Implications for physical design: the effect of depth on the performance of waste stabilization ponds

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Pearson ◽  
S.T. Silva Athayde ◽  
G.B. Athayde ◽  
S.A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
H2s Production ◽  
Final Effluent

Studies on experimental primary facultative ponds showed that varying the depth from 1.25 m to 2.3 m had no effect on the rates of BOD removal. In contrast k values for FC removal rates were higher in the shallower (1.25 m) facultative ponds. The risk of odour release via H2S production was higher in the 2.2 m ponds than the 1.25 m ponds and NH3 removal was much better in the 1.25 m facultative ponds. A comparison of the efficiency of shallow 5-pond series (1.0 m and 0.61 m deep) with a 2.2 m deep series showed that the shallow systems were more efficient at FC removal, but the deeper series actually saved land area for the same FC final effluent quality under tropical conditions. However, efficient nutrient removal (N and P) only occurred in the shallow series and effluent standards for nutrient concentrations are unlikely to be met by 2.2 m deep 5-pond series in contrast to the norms for pathogen removal.

Waste Stabilization Ponds in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394
Author(s):  
G. L. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Grand Cayman ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Final Effluent

The experience of pond performance in Grand Cayman is described. Monitoring of the system indicates that over the two years since commissioning the performance and final effluent quality have changed. This paper intends to address the contributing factors that might have caused these changes.

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Domestic Wastewater Using Vertical Aerated Limestone Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Rafidah binti Hamdan ◽  
Izzati Izwani Ibrahim ◽  
Ain Nabila Abdul Talib
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Final Effluent

Nitrogen is a naturally occurring element that is essential for growth and reproduction in both plants and animals. Excessive concentrations in the water body can cause excessive growth of algae and other plants, leading to accelerate eutrophication of lakes, and occasional depletion of dissolved oxygen. To remove nitrogen conventionally from domestic wastewater requires a high cost technology due to consumption of chemicals, high operational and maintenance cost. Therefore, an alternative low cost treatment technology particularly for nutrient removal including nitrogen removal system has been developed to improve the final effluent quality that is an aerated rock filter system. However, the optimization study under warm climate has not yet been developed. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen (AN) from domestic wastewater through nitrification process using a lab-scale vertical aerated limestone filter. Domestic wastewater sample used in this study was collected from Taman Bukit Perdana Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Batu Pahat, Johor owned by IWK. The experiment has been carried out for 10 weeks. The influent and effluent of the vertical aerated limestone filter system have been sampled and analyzed on biweekly basis for selected parameters including AN, Total Kjedhal Nitrogen (TKN), pH, alkalinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen to monitor the effectiveness of the filter. Results from this study show that nitrification process has took place within the aerated limestone filter as the results from laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of AN was ranged from 85 % to 92 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 83.52 % - 91.67 %. The temperature was in the average of 26.3oC±0.75, pH value average of , DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L , and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 mg / l as CaCO3 . Therefore, from this study it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. It is also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

The Removal of Excreted Bacteria and Viruses in Deep Waste Stabilization Ponds in Northeast Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The removal of excreted bacteria (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, total and sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, salmonellae and thermophilic campylobacters) and viruses (enterovirus and rotavirus) in a series of deep anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds (depth range: 2.8 - 3.4 m), with an overall retention time of 21 days and a mean mid-depth temperature of 27°C, was studied. Thermophilic campylobacters, bifidobacteria and salmonellae were not detected after 11, 16 and 21 days' retention respectively. Faecal coliforms, faecal streptcocci and Cl. perfringens were reduced by 4, 4 and 2 orders of magnitude respectively, and enteroviruses and rotaviruses both by 3 orders. The results indicate that pathogen removal in deep ponds is similar to that in ponds of normal depth.

Post-treatment of UASB reactor effluent in waste stabilization ponds and in horizontal flow constructed wetlands: a comparative study in pilot scale in Southeast Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
M. L. Calijuri ◽  
P. D. Bevilacqua ◽  
E. N. Rios ◽  
E. H. O. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
And Performance

The results of a 20-month period study in Brazil were analyzed to compare horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CW) and waste stabilization pond (WSP) systems in terms of land area requirements and performance to produce effluent qualities for surface water discharge, and for wastewater use in agriculture and/or aquaculture. Nitrogen, E. coli and helminth eggs were more effectively removed in WSP than in CW. It is indicated that CW and WSP require similar land areas to achieve a bacteriological effluent quality suitable for unrestricted irrigation (103E. coli per 100 mL), but CW would require 2.6 times more land area than ponds to achieve quite relaxed ammonia effluent discharge standards (20 mg NH3 L−1), and, by far, more land than WSP to produce an effluent complying with the WHO helminth guideline for agricultural use (≤1 egg per litre).

Comparative design and performance analysis of three different in configuration waste stabilization ponds pilot units in a Mediterranean-temperate climate

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Parissopoulos ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
F. Papadopoulos ◽  
A. Karteris
Keyword(s):  
Warm Period ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
And Performance

The performance of three waste stabilization ponds (WSP) treatment units (lines A, B, C) for a period of two years is presented. The above units were part of a research and demonstration project in North Greece concerning wastewater treatment with natural systems and effluent reuse for irrigation. Line A consisted of a deep anaerobic pond followed by a facultative and two maturation ponds. The anaerobic pond supplied with 120 m3/d was also feeding line B at a ratio 1:3 (line A: line B). Line B had the same design features with line A but with a recirculation of effluent. The third unit fed with primary treated effluent at a rate of 50m3/d from the WWTP of Thessaloniki was consisted of a facultative and two maturation ponds. In the anaerobic pond the BOD5, COD, SS, TC and FC mean reduction was 28%, 42%, 58%, 31% and 36% for the cold period (T<10°C) and 45%, 53%, 72%, 67% and 71% for the warm period (T>10°C) respectively. In line A, the BOD5, COD, SS, TC and FC total reduction was 98%, 89%, 93%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the cold and 98%, 85%, 88%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the warm period. In line B the reduction was 92%, 86%, 88%, 98.5% and 98.82% for the cold and 96%, 88%, 83%, 99.95% and 99.97% for the warm period. In line C the reduction of the same parameters was 92%, 64%, 40%, 99.88% and 99.96% for the cold and 92%, 59%, 22%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the warm period. The effluent quality was further improved with the use of a storage reservoir and a slow sand filter and reused successfully for crop irrigation.

Water Column Sampling as a Rapid and Efficient Method of Determining Effluent Quality and the Performance of Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
A. Konig ◽  
R. de Oliveira ◽  
S. W. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Entire Depth ◽  
The Individual

Diurnal series of samples of the effluent and the total in-pond water column of facultative and maturation ponds were analysed for COD, suspended solids, faecal coliforms, chlorophyll and ammonia with a view to finding the most efficient way of obtaining reliable mean daily effluent quality data. The results show that individual samples representative of the entire depth of the pond water column taken at any time of day provided reasonably accurate mean daily effluent values for all the parameters measured when compared with the mean values for effluent quality calculated from a series of grab effluent samples collected throughout the day. The same could not be said for the individual grab effluent samples since they varied considerably. The reasons for these differences are discussed as are the benefits of pond water column sampling for monitoring a number of series of ponds at different locations.

Aerated rock filters for enhanced nitrogen and faecal coliform removal from facultative waste stabilization pond effluents

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johnson ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Uk

Facultative waste stabilization ponds in the UK, loaded at 80 kg BOD/ha day, produce effluents which comply with the European Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (i.e., ≤25 mg filtered BOD/l and ≤150 mg SS/l). However, the Environment Agency of England and Wales typically requires a higher effluent quality of ≤40 mg/l unfiltered BOD and ≤60 mg/l SS, both on a 95-percentile basis. An ammonium-nitrogen requirement might also be applied. Traditionally, maturation ponds and reedbeds have been used to upgrade facultative pond effluents, requiring large land areas. This paper describes and compares aerated and unaerated rock filter performance for BOD, SS, nitrogen and faecal coliform removals, and highlights the land-saving opportunities as maturation ponds and reedbeds become redundant.

The Removal of Excreted Bacteria and Viruses in Deep Waste Stabilization Ponds in Northeast Brazil

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
T. P. Curtis ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The removal of excreted bacteria (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, total and sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, salmonellae and thermophilic campylobacters) and viruses (enterovirus and rotavirus) in a series of deep anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds (depth range: 2.8 - 3.4 m), with an overall retention time of 21 days and a mean mid-depth temperature of 27°C, was studied. Thermophilic campylobacters, bifidobacteria and salmonellae were not detected after 11, 16 and 21 days' retention respectively. Faecal coliforms, faecal streptcocci and Cl. perfringens were reduced by 4, 4 and 2 orders of magnitude respectively, and enteroviruses arid rotaviruses both by 3 orders. The results indicate that pathogen removal in deep ponds is similar to that in ponds of normal depth.

Wastewater treatment by pond systems: experiences in Catalonia, Spain

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. García ◽  
R. Mujeriego ◽  
A. Bourrouet ◽  
G. Peñuelas ◽  
A. Freixes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Limited Operator ◽  
Very High

An evaluation of the 24 existing pond systems for treatment of urban wastewater in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain) was conducted in 1997-1998. The evaluation covered 13 aerated ponds, 7 waste stabilization ponds (WSP), and 4 maturation ponds added to conventional biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The technical characteristics of the pond systems were obtained through a survey completed during several visits to the plants. Performance data was supplied by the Catalonia Wastewater Agency and the monthly monitoring campaigns conducted during 12 months in five WWTP. The average ratio of water surface to population equivalent (p-e) is 1.3 m2/p-e for aerated ponds, 9.6 m2/p-e for WSP and 1.7 m2/p-e for maturation ponds added to conventional WWTP. Average electrical energy consumption is 0.5 kW.h/m3 for aerated ponds and 0.04 kW.h/m3 for WSP (when wastewater has to be pumped from the sewer). Most of the WSP show an inadequate level O & M, because the very limited operator attendance (0.6 h/dayon average) as compared to aerated ponds (3.2 h/day on average). Effluent quality of aerated ponds (31 mg SS/l and 22 mg BOD5/l, on average) is usually better that of WSP (100 mg SS/l and 67 mg BOD5/l, on average). Most of the WSP are overloaded, with only two of the pond systems receiving less than 50 kg BOD5/ha. Facultative WSP show a better performance than anaerobic WSP; anaerobic WSP have very high overloading conditions (with more than 250 kg BOD5/ha.d). Average effluent quality of all the pond systems studied comply with European Union standards.

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