Removal of ammonium from human urine through ion exchange with clinoptilolite and its recovery for further reuse

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Beler-Baykal ◽  
S. Bayram ◽  
E. Akkaymak ◽  
S. Cinar
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Elution ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Ammonium, from separately collected human urine, had been removed through transfer onto the ammonium selective natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, through ion exchange. In the subsequent treatment steps of washing with tap water, ammonium removed from urine was eluted from the surface of the clinoptilolite to be recovered for further reuse. Different quantities of clinoptilolite were used for a survey of the capacity of the zeolite for the process and to identify removal efficiencies based on initial ammonium loads. The highest surface concentration attained under experimental conditions employed was 15.44 mg ammonium per gram of clinoptilolite for an initial concentration of 110 mg ammonia per litre, and the highest removal was 98%, obtained for a loading of 1 mg ammonium per gram clinoptilolite. In the subsequent elution process, better removals were observed as pH was increased and the highest removal was attained at pH 13. The recovery was calculated as 9.73 mg ammonium per gram of clinoptilolite, corresponding to an efficiency of 63% only through washing with tap water. The results have given positive indications for the possibility of using ion exchange with clinoptilolite for the removal of ammonium from human urine and an incentive for improving methods of elution for its recovery for further reuse.

Adsorption and Preconcentration Capabilities of Nano-Barium-Strontium Titanate Powder Coated by Dithizone for Trace Bismuth

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3504-3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Strontium Titanate ◽  
Barium Strontium Titanate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Barium Strontium

A new method for the adsorption and preconcentration of bismuth in urine was described. The methodology combines determined using a hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) with pre-concentration and separation of the bismuth on the nano-barium-strontium titanate powder coated by dithizone (BST-dithizone). The experimental conditions for the pre-concentration and separation of the bismuth, including pH value of the medium, shaking time, eluent condition and co-existing ions have been investigated. The result showed that the bismuth in urine could be adsorbed on the BST-dithizone. The adsorption percentage was affected by the pH value of medium and shaking time. In the medium of pH 6.0, the adsorption capacity of BST-dithizone to bismuth (III) was 13.4 mg·g-1 when the shaking time was 10 min. The bismuth adsorbed on the BST-dithizone could be completely eluated by 2 mol·L-1 HNO3. The enrichment factor was 100. The detection limit of bismuth (III) was 5.1 ng·L−1.The method has been applied to the pre-concentration and separation of bismuth in the human urine and tap water with satisfied results.

ION Exchange Characterisation of Modified Zeolite

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2269-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š Cerjan-Stefanovic ◽  
M. Kaštelan-Macan ◽  
T. Filipan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Isomorphous Substitution ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Water Drinking

Isomorphous substitution of phosphorus into a natural zeolite affords the possibility to change the overall framework charge from negative to positive. The substances so created should be used for purification of waste waters. The work describes the preparation of phosphated zeolite, their characterisation and examples of their anion exchange of NO3 on observed in deionized water, drinking water and in the solution containing varying amounts of nitrate.

Effect of external organic matter on nutrient removal and growth of Phragmites australis in a laboratory-scale subsurface-flow treatment wetland

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Karunarathna ◽  
N. Tanaka ◽  
K.B.S.N. Jinadasa
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
The Difference

Coconut dust, which is used intensively in horticultural applications, was tested as an external organic additive in a series of laboratory-scale subsurface-flow constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis. The systems were fed with a mixture of NO−3-N, NH+4-N, and SRP in tap water to simulate high nutrient loads. In the absence of plants, TN removal efficiency was 66%, and the efficiency increased to >80% in the microcosm wetlands. TN and NO−3 removal efficiencies were marginally increased by coconut-dust treatment in comparison with sand-bed microcosms. Analysis by ANOVA showed that the TN removal from a coconut dust-supplemented sand-bed microcosm was significantly different from a sand-bed microcosm (0.0437 < p<0.05). All the systems showed an equal capacity to treat NH+4 nitrogen under low influent concentration levels. Phosphorus removal efficiencies were >98% in all three systems, and a difference between planted and unplanted systems was not observed. Shoot height and shoot densities of P. australis grown in the coconut dust-supplemented medium were significantly higher than those grown in the sand-bed medium. The difference in P. australis growth in response to the coconut dust addition revealed that the added material has the potential to create favourable conditions for plant growth.

Treatment of taste and odor material by oxidation and adsorption

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Jung ◽  
K.-H. Baek ◽  
M.-J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Lab Test

Massive blooms of blue-green algae in reservoirs produce the musty-earthy taste and odor, which are caused by compounds such as 2-MIB and geosmin. 2-MIB and geosmin are rarely removed by conventional water treatment. Their presence in the drinking water, even at low levels (ng/L), can be detected and it creates consumer complaints. So those concentrations have to be controlled as low as possible in the drinking water. The removals by oxidation (O3, Cl2, ClO2) and adsorption (PAC, filter/adsorber) were studied at laboratory and pilot plant (50 m3/d) to select suitable 2-MIB and geosmin treatment processes. The following conclusions were derived from the study. Both of the threshold odor levels for 2-MIB and geosmin appeared to be 30 ng/L as a consequence of a lab test. For any given PAC dosage in a jar-test, removal efficiencies of 2-MIB and geosmin were increased in proportion to PAC dosage and were independent of their initial concentration in raw water for the tested PAC dosages. In comparison of geosmin with 2-MIB, the adsorption efficiency of geosmin by PAC was superior to that of 2-MIB. The required PAC dosages to control below the threshold odor level were 30 mg /L for geosmin and 50 mg/L for 2-MIB at 100 ng/L of initial concentration. Removal efficiencies of odor materials by Cl2, ClO2, and O3 were very weak under the limited dosage (1.5 mg/L), however increased ozone dosage (3.8 mg O3/L) showed high removal efficiency (84.8% for 2-MIB) at contact time 6.4 minutes. According to the initial concentrations of 2-MIB and geosmin, their removal efficiencies by filter/adsorber differed from 25.7% to 88.4%. For all those, however, remaining concentrations of target materials in finished waters were maintained below 30 ng/L. The longer run-time given for the filter/adsorber, the higher the effluent concentration generated. So it is necessary that the run-time of the filter/adsorber be decreased, when 2-MIB or geosmin occurs in raw water.

scholarly journals Reaction of Ion Exchange Resins with Fenton’s Reagent

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro de Araujo ◽  
Júlio Marumo
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Axial Compressive Strength ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Two Parameters

One of the most common treatment methods for spent ion exchange resins is their immobilization in cement, which reduces the release of radionuclides into the environment. Although this method is efficient, it considerably increases the final volume of the waste due to its low incorporation capacity. This work aims to evaluate the degradation of ion exchange resins by the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+). The resin evaluated was a mixture of cationic and anionic resins, both non-radioactive. The reactions were conducted by varying the catalyst concentration (25, 50, 100, and 150 mmol L−1) and the volume of hydrogen peroxide. Three different temperatures were evaluated by varying the flow of reactants, which were 50, 60, and 70 °C. Cement specimens were prepared from the treated solutions and two parameters were assessed—namely, final setting time and axial compressive strength. The results showed that the experimental conditions were suitable to dissolve the resins, and the Fe3+ produced as precipitate during the experiments increased the resistance of the final product. The immobilized product complied with the limits established by regulation.

scholarly journals MODIFYING WASTE POLYSTYRENE TO ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL: OPTIMIZING THE SULFONATION PROCESS AND COLUMN STUDY FOR THE REMOVAL OF Cr3+

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5A) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Thuy Thi Pham ◽  
Hung Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Khai Manh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameter ◽  
Waste Polystyrene ◽  
Exchange Material

The incredible growth of plastic waste is a major concern for the whole society in recent years. The accumulation of plastic waste has badly effects on wildlife, habitat, and humans. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into different sizes, from micro to macro. Disposable plastic waste was collected at the bakery shop and removed the residue food by tap water and NaOH 1M to remove residual food. This study focuses on modify waste plastic by sulfuric acid to bind the sulfonated function group on the structure of the polystyrene chain at room temperature. The sulfonated product was used for removing heavy metal ion in water with the mechanism of the ion exchange process. The prepared ion exchange material was characterized by FTIR and SEM to ensure that the sulfonation process has happened. The chromium (III) ion removal by modified ion exchange product in continuous mode was affected by an operational parameter such as the bed height of sulfonated material. The Yoon-Nelson and Thomas model were used to analyze the experimental result and the model parameters were evaluated. From this result, it can be concluded that with the increasing amount of sulfonated waste polystyrene, exchange capacity, and the time required for a 50% adsorbate breakthrough was higher.

scholarly journals Characterization and Modification of Natural Zeolite and Its Cracking Properties on Petroleum Fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mukhamad Nurhadi ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
M Utoro Yahya ◽  
Bambang Setiaji
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Petroleum Fraction ◽  
Ammonia Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy

Preparation of natural zeolite catalyst consist of dealumination using acid (HF 1% (v/v), HCI 1M), steaming at calcination temperature and both treatments ware carried out. The modification of the zeolite catalyst was done by loading a small amount of chromium (3% b/b) on the zeolite by ion exchange method. Ion exchange was processed by immersing the zeolite in 0.115 M chromium nitrate solution, followed by oxidation with oxygen gas and reduction by hydrogen gas. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by mean of Si/AI ratio, acidity, metal contents (Na, K, Ca, Fe and Cr) and surface area including pore size distribution were determined by gravimetric method, ammonia adsorption, Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and nitrogen gas sorption analyzer (NOVA-1000), respectively. The result of characterization showed that dealumination process increased the Si/AI ratio, acidity and decreased the metal content. The result of cracking process showed that modification of the natural zeolite catalyst enhanced the catalysis property, it showed relatively high cracking activity of petroleum fraction and low kokass formation.

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE IONS ON RED SLUDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Kramer ◽  
Mariya V. Terekhova ◽  
Inna V. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Frumkin’S Isotherm ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Red Sludge

In work the possibility of red sludge (waste of aluminum production by Bayer's method) to adsorb phosphate ions from water solutions at various concentration of ions and in the pH range from 3 to 10 is studied. Relevance of use of red sludge for receiving on its basis of sorbents is reasoned. For identification of the studied object the qualitative and quantitative composition of red sludge was established by the method of the X-ray phase analysis. The technique of red slage activation by hydrochloric acid, and also an adsorption technique of phosphate ions on the red sludge surface is described. Experimental studies of adsorption of phosphate ions on the surface of the red slage activated by hydrochloric acid depending on рН and concentration of initial solution were conducted. The dependence of adsorption phosphate ions on the red slage activated by НСl on рН and on the initial concentration of phosphate ions in solution is presented. These dependences of a relative fraction of distribution of various ions of phosphoric acid on рН are given in work. The form of ion phosphate having the greatest adsorptive activity on the red slage activated by hydrochloric acid in experimental conditions is revealed. Experimental data on dependence of adsorption of phosphate ions on their initial concentration in solution are described by Frumkin's isotherm. The constant of the adsorptive balance, limit adsorption, the parameter of intermolecular interaction of the adsorbed particles are calculated. Optimum conditions for adsorption of phosphate ions on red slage are established.Forcitation:Kramer S.M., Terekhova M.V., Artamonova I.V. Adsorption of phosphate ions on red sludge. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 80-83.

Use of ion-exchange resins for the determination of N1-methylnicotinamide in human urine

1965 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Vivian ◽  
May S. Reynolds ◽  
J.M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins
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