Biological treatment of leachates from hazardous waste landfills using SBBR technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dollerer ◽  
P. A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Hazardous Waste Landfills

Bench-scale experiments with two different types of fixed bed reactor have been conducted in order to investigate the potential of SBBr technology (Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor) for treatment of leachates from different hazardous waste landfills. Reactor A was equipped with a membrane oxygenatition system for bubble free transfer of oxygen into the bulk liquid. In constract, reactor B was bubble aerated. The process was found to be remarkably stable. An average DOC removal rate of 68% was achieved with a 12-hour cycle. The emission of biodegradable volatile organic substances was observed to be significantly reduced by using bubble free aeration system.

Evaluation of COD Removal Performance Based on Organic Acid Decomposition in an Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactor

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kuroda ◽  
Y. Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Biofilm Model

COD removal performance in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor(AAFBR), which treats soluble organic matter, was investigated theoretically by using a simplified biofilm model. The COD removal rate was assumed to be controlled by the decomposition rates of volatile fatty acids such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. The simplified biofilm model took into consideration the effects of intrabiofilm and interbiofilm substrate diffusion rates on substrate biodegradation rates. The COD removal rates in AAFBR were evaluated for various operating conditions by using known kinetic parameters. The calculated results show that the COD removal rates are not affected by adhered biomass provided that the bio-mass is more than about 4 mg-C/cm2, and vary with temperature, bulk liquid substrate concentrations and the bulk liquid flow rates which are in the range 0.01 ~ 1 m/hr. Relations between allowable COD loading rates and packing diameters were shown schematically for different bulk liquid flow rates.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

Degradation of chlorophenols by biofilms on semi-permeable membranes in two types of fixed bed reactors

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wobus ◽  
S. Ulrich ◽  
I. Röske
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Protozoan Community

Two identical fixed bed reactors containing gas-permeable tubings as carrier material were compared for the elimination of chlorophenols. Under plug flow conditions, the continuous flow operation resulted in a stratification of biomass due to concentration gradients. To achieve a homogeneous colonization, the sequencing batch mode has been applicated to one biofilm reactor (Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor - SBBR). Concentration gradients after filling, probably due to sorption phenomena, caused an uneven distribution of biomass in the SBBR. However, the colonization of the SBBR was more homogeneous as compared to the continuously operated reactor (CFBR). As to the elimination of a trichlorophenol (2,4,5-trichlorophenol - TCP), no significant differences between the SBBR and the CFBR were observed with regard to its sensitivity against load surges. It is to be supposed that sorption to the biofilm was included in the elimination of chlorophenols. A higher diversity of protozoan community and meiofauna is obviously to be attributed to continuous flow.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

A new device to select carriers for biomass immobilization and application in an aerobic/anaerobic fixed-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2666-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sarti ◽  
A. W. Lamon ◽  
A. Ono ◽  
E. Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Device ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

This study proposes a new approach to selecting a biofilm carrier for immobilization using dissolved oxygen (DO) microsensors to measure the thickness of aerobic and anaerobic layers in biofilm. The biofilm carriers tested were polyurethane foam, mineral coal (MC), basaltic gravel, and low-density polyethylene. Development of layers in the biofilm carrier surface was evaluated using a flow cell device, and DO profiles were conducted to determine the size of the layers (aerobic and anaerobic). MC was the biofilm carrier selected due to allowing the development of larger aerobic and anaerobic layers in the biofilm (896 and 1,058 μm, respectively). This ability is supposed to improve simultaneous nitrogen removal by nitrification and denitrification biological processes. Thus, as a biofilm carrier, MC was used in a fixed-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor (FB-SBBR) for treatment of wastewater with a high ammonia concentration (100–400 mgNH4+-N L−1). The FB-SBBR (15.0 L) was filled with matrices of the carrier and operated under alternating aeration and non-aeration periods of 6 h each. At a mean nitrogen loading rate of 0.55 ± 0.10 kgNH4+-N m−3 d−1, the reactor attained a mean nitrification efficiency of 95 ± 9% with nitrite as the main product (aerobic period). Mean denitrification efficiency during the anoxic period was 72 ± 13%.

scholarly journals Gas-phase elemental mercury removal by nano-ceramic material

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 184798041989975
Author(s):  
Tao Zhu ◽  
Weidong Jing ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Bian ◽  
Yiwei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Mercury Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The nano-ceramic which is mesoporous silica material was applied to test the removal efficiency of gas-phase Hg0 using a fixed-bed reactor. The physical and chemical properties of nano-ceramic were investigated by various techniques such as BET surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM); then, the sample was tested for mercury adsorption under different conditions. The mercury adsorption tests shown that different Hg0 concentration, adsorption temperature, gas flow rate, and different gas components have significant effects on the mercury removal performance of nano-ceramic, and the adsorption removal rate of nano-ceramic can be 75.58% under the optimal experimental conditions. After fitting the experimental data to the adsorption model, it was found that the theoretical maximum mercury adsorption amount q max of nano-ceramic is 1.61 mg g−1 and there were physical and chemical adsorption at the same time. The adsorption kinetics fitting results shown that the adsorption process of nano-ceramic exhibits multi-segment characteristics of “transmembrane–diffusion–adsorption.”

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and NH4+-N influent concentration on the nitrogen removal effect of luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03033
Author(s):  
Yafeng Li ◽  
Jianbo Wu ◽  
Yuemeng Bai ◽  
Ning Feng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

In order to improve the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal, the experiment used the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier sequencing batch biofilm reactor to treat domestic sewage, and it studied the temperature on the removal effect of TN in the sewage in the reactor and the changes of various types of nitrogen. The results showed that the TN treatment rate of the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR reached the peak at 30 °C, the removal rate was 82.25%, indicating that the luffa cylindrical sponge carrier SBBR is very suitable for the removal of nitrogen from domestic sewage.

Hydrolysis and degradation of filtrated organic particulates in a biofilm reactor under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
K. Mesterton ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Aerobic Degradation

Two experiments were performed in order to investigate the anoxic and the aerobic degradation of filtrated organic matter in a biofilter. In submerged lab. scale reactors with Biocarbone media as filter material, accumulated particulate organic matter from pre-settled wastewater served as the only carbon source for anoxic and aerobic degradation respectively. In order to utilise the accumulated organic matter, the bacteria in the biofilm had to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes for the hydrolysis process. In the first experiment with anoxic degradation, a significant denitrification occurred. The maximum nitrate removal rate, with particulate organic matter as carbon source, was found to 1 g NO3-N/ (m2d), declining exponentially as rA.NO3-N = 1.04 e −4t g NO3-N/(m2d) (t = days). A significant release of soluble organic matter (< 0.45 μm) and production of inorganic carbon to the bulk liquid was observed as an indication of hydrolysis taking place. The second experiment was designed as a series of on-line OUR batch experiments in a biofilm reactor with recirculation, in order to investigate further the degradation of particulate organic matter. After the biofilm had been starved in order to remove the original organic matter, particulate organic matter was added and the degradation kinetics recorded. The initial removal rate was high, rA.02 = 2.1 g O2/(m2d) though fast declining towards endogenous respiration. The respiration ratio between removed oxygen and produced carbon dioxide was declining from 1.3 to 1.0 g O2/g CO2 during the degradation of organic particulates. The respiration ratio during endogenous respiration was determined to be 0.7 g O2/g CO2 indicating a thorough mineralisation of biomass.

Treatment of photographic processing wastewater using anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactor

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Hirata ◽  
Haeng-Seog Lee ◽  
Satoshi Tsuneda ◽  
Tomotake Takai
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Bod Removal

Two types of anaerobic-aerobic biofilm processes were applied to the treatment of the photographic processing wastewater. Two-phase fixed bed reactor packed with sponge cubic media and completely mixing three-phase fluidized bed reactor, respectively, were used as an anaerobic and aerobic biofilm reactors. One of the aerobic biofilm reactors was packed with cement balls (CB) made by crushed cement particles, and another packed with biological activated carbon (BAC). The fivefold diluted photographic processing wastewater, from which Ag had been removed previously, was used as an influent (BOD 5,700 g/m3, CODcr 17,000 g/m3, T-N 2,600 g/m3). During long-term continuous biological treatment, BOD values in effluent decreased gradually and reached 280 g/m3, which could fulfill the sewage discharge control value in Japan (BOD < 600 g/m3). It took more than one year to acclimatize the sludge and to get the effective microorganisms for degrading the compounds in the photographic processing wastewater. However, pH values in the aerobic biofilm reactors fell down to 3∼4. This was possibly because thiosulfate (5,700 g/m3) in the photographic processing wastewater was almost oxidized to sulfate by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. For the purpose of obtaining higher BOD removal efficiency, pH in the aerobic biofilm reactor was adjusted to 7 using pH controller. As a result, BOD removal ratio was gradually improved, and the sewage discharge control value was steadily achieved after 181 days. The number of bacteria in the anaerobic biofilm reactor and the aerobic biofilm reactor with pH controller were 6.0×109 N/mL and 1.1×108 N/mL, respectively.

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