirmed to have fecal coliform. Water samples from health facilities were 9.48 times [AOR=9.48, 95%CI: (1.59, 56.18)] more likely to have fecal coliform. Water samples from wells were 10.23 times [AOR=10.23, 95%CI: (2.74, 38.26)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Similarly, water samples from hand pumps were 22.28 times [AOR=22.28, 95%CI: (1.26, 393.7)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Water samples reported to be not chlorinated were 3.51 times [AOR=3.51, 95%CI: (1.35, 9.13)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from chlorinated sources. Conclusion In this study all water source, including the chlorinated drinking water sources, were found highly contaminated with fecal origin bacteria. This may be mainly due to constructional defects, poor sanitation inspection, poor maintenance, intermittent water supply and irregular chlorination.

Occurrence of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Their Metabolites in Canadian Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents and Sludge

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Biu Lee ◽  
Thomas E. Peart
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Treated Effluent

Abstract A survey of the concentrations of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) and their metabolites in the primary and secondary treated effluent and sludge samples collected from pulp and paper mills was conducted. Through the coordination of the Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada (PAPRICAN), 19 Canadian and one U.S. mill of various process types and waste treatment methods supplied samples in this study. Previously developed solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry methods were used for the determination of NPnEO and their metabolites, nonylphenol (NP) and the carboxylates (NPEC), in effluent and sludge samples. The levels of NPnEO ranged from <2 to 129 (median 4.5) µg/L and from <2 to 71.3 (median 5.8) µg/L for the primary and secondary effluents, respectively. The concentrations of NP varied from <0.1 to 1.32 (median 0.35) µg/L in the primary effluent and from <0.1 to 4.32 (median <0.1) µg/L in the secondary effluent. NPECs were found in only one primary and four secondary effluent samples, with an overall concentration range from <1 to 32 µg/L. These results are lower than those reported for paper mill effluents discharged into the lower Fox River, WI, USA. For the pulp and paper mill sludge, the levels of NPnEO and NP, on a dry weight basis, varied from <1 to 90.8 (median 21) µg/g and from <0.05 to 121 (median 1.3) µg/g, respectively. While NPnEO and NP were detected in nearly all sludge, their concentrations were lower than those observed for digested sewage sludge. Again, NPEC were found in only four samples, with an overall range from <1 to 18.5 µg/g. No relationship between the nonylphenolic levels in the effluent samples and the process and waste treatment types of the mill was found.

Comparative Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
M. W. PRESNELL ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Area Standard

During a 24-month survey, 539 samples each of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the overlying water were collected to determine the relation of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and water to the presence of Salmonella in the shellfish themselves. Occurrence of Salmonella in the shellfish more closely paralleled a progressive increase in the fecal coliform MPN as compared to the total coliform MPN in the water and shellfish meat. The percentage of Salmonella-positive shellfish samples was somewhat higher in oysters harvested from waters conforming to the present bacteriological approved growing area standard of ≤70 total coliforms per 100 ml water as compared to these same waters meeting a recently proposed fecal coliform standard of ≤14 organisms per 100 ml. In no instance was Salmonella detected in oysters from growing areas officially approved for harvesting on the basis of both a bacteriological and sanitary survey. Of a variety of enrichment broths and plating media used for recovery of Salmonella from oysters, direct enrichment in tetrathionate broth with added brilliant green followed by streaking on bismuth sulfite agar was the most productive combination of media for recovering a large variety of Salmonella serotypes.

Visual Demerit and Microbiological Evaluation of Beef Carcasses: Methodology

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLAUS W. F. JERICHO ◽  
JOHN A. BRADLEY ◽  
VICTOR P. J. GANNON ◽  
GERALD C. KOZUB
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Variance Component Estimates

A repeatable, automated method was developed for estimating aerobic bacterial populations on surfaces of groups of beef carcasses. Ten sample cluster sites (CS) were identified by localizing visual demerits (Canadian Streamlined Inspection System) on 200 carcasses at one plant. Most probable number growth units per cm2 (MPNGU/cm2) on hydrophobic grid membrane filters (HGMF) were assessed by an automated HGMF interpreter for excision samples from the centers of these CS. Between-sample variation of more than 90% of the total log10 MPNGU/cm2 variance indicated good repeatability between HGMF of the same sample and interpretations of the same HGMF. Variance component estimates indicated that there was considerable variation in MPNGU/cm2 between carcasses and between paired adjacent samples for a CS. A statistically significant but weak association was found between the demerit scores of a CS and MPNGU at its center. The variance component estimates will be used to estimate the sample size required for future group-carcass evaluations.

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