Southern Water faces the small works challenge

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rowland ◽  
R. Strongman
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
A Company ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Whole Life Cost

Southern Water (a ScottishPower company) has 392 wastewater treatment works, 242 of which serve small communities with populations of less than 2000. Continuing pressures to improve effluent quality coupled with expectations of improved efficiency, and increased demand for resources for major capital schemes prompted Southern Water to take a more holistic approach to improvements and operation of its small treatment works. Operational costs (OPEX) were analysed for individual works enabling identification of target costs of operation (£/pe), opportunities for efficiency savings and investment priorities. A Company approach to investment in small works was produced which included development of a model to identify whether rationalisation (diverting the flows to an adjacent WTW and closing the site) was an economic option, and a Design Standard to simplify decision-making and process engineering for works refurbishment or replacement. The Design Standard focused on delivering low “whole-life-cost” solutions using simple and robust processes that require minimal operator involvement and ensure compliance with discharge consent standards. Southern Water is steadily reaping the benefits from its structured approach to ensuring compliance and cost-effective operation of its small works.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

Two-stage chemical-biological treatment at Thessaloniki greater area WWTP - experiences and potentials

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Andreadakis ◽  
G. H. Kristensen ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
C. Oikonomopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
The City

The wastewater from the city of Thessaloniki is discharged without treatment to the nearby inner part of the Thessaloniki Gulf. The existing, since 1989, treatment plant offers only primary treatment and did not operate since the expected effluent quality is not suitable for safe disposal to the available recipients. Upgrading of the plant for advanced biological treatment, including seasonal nitrogen removal, is due from 1995. In the mean time, after minor modifications completed in February 1992, the existing plant was put into operation as a two-stage chemical-biological treatment plant for 40 000 m3 d−1, which corresponds to about 35% of the total sewage flow. The operational results obtained during the two years operation period are presented and evaluated. All sewage and sludge treatment units of the plant perform better than expected, with the exception of the poor sludge settling characteristics, due to severe and persistent bulking caused by excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms, particularly M. Parvicella. Effective control of the bulking problem could lead to more cost-effective operation and increased influent flows.

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dor ◽  
N. Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

scholarly journals Simple, cost-effective technique for portable digital eletrocorticography

2000 ◽  
Vol 58 (2B) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULO R. M. DE BITTENCOURT ◽  
MARCOS C. SANDMANN ◽  
MARLUS S. MORO ◽  
JOÃO C. DE ARAÚJO
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

We revised 16 patients submitted to epilepsy surgery using a new method of digital, real-time, portable electrocorticography. Patients were operated upon over a period of 28 months. There were no complications. The exam was useful in 13 cases. The low installation and operational costs, the reliability and simplicity of the method, indicate it may be useful for defining the epileptogenic regions in a variety of circumnstances, including surgery for tumors, vascular malformations, and other cortical lesions associated with seizure disorders.

Supplier management by distributing orders among new and existing suppliers: the methodology and its application to a fast fashion company

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Acar Alagoz ◽  
Murat Caner Testik ◽  
Derya Dinler
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Supplier Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Company ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThis study aims to create a reliable, collaborative and sustainable business environment with suppliers of a company for providing high-quality and low-cost products on time. A supplier management system that sustains existing suppliers by sharing work based on systematic performance evaluation while developing the supplier base with potential suppliers is proposed.Design/methodology/approachBuilt on quantitative approaches, supplier management functions are integrated in the designed system. A quantitative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is adapted for evaluating potential suppliers. A multi-objective integer linear programming (ILP) model is developed for the distribution of orders among selected potential and existing suppliers. A performance evaluation scheme based on an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) is proposed to evaluate and monitor suppliers' performance over time.FindingsProposed system develops a supplier base by methodically selecting and approving new suppliers, and a sustainable relationship with both new and existing suppliers is established based on performance over time. Decisions on retaining or removing suppliers from the base are objectively made by quantitative evaluations. Orders are fairly distributed among suppliers under the constraints imposed by the management. Dependence on a certain set of suppliers and its associated risks are reduced while agility in offering goods is enabled.Originality/valueBusiness processes for selecting new suppliers, distributing orders among all suppliers, evaluating and monitoring performance over time are quantitatively integrated to add value in operational decision-making. The proposed system is original in the holistic approach for managing and sustaining multiple suppliers of a company based on performance.

Minimization of Energy Using Heuristic Resource Allocation and Migration for Cloud Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Manjunatha S. ◽  
Suresh L.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Cloud Computing Service ◽  
And Migration

Data center is a cost-effective infrastructure for storing large volumes of data and hosting large-scale service applications. Cloud computing service providers are rapidly deploying data centers across the world with a huge number of servers and switches. These data centers consume significant amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs. Thus, optimizing the energy consumption of servers and networks in data centers can reduce operational costs. In a data center, power consumption is mainly due to servers, networking devices, and cooling systems, and an effective energy-saving strategy is to consolidate the computation and communication into a smaller number of servers and network devices and then power off as many unneeded servers and network devices as possible.

Tantawan Sludge Management: Holistic Approach Introducing New Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woraphat Pongpitukkul ◽  
Thotsaphon Chaianansutcharit ◽  
Suppakit Learduchasai ◽  
Thunyarak Suankaew ◽  
Satiraporn Sirisampan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Sludge Management

Abstract Following Tantawan field suspension of production, considerable volume of contaminated crude (high level of mercury and arsenic content) remains on board in Tantawan FPSO. These volumes are deemed as waste hydrocarbon sludge that hold no commercial value and must be urgently removed from the vessel as per safety requirements to maintain the vessel class and certification, according to Tantawan FPSO integrity condition. After review of many alternatives, offshore subsurface disposal initiative is the safest and most cost-effective means for disposal. Since subsurface disposal of such waste, highly mercury and arsenic contaminated crude, has never been performed in the Gulf of Thailand, several aspects need to be considered from technical and environmental perspective and public sector concerns. A cross functional team of Reservoir Engineer, Geologist, Facilities Engineer, Health and Safety, Policy, Government and Public Affair and commercial advisor, has co-devised a holistic waste management plan to inject waste into Tantawan reservoirs after obtaining required approvals by the government. Many challenges including limitation of the FPSO pumping system, sludge properties and seasonal increment weather, were encountered during the execution phase and many remedial actions were taken to mitigate their impact. Cross functional team initiatives on heater installation, adjusting injection procedure, and additional disposal well approval helped address project challenges. Entire volume of sludge was safely injected to subsurface reservoirs with cost effective operation. The success of this offshore injection process has reduced the cost to less than 10% compared to onshore disposal option to asset joint venture. The results set a new standard for Thailand petroleum waste management policy. Following this success, decommissioning of all remaining of Tantawan field are progressing as scheduled. This paper will outline the holistic approach of hydrocarbon sludge management process including the subsurface injection identifcation, stakeholder engagement, environmental impact assessment and execution challenges. Lessons learned from this paper would help other offshore operators to effectively manage hydrocarbon sludge, which demonstrate how the oil and gas industry plays a vital role in protecting the environment.

Tailorable Technologies for Improving Business Intelligence Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 560-575
Author(s):  
Shah J. Miah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Business Intelligence Systems ◽  
Effective Operation

The Australian farm-based businesses can be benefited from specially designed applications for cost-effective operation while maximizing profits to survive in economic and environmental crises. For decision support, existing business intelligence systems (BIS) approaches scarcely deal with specific user's provisions to adjust changing situations in decision making, without extra technical exertions. In this chapter, the authors describe a conceptual framework of tailorable BIS solution that is based on case study findings in that the highlighted requirements are relevant to address changing situations through enhancing end user's engagement. The activities of end user's engagement supported through the use of tailorable features that reinforce a shift from the traditional BIS process to a new provision where business owners can actively involve in adjusting their features to their decision support.

Constipation in adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
Mohamed Baguneid ◽  
Arnab Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Rome Criteria ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Careful History

Constipation is often a multifactorial condition and requires careful history and examination. Definition is according to the Rome criteria. A holistic approach is required with attention to diet, lifestyle, and patient education, as well as laxative treatment. The latest medical treatments including prucalopride and lubiprostone are discussed with specific indications. Few patients will require formal investigation, but those who do need a structured approach which is covered in this chapter.

Innovative biological treatment for sustainable development in the chemical industries

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wesley Eckenfelder ◽  
A. J. Englande
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate

This paper presents a perspective of wastewater management in the chemical industries as related to sustainable development. The scope of wastewater management must therefore further be expanded to include the concept of ecological integrity of receiving waters. Ecological integrity of receiving waters is compromised by contaminants which are not effectively removed by Best Conventional Technology (BCT). Biological treatment typically offers the most cost-effective conversion and/or stabilization of wastewaters; however, modifications must be employed in the design and operation to provide satisfactory effluent quality. Enhanced treatment techniques for wastewaters containing high organic concentrations, VOCs, elevated TDS levels, toxics and priority pollutants are discussed. The importance of design and operational procedures including pretreatment technologies, two stage vs. single stage activated sludge, selector design and maximum specific oxygen uptake rate determinations are also presented.

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