The importance of pre-reservoirs for the control of eutrophication of reservoirs

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Pütz ◽  
Jürgen Benndorf

Pre-reservoirs are small reservoirs, with a water-retention time of a few days, that reduce the phosphorus input in main reservoirs. The process of phosphorus removal involves the biochemical conversion from the dissolved to the particulate form (mainly phytoplankton) and the sedimentation of this particulate matter. The input variables are light, orthophosphate concentration, temperature of the inflowing water and discharge. The phytoplankton activity plays the most important role among the various processes. The maximization of orthophosphate elimination depends on adequate design, construction and operation of pre-reservoirs. A simple calculation procedure for the removal rates of orthophosphate-P has been developed. The efficiency of pre-reservoirs is limited, because the light intensity and the temperature during the winter period are low; on the other hand, discharge is often high in March and April (snowmelt). Although pre-reservoirs are an important tool for reservoir water-quality management, but they cannot substitute remedial action in the catchment area.

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Arve M. Tvede

The reservoir Sundsbarmvatn, in Southern Norway, is used for electricity production from November to May. Sundsbarmvatn has two main basins. Water from the upper basin, Mannerosfjorden, flows into the lower basin, Gullnesfjorden. The two basins are separated by a narrow sound with a sill. The regulation interval for Sundsbarmvatn is 612-574 m a.s.l., but the sill prevents Mannerosfjorden from being lowered below 580 m a.s.l. The water intake in Gullnesfjorden is 571 m a.s.l. The water temperature conditions has been studied during two winters when the reservoir water was released. This study shows that a marked thermocline was gradually developed at the depth of withdrawal in Gullnesfjorden. In the epilimnion layer the temperature is gradually lowered through the winter, but in the hypolimnion layer the temperature seems to stay constant through the winter. In Mannerosfjorden, however, we find no clear thermocline at the end of the winter. The remaining water was relatively warm with temperatures mainly above 3 °C. The sill between the two basins seems to have a strong influence on which depth the water is flowing out of Mannerosfjorden and hence on the temperature and circulation pattern in Gullnesfjorden. At the end of the winter season this flow is strengthening and initiates a homogeneous flow layer in Gullnesfjorden. This layer is dipping downwards towards the outlet tunnel. For this reason the temperature of the water leaving the power station is 0.4-1.2 °C colder than the hypolimnion temperature in the reservoir at the tunnel depth.


Author(s):  
Karla Lorrane de Oliveira ◽  
Ramatisa Ladeia Ramos ◽  
Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira ◽  
Cristiano Christofaro

Abstract The water spatio-temporal variability of the Irapé Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir and its main tributaries was evaluated by analysing the temporal trend of the main parameters and applying the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), considering data from 2008 to 2018. This reservoir is in Minas Gerais, Brazil, covering an area of approximately 142 km2, across seven municipalities. The dissolved iron (DFe) presented the highest percentage of standard violations (31.7% to 80.5%), with most frequencies being verified in the reservoir tributaries. The Mann–Kendall test indicated that the monitoring stations showed an increasing trend of 78.5% N–NH4+ and 64.1% DFe. During the evaluated period, the reservoir waters were classified as excellent (1.2%), good (61.3%), acceptable (29.5%), and poor (8.0%) according to the WQI for the proposed use. The poorest quality classes were more frequent in the tributaries, especially in the year 2009. The WQI seasonal assessment indicated a worsening during the rainy period in 57% of the stations, as a result of external material transport to the water bodies. The CCME WQI, in conjunction with temporal statistical analysis, contributed to the monitoring data interpretation, generating important information for reservoir water quality management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Diana R. U. S. Rahayu ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Tri R. Soeprobowati

Wadaslintang Reservoir has potential as a source of raw water for drinking water. One indicator to determine water quality is to use coliform bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine the water quality of the Wadaslintang Reservoir as a source of drinking water based on microbiological parameters by referring to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control. The water sampling method is based on purposive sampling at ten research stations for eight months, microbiological analysis using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The results showed that the status of the Wadaslintang Reservoir was polluted based on total coliform criteria. Utilization of reservoir water as raw water for drinking water needs to be done further processing to anticipate deterioration in health.


Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebing Chen ◽  
Shenglian Guo ◽  
Shaokun He ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yixuan Zhong ◽  
...  

The controlled outflows from a reservoir are highly dependent on the decisions made by the reservoir operators who mainly rely on available hydrologic information, such as past outflows, reservoir water level and forecasted inflows. In this study, Random Forests (RF) algorithm is used to build reservoir outflow simulation model to evaluate the value of hydrologic information. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is selected as a case study. As input variables of the model, the classic hydrologic information is divided into past, current and future information. Several different simulation models are established based on the combinations of these three groups of information. The influences and value of hydrologic information on reservoir outflow decision-making are evaluated from two different perspectives, the one is the simulation result of different models and the other is the importance ranking of the input variables in RF algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to reasonably simulate outflow decisions of TGR. It is shown that past outflow is the most important information and the forecasted inflows are more important in the flood season than in the non-flood season for reservoir operation decision-making.


1990 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr C. Araújo Filho ◽  
JoséAntonio O. De Jesus ◽  
Joel Meyer Branski ◽  
Júlio Alejandro Macari Hernandez

Author(s):  
Л.М. Корчан ◽  
П.В. Писаренко ◽  
М.І. Корчан

         Мета статті – створення більш дешевого і ефективного способу знезараження гною тварин, забезпечення  скорочення термінів знезараження гною і покращання якості отриманого з нього добрива. Методика дослідження. В експериментальних дослідженнях закладено дослідні штабелі твердого підстилкового гною великої рогатої худоби і кіз, які пошарово обробляли в різних співвідношеннях до гною йодобромною мінералізованою пластовою водою (далі МПВ) Решетняківського родовища. Контрольні штабелі гною не обробляли МПВ.Через кожні 15 днів після закладання штабелів від них відбиралися проби гною для вивчення процесу його знезараження від бактеріальних і інвазійних збудників. Результати дослідження. Результати проведених мікробіологічних і гельмінтологічних досліджень показали повне знезараження гною від патогенної мікрофлори, яєць і личинок гельмінтів на 30–45 день у літній і 60–90 день у зимовий період року в дослідних штабелях гною після пошарової обробки його МПВ в об’ємних співвідношеннях 50 л/м3 гною. В контрольних штабелях гній залишався не знезаражений протягом усього періоду спостереження. Було також доведено, що після обробки штабелів гною МПВ відмічається істотне збільшення в ньому органічної речовини і поживних елементів: азоту загального, азоту аміачного фосфору і калію. Елементи наукової новизни. Запропонований спосіб знезараження гною і отримання з нього  високоякісного добрива включає додавання активного компоненту для прискорення процесу біотермічного знезараження гною тварин шляхом пошарової обробки його природнім мінералом – йодобромною мінералізованою пластовою водою. Практична значущість. Запропонований спосіб знезараження гною і отримання з нього високоякісного добрива є дешевим, ефективним, дозволяє прискорити процес  біотермічного знезараження гною тварин, істотно знизити забруднення навколишнього середовища і може бути використаний як засіб підвищення поживності органічних добрив. Значно посилює практичний інтерес до МПВ і той факт, що запаси цього природного мінералу в Україні не обмежені. The purpose of the article is to create a cheaper and more effective method of decontaminating animal manure, to reduce the time of manure treatment, and to improve the quality of fertilizers obtained from it. Research methods. In our experimental research the stacks of cattle and goat solid litter manure were set and then treated in layers with various ratios of  iodine-bromine mineralized reservoir water (hereinafter referred as the MRW) of the Reshetniaky deposit. Control stacks of manure were not treated by MRW. Every 15 days after stacking, manure samples were taken to study the process of manure decontamination from bacterial and invasive pathogens. The research results. The results of the conducted microbiological and helminthological studies showed complete decontamination of manure from pathogenic micro-flora, eggs and larvae of helminthes on the 30-45th day in the summer and 60-90th day in the winter period of the year in experimental manure stacks after its layered treatment by MRW in volumetric ratios of 50 liters/m3 of manure. In control stacks, manure remained not decontaminated throughout the observation period. It was also proved that after treating manure with MRW there is a significant increase of organic matter and nutrient elements in it: total nitrogen, nitrogen of ammonium phosphorus and potassium. The elements of scientific novelty. The offered method of decontaminating manure and obtaining high quality fertilizer from involves the addition of an active component to accelerate the process of animal manure bio-thermal decontamination by layer treating it with natural mineral – iodine-bromine mineralized reservoir water. Practical significance. The offered method of decontaminating manure receiving a high quality fertilizer from it is cheap, efficient, and enables to accelerate the process of bio-thermic decontamination of animal manure, significantly reduce environmental pollution and it can be used as a means of increasing the nutrient effectiveness of organic fertilizers. The fact that the reserves of this natural mineral in Ukraine are unlimited significantly increases the practical interest in MRW.


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