Influence of Diffuse Pollution on the Eutrophication and Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Morava River Basin

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Žáková ◽  
D. Beránková ◽  
E. Kocková ◽  
P. Kríž
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Morava River Basin

Diffuse (nonpoint) pollution from the river basin is responsible for a substantial part of Czech reservoirs' deterioration caused by eutrophication and water pollution. The research results of two model drinking water supply reservoirs (different area and depth) in the Morava river basin showed that the main nutrient sources in the period 1960-1991 were: agricultural land use (overland and subsurface transport of nutrients, effects of drainage and erosion), point sources (urban activities, agricultural farms) and atmospheric depositions of N and P compounds. The accelerated eutrophication was manifested by the increasing development of phytoplankton. The main problems entail occurrence of toxic species of Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa and some other species (e.g. Pseudanabaena limnetica). In the small and shallow drinking water reservoir of Ludkovice the living algae penetrated drinking water. In the deep reservoir of Vír the situation was more favourable. The increase of nutrient input (N,P) during the period 1969-1992 was highly significant Various measures have been proposed to slow the reservoir eutrophication (sustainable use of land, best management practices - soil retention, buffer strips, constructed wetlands etc.).

scholarly journals Seasonal assessment, treatment and removal of heavy metal concentrations in a tropical drinking water reservoir

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshood Keke Mustapha ◽  
Joy Chinenye Ewulum
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Materials

AbstractHeavy metals are present in low concentrations in reservoirs, but seasonal anthropogenic activities usually elevate the concentrations to a level that could become a health hazard. The dry season concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc were assessed from three sites for 12 weeks in Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria. Triplicate surface water samples were collected and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trend in the level of concentrations in the three sites is site C > B > A, while the trend in the levels of the concentrations in the reservoir is Ni > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg. Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg were found to be higher than the WHO guidelines for the metals in drinking water. The high concentration of these metals was from anthropogenic watershed run-off of industrial effluents, domestic sewages and agricultural materials into the reservoir coming from several human activities such as washing, bathing, fish smoking, especially in site C. The health effects of high concentration of these metals in the reservoir were highlighted. Methods for the treatment and removal of the heavy metals from the reservoir during water purification such as active carbon adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, oxidation-filtration, softening treatment and reverse osmosis process were highlighted. Other methods that could be used include phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, bisorption and bioremediation. Watershed best management practices (BMP) remains the best solution to reduce the intrusion of the heavy metals from the watershed into the reservoir.

scholarly journals Discharge and Nitrogen Transfer Modelling in the Berze River: A HYPE Setup and Calibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturs Veinbergs ◽  
Ainis Lagzdins ◽  
Viesturs Jansons ◽  
Kaspars Abramenko ◽  
Ritvars Sudars
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Field

Abstract This study is focused on water quality and quantity modelling in the Berze River basin located in the Zemgale region of Latvia. The contributing basin area of 872 km2 is furthermore divided into 15 sub-basins designated according to the characteristics of hydrological network and water sampling programme. The river basin of interest is a spatially complex system with agricultural land and forests as two predominant land use types. Complexity of the system reflects in the discharge intensity and diffuse pollution of nitrogen compounds into the water bodies of the river basin. The presence of urban area has an impact as the load from the existing wastewater treatment plants consist up to 76 % of the total nitrogen load in the Berze River basin. Representative data sets of land cover, agricultural field data base for crop distribution analysis, estimation of crop management, soil type map, digital elevation model, drainage conditions, network of water bodies and point sources were used for the modelling procedures. The semi-distributed hydro chemical model HYPE has a setup to simulate discharge and nitrogen transfer. In order to make the model more robust and appropriate for the current study the data sets previously stated were classified by unifying similar spatially located polygons. The data layers were overlaid and 53 hydrological response units (SLCs) were created. Agricultural land consists of 48 SLCs with the details of soils, drainage conditions, crop types, and land management practices. Manual calibration procedure was applied to improve the performance of discharge simulation. Simulated discharge values showed good agreement with the observed values with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.82 and bias of −6.6 %. Manual calibration of parameters related to nitrogen leakage simulation was applied to test the most sensitive parameters.

Mercury content in fish from drinking-water reservoirs in the Morava River Basin (Czech Republic)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Novotna Kruzikova ◽  
Zuzana Siroka ◽  
Pavel Jurajda ◽  
Danka Harustiakova ◽  
Zdenka Smolikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Morava River Basin

Stimulating implementation of best management practices to reduce pesticide loads to surface water in a small agricultural catchment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Seuntjens ◽  
Ellen Pauwelyn ◽  
Els Belmans ◽  
Ingeborg Joris ◽  
Elien Dupon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Impact

<p>High-quality, safe, and sufficient drinking water is essential for life: we use it for drinking, food preparation and cleaning. Agriculture is the biggest source of pesticides and nitrate pollution in European fresh waters. Pesticide occurrences in rivers result from diffuse runoff from farmland or from point sources from the farmyard. Although many best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate these diffuse and point sources are developed and widely disseminated for several years, the effective implementation of mitigation measures in practice remains limited. Therefore, the Waterprotect project has been set up to improve the knowledge and awareness of the impact of crop protection products on the water quality among the many actors, to identify the bottlenecks for implementation of suitable BMPs and further develop new governance strategies to overcome these issues for a more effective drinking water protection. As all actors share the responsibility to deal with the water quality, government agencies (e.g. environmental agencies), private actors (e.g. drinking water company, input supplier, processing industry) and civil society actors (e.g. farmers) are involved in the project. Processes to cope with the problem are initiated in 7 action labs among which the Belgian Bollaertbeek action lab. The study area is a small agricultural catchment where surface water is used as intake to produce drinking water for the nearby city. The area is sensitive to erosion and based on a physical analysis and risk analysis of the catchment, the implementation of filling and cleaning places on individual farms and buffer strips along the watercourse are proposed as suitable measures to tackle the pollution problem. In order to implement them, mechanisms to increase the involvement of targeted farmers and alternative governance systems are studied. Results of the analysis of the water quality issues and the water governance system in the Belgian Bollaertbeek action lab and the strategies to try to improve the uptake of mitigation measures to improve water quality will be presented.</p>

Integrated watershed approach in controlling point and non-point source pollution within Zelivka drinking water reservoir

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holas ◽  
M. Hrncir
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water Reservoir ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

An agricultural watershed involves manipulation of soil, water and other natural resources and it has profound impacts on ecosystems. To manage these complex issues, we must understand causes and consequences and interactions-related transport of pollutants, quality of the environment, mitigation measures and policy measures. A ten year period of economic changes has been analysed with respect to sustainable development concerning Zelivka drinking water reservoir and its watershed, where agriculture and forestry are the main human activities. It is recommended that all land users within a catchment area should receive payments for their contribution to water cycle management. Setting up the prevention principles and best management practices financially subsidized by a local water company has been found very effective in both point and non-point source pollution abatement, and the newly prepared Clean Water Programme actively involves local municipal authorities as well. The first step based on systems analysis was to propose effective strategies and select alternative measures and ways for their financing. Long term monitoring of nutrient loads entering the reservoir and hazardous events statistics resulted in maps characterising the territory including vulnerable zones and risk factors. Financing involves providing annual payments to farmers, who undertake to manage specified areas of their land in a particular way and one-off payments to realise proposed issues ensuring soil conservation and watershed ecosystem benefits.

scholarly journals Assessing Opportunities to Increase Yield and Profit in Rainfed Lowland Rice Systems in Indonesia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Erythrina Erythrina ◽  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Charles Y. Bora ◽  
Dina O. Dewi ◽  
Martina S. Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Gap

In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha–1 (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha–1), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha–1 (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha–1) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha–1, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha–1, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.

Solid/liquid partition coefficients to model trace element critical loads for agricultural soils in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Sheppard ◽  
S C Sheppard ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid

Canadian consumers are demanding a sustainable agricultural industry as well as products delivered under Best Management Practices (BMPs). Trace element accumulation in soils may influence crop productivity, food quality and ecosystem and human health. Canada’s feed and foodstuff export industry has already faced cases of penalties for high trace element content [cadmium (Cd) in durum wheat]. Thus, it is imperative to be able to estimate the accumulation and potential short- and long-term impacts of trace elements in soil. A national-level Trace Element Indicator (TEI) based on present loadings of trace elements to agricultural land is in progress. An Expert Panel including Canadian, American and Australian experts guided the assembly of a proposed methodology for this TEI. The proposed TEI, described briefly here, is a critical load approach with a single expression of the risk of impact from single or multiple trace elements from multiple sources (manures, biosolids, effluents and fertilizers and natural processes), invoked in a stochastic manner. Two key data requirements are the current background levels of trace elements in soil, and the leachability of these trace elements. A survey of total and soluble concentrations of 54 elements in up to 112 soils was completed. Although preliminary in scope, these represent key soil series in Canada. From this, a database of the solid/liquid partition coefficient, Kd, was computed. These Kd values will be used to characterize the leachability of the trace elements. Key words: Cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, uranium, metals, Kd, distribution coefficient

Source apportionment of riverine nitrogen transport based on catchment modelling

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans B. Wittgren ◽  
Berit Arheimer
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Total N ◽  
Management Measures

Source apportionment of river substance transport, i.e. estimation of how much each source in each subbasin contributes to the river-mouth transport, is a vital step in achieving the most efficient management practices to reduce pollutant loads to the sea. In this study, the spatially lumped (at sub-catchment level), semi-empirical PULSE hydrological model, with a nitrogen routine coupled to it, was used to perform source apportionment of nitrogen transport in the Söderköpingsån river basin (882 km2) in south-eastern Sweden, for the period 1991–93. The river basin was divided into 28 subbasins and the following sources were considered: land leakage from the categories forest, arable and ley/pasture; point sources, and; atmospheric deposition on lake surfaces. The calibrated model yielded an explained variance of 60%, based on comparison of measured and modelled river nitrogen (Total N) concentrations. Eight subbasins, with net contributions to the river-mouth transport exceeding 3 kg ha−1 yr−1, were identified as the most promising candidates for cost efficient nitrogen management. The other 20 subbasins all had net contributions below 3 kg ha−1 yr−1. Arable land contributed 63% of the nitrogen transport at the river mouth and would thus be in focus for management measures. However, point sources (18% contribution to net transport) should also be considered due to their relatively high accessibility for removal measures (high concentrations). E.g., the most downstream subbasin, with the largest wastewater treatment plant in the whole river basin, had a net contribution of 16 kg ha−1 yr−1. This method for source apportionment may provide authorities with quantitative information about where in a river basin, and at which sources, they should focus their attention. However, once this is done, an analysis with higher resolution has to be performed in each of the interesting subbasins, before decisions on actual management measures can be taken.

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