Nutrient removal by water lettuce (Pisitia stratiotes)

The nutrient uptake and growth rates of the water lettuce [Pisitia stratiotes] were investigated in a batch culture system and a continuous flow system. As the water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes] is well known and widely researched as an aquatic macrophyte, water hyacinths were used as a control in a batch culture system. It was found that the specific growth rate of water lettuce was slightly higher in dry season, and in rainy season the growth rate of water hyacinths decreased almost 70%, but the rate of water lettuce decreased only 45%. From this result, water lettuce is thought to be grow up enough even under low solar radiation. The nitrogen, phosphorus and ash contents of biomass were about 1.5 times higher in water hyacinths than in water lettuce (N:2.15% & 1.65%, P:1.67% & 1.03%, ash 19.6% & 19.9% respectively). As the biomass of water lettuce is not so big and heavy (wet weight of water lettuce was under 100g and the width and height of the plant was under 20cm), removal of surplus biomass from water bodies is easy. It was made clear that water lettuce is very effective for removing nutrient from water bodies.

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Mechanisms for the Purification of Effluents with High Nitrogen Content by a Plant Cover of Water Hyacinths (Eichhornia Crassipes)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0252 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 229-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Basseres ◽

Y. Pietrasanta

Keyword(s):

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Plant Assimilation ◽

High Level ◽

Water Hyacinths ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The mechanisms for the purification of three effluents containing a high level of ammoniacal nitrogen by water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) have been studied. The pollutants (nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and suspended solids) were eliminated by means of the creation of a favourable ecosystem. The liberation of oxygen and the root support provided by the rhizosphere allow a nitrifying bacterial flora to develop. Denitrification can occur when there is no more available nitrogen, namely at the bottom of the pond or when a high BOD mobilises all the available oxygen in the pond. Ammoniacal nitrogen is eliminated by plants (<10%), by nitrification and denitrification (31-68%), sedimentation (2-28%). Phosphorus is eliminated by plant assimilation (3-38%) and precipitation; COD is eliminated by biodegradation and sedimentation (depending on the initial biodegradation of the effluent); the suspended solids (SS) are eliminated (30-90%) by sedimentation and trapping in the roots (26-36%).The purification of effluents containing a high level of ammoniacal nitrogen differs from that of urban effluents in that plants have a lesser role for the elimination of nitrogen.

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Purification of Pisciculture Waters through Cultivation and Harvesting of Aquatic Biomass

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0103 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Simeon ◽

M. Silhol

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Final Decision ◽

Effluent Water ◽

Aquatic Biomass ◽

Growing Period ◽

European Climate ◽

Nuclear Plants ◽

Economical Optimization ◽

Water Hyacinths

The study of thermal wastes from the nuclear plants around Pierrelatte for agricultural, piscicultural, energy and environmental protection purposes resulted in the establishment of a pilot facility as early as 1976. An aquatic macrophyte pilot facility has been operational since 1983 to study the use of water hyacinths from the aspects of energy and ecology. The results obtained suggest that production yields for the 7 month growing period should exceed 60 metric tons (MT) (dry weight) per hectare in a European climate, and that such crops can feasibly be cultivated in temperate regions. The pilot facility is supplied with pisciculture effluent water, making it possible to quantify the stabilization power of the plants. Without primary decantation, with a retention time of 4 days and stabilization with water hyacinths only, the organic matter waste pond surface area required is 3.5 m2/m2 of pisciculture pond. Any primary or secondary facilities will lead to a reduction of these areas. The final decision will depend on the economical optimization of all the wastewater.

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Floristic Diversity of Asan Wetland, Uttarakhand: A Checklist

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2017-q70x8i ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 133-137

Author(s):

Mohit Kumar Singh ◽

◽

A.K. Tripathi ◽

V. Jeeva ◽

Sumer Chandra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Research Work ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Tall Grass ◽

Resistant Species ◽

The Given ◽

Support Research

Asan wetland is a man-made wetland located in Uttarakhand state. In the given study, efforts have been made to study the floristic diversity and species composition of the aquatic macrophyte in Asan wetland and provide a check list. Sixty seven species were recorded under 32 families being maximum in Cyperaceae followed by Poaceae and Asteraceae. Remaining families comprised either one or two species each. Among all the recorded species, monocots (54%) were dominated over dicots (42%) and remaining 4% comprised ferns. Herbaceous macrophytes were found growing abundantly (54%) which are followed in degree of prevalence by the grasses (21%), sedges (18%), shrubs (4%) and climbers (3%). In addition, this study also revealed that pollution resistant species like Bacopa monnieri, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria spiralis and Eichhornia crassipes along with tall grass species which grow in shallow water are spreading considerably that indicates an increasing pollution in the wetland. The present study will provide an important set of informations to support research work like limnological studies, productivity, conservation and management programs of this wetland.

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The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1967.0073 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 168 (1013) ◽

pp. 421-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Batch Culture ◽

Amino Acid Uptake ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Growth Yields ◽

Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

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Suitability of Macrophytes for Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Generation

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b1005.1292s219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2S2) ◽

pp. 16-18

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Aquatic Macrophytes ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Water Lettuce ◽

Before And After ◽

Almost All

In this paper three sustainable approaches are made in waste management option. Firstly primary treated domestic sewage is treated by aquatic macrophytes using duckweed, water hyacinth and water lettuce. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Phosphate, Nitrates are tested before and after. Result indicates in terms of water quality, almost all three plants shows same removal efficiencies. BOD and TSS removal efficiency is attained more than 95%. COD and TDS removal is reached upto 50% for almost all plants. Secondly the used aquatic macrophytes for wastewater treatment is again used for generation of biogas (water lettuce unit, duckweed unit, water lettuce unit). In addition to three aquatic macrophytes, sludge is collected from aquatic macrophyte unit for generation of biogas. Comparison is made with conventional cow dung biogas unit. Result indicates water lettuce and duckweed produce biogas at earlier stage itself and water hyacinth takes some time for starting of biogas production. This may be due to the structure and texture causes some time for decomposition. Sludge gives maximum biogas generation among all experimental setup. Also in this study cow dung did not give biogas more may be due to poor blend ratio of cow dung with water is one of the reason.

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Estudio demográfico del lirio acuático Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms: Dinámica de crecimiento en dos localidades selectas de México

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1300 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Martha S. Niño-Sulkowska ◽

Antonio Lot

Keyword(s):

Population Ecology ◽

Reproductive Behavior ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Modular Organization ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Diverse Environment

The amount of information concerning the water-hyacinth grew in an explosive way during recent years due to its potential damaging or benefic effect on the environment, nevertheless the study of the population ecology of this plant has been neglected till now. In particular, the behavior of clonal populations in natural conditions. As a contribution to the understanding of the factors that regulate the structure of populations of Eichhomia crassipes in relation with its modular organization, we describe here the growth dynamics of the plants in two selected water bodies of Mexico. In contrast with the fast growth shown by populations living in euthrophicated environments, the production of growth units (ramets) by the plants is strongly limitated by an ecologicaly diverse environment but the phenotipic plasticity increases mainly in the vegetative and reproductive behavior.

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PENGARUH JARAK TANAM PADA PENGGUNAAN METODE BUDIDAYA RAKIT TALI TERHADAP BERAT RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) DI DUSUN TOISAPU KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol2issue2page106-111 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

Etnah Garpenassy ◽

H Tuaputty

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Local Community ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Preparation Phase ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Planting Distance ◽

Cultivation Techniques ◽

Implementation Stage ◽

Eucheuma Cottonii

Background: Toisapu village is one of village in Ambon Island which have potential to develop seaweed. Prospects Seaweed cultivation is very beneficial if growth and quality can be developed as a base for the production of various purposes in the industrial world. However, cultivation techniques undertaken by the local community have not fully had good planting quality. Method: The study includes the preparation phase, the implementation stage, and the observation stage. The parameters measured were the growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed is weight in the form of gram, using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatment levels and 6 replications. Results: The results of this study show that at a distance of 30 cm seaweed growth experienced a better growth rate when compared with other growth spacing, with wet weight for 45 days was 218 grams. Conclusion: Plant spacing affects the weight of seaweed, a good planting distance for seaweed growth is 30 cm at sea ebb and sea level with average wet weight for 45 days (6 weeks) is 218 grams.

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Effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with Eichhornia crassipes on growth and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) juveniles

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i3.1019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1659-1662

Author(s):

M. R. Patel ◽

K. H. Vadher ◽

R. R. Mer ◽

K. G. Baraiya ◽

K. V. Tandel

Keyword(s):

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Equal Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Performance Indices ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Significant Difference

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of partial replacement of fish meal in the diet of Labeo rohita juveniles. In this experiment, the data pertaining to growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio of L. rohita at partial replacement of fishmeal with E. crassipes were evaluated. For that purpose fry of approximately equal weight (57.97mg Â± 1.25) were distributed in groups of 15 to each four aquaria at 0% (T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4) and 40% (T5) inclusion levels of aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes. Maximum mean weight gain (235.25 Â± 11.04 mg) was observed in T1 and minimum (165.06 Â± 10.93 mg) was observed in T5 at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments tested, the highest survival (89.99% Â± 1.93) was recorded in treatment T1 and minimum was found in T4 (79.99% Â± 2.72). Lowest FCR was recorded in treatment T3 (2.02 Â± 0.39) and highest was found in T5 (3.08 Â± 0.59). Higher SGR was observed in treatment T1 (297.15 Â± 18.78%) and minimum was observed in T5 (182.74 Â± 18.45%). The study revealed a decrease in the growth performance indices as the percentage of water hyacinth increases. In present study also there was not much difference in growth rate upto 20% incorporation of E. crassipes in the diet. Also, significant difference was observed among treatments with respect to feed utilization (P<0.05).

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