A mesocosm study using four native Hawaiian plants to assess nitrogen accumulation under varying surface water nitrogen concentrations

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2389-2397
Author(s):  
C. U. Unser ◽  
G. L. Bruland ◽  
A. Hood ◽  
K. Duin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Growth Differences

Accumulation of nitrogen (N) by native Hawaiian riparian plants from surface water was measured under a controlled experimental mesocosm setting. Four species, Cladium jamaicense, Cyperus javanicus, Cyperus laevigatus, and Cyperus polystachyos were tested for their ability to survive in coconut fiber coir log media with exposure to differing N concentrations. It was hypothesized that the selected species would have significantly different tissue total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, aboveground biomass, and TN accumulation rates because of habitat preference and physiological growth differences. A general linear model (GLM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that species differences accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in tissue TN concentration, aboveground biomass growth, and accumulation rates, when compared with the other main effects (i.e. N concentration, time) and their interactions. A post hoc test of means demonstrated that C. jamaicense had significantly higher tissue TN concentration, aboveground biomass growth, and accumulation rates than the other species under all N concentrations. It was also hypothesized that tissue TN concentrations and biomass growth would increase in plants exposed to elevated N concentrations, however data did not support this hypothesis. Nitrogen accumulation rates by species were controlled by differences in plant biomass growth.

scholarly journals Entwicklung der Schwermetall- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen in Moosen in Deutschland

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Stefan Nickel ◽  
Winfried Schröder ◽  
Uwe Drehwald ◽  
Annekatrin Dreyer ◽  
Markus Preußing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
German States ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Moss Survey ◽  
European Moss Survey

Development of heavy metals and nitrogen concentrations in moss throughout Germany Under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, moss samples have been collected in Europe every five years since 1990 and evaluated for the concentration of heavy metals (since 1990) and nitrogen (since 2005). This article uses the data of this European Moss Survey to geostatistically evaluate and map the spatial distribution and temporal development of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) as well as nitrogen (N) for Germany. Since the year of first sampling in Germany (Cd, Pb: 1990, Hg: 1995), heavy metal concentrations in moss tissue have decreased, while nitrogen concentrations have been remaining at almost the same level since 2005. Since 1990, Cd and Pb have shown a consistent hotspot of bioaccumulation within a broad band from North Rhine-Westphalia to Saxony, while for the other regions and with regard to Hg for most regions of Germany the geostatistical analyses corroborate that the spatial patterns of element concentrations in moss are changing across time. With regard to N, North Rhine-Westphalia and Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (2005–2015), as well as northwestern Germany (2015), proved to be a hotspot of nitrogen accumulation in moss. By contrast, the N concentration in mosses has decreased significantly in the southern German states, especially in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

scholarly journals Assessing controls on organic matter enrichments in hemipelagic homogenous marls of the Cretaceous Vocontian Basin (France): an unexpected variability observed from multiple organic-rich levels

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Caillaud ◽  
Melesio Quijada ◽  
Stephan R. Hlohowskyj ◽  
Anthony Chappaz ◽  
Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Anoxic Events ◽  
Parameter Approach

The Marnes Bleues Formation from the Vocontian Basin (Southeastern France) shows many organic rich levels, some concomitant to oceanic anoxic events OAE1a and OAE1b. These organic-rich levels are scattered through a thick homogeneous succession of marls, poor in organic matter (OM). Through a multi-parameter approach, the organic-rich levels from the Aptian-Albian were characterized. Our results show that all OM-rich levels exhibit variable characteristics, such as OM nature (marine vs. continental), sedimentation and accumulation rates, redox conditions, surface-water productivity and relative sea level, but they all show low to modest enrichments in OM. Furthermore, all the levels share in common the fact that they formed under conditions of normal to low productivity and oxic to suboxic conditions. Thus, our results strongly suggest that, in the absence of high productivity and anoxic bottom conditions, the other factors reputed to favor OM accumulation only led to sporadic and low enrichments in organic contents. It is as if such factors could only enhance OM accumulation but could not induce it alone. What was true for the Vocontian Basin may be extended to other settings, regardless of their time of deposition or location.

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

scholarly journals Linking modern pollen accumulation rates to biomass: Quantitative vegetation reconstruction in the western Klamath Mountains, NW California, USA

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362098803
Author(s):  
Clarke A Knight ◽  
Mark Baskaran ◽  
M Jane Bunting ◽  
Marie Champagne ◽  
Matthew D Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Klamath Mountains ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Pollen Accumulation Rates

Quantitative reconstructions of vegetation abundance from sediment-derived pollen systems provide unique insights into past ecological conditions. Recently, the use of pollen accumulation rates (PAR, grains cm−2 year−1) has shown promise as a bioproxy for plant abundance. However, successfully reconstructing region-specific vegetation dynamics using PAR requires that accurate assessments of pollen deposition processes be quantitatively linked to spatially-explicit measures of plant abundance. Our study addressed these methodological challenges. Modern PAR and vegetation data were obtained from seven lakes in the western Klamath Mountains, California. To determine how to best calibrate our PAR-biomass model, we first calculated the spatial area of vegetation where vegetation composition and patterning is recorded by changes in the pollen signal using two metrics. These metrics were an assemblage-level relevant source area of pollen (aRSAP) derived from extended R-value analysis ( sensu Sugita, 1993) and a taxon-specific relevant source area of pollen (tRSAP) derived from PAR regression ( sensu Jackson, 1990). To the best of our knowledge, aRSAP and tRSAP have not been directly compared. We found that the tRSAP estimated a smaller area for some taxa (e.g. a circular area with a 225 m radius for Pinus) than the aRSAP (a circular area with a 625 m radius). We fit linear models to relate PAR values from modern lake sediments with empirical, distance-weighted estimates of aboveground live biomass (AGLdw) for both the aRSAP and tRSAP distances. In both cases, we found that the PARs of major tree taxa – Pseudotsuga, Pinus, Notholithocarpus, and TCT (Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, and Taxaceae families) – were statistically significant and reasonably precise estimators of contemporary AGLdw. However, predictions weighted by the distance defined by aRSAP tended to be more precise. The relative root-mean squared error for the aRSAP biomass estimates was 9% compared to 12% for tRSAP. Our results demonstrate that calibrated PAR-biomass relationships provide a robust method to infer changes in past plant biomass.

Aboveground Biomass of Reaumuria soongorica Shrub Effect on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Spatial Distribution in Arid and Semi-Arid Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3803-3806
Author(s):  
Bing Ru Liu ◽  
Jun Long Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Important Species

In order to revel aboveground biomass of R. soongorica shrub effect on soil moisture and nutrients spatial distribution, and explore mechanism of the changes of soil moisture and nutrients, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at three soil layers (0-10cm,10-20cm, and 20-40cm) along five plant biomass gradients of R. soongorica were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture content increased with depth under the same plant biomass, and increased with plant biomass. Soil nutrient properties were evidently influenced with plant biomass, while decreased with depth. SOC and TN were highest in the top soil layer (0-10 cm), but TN of 10-20cm layer has no significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil nutrient contents were accumulated very slowly. These suggests that the requirement to soil organic matter is not so high and could be adapted well to the desert and barren soil, and the desert plant R. soongorica could be acted as an important species to restore vegetation and ameliorate the eco-environment.

scholarly journals Response of Rice Nitrogen Physiology to High Nighttime Temperature during Vegetative Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xiaoguo Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Danying Wang ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Soluble Leaf Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effect

The effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (Oryza sativaL.) during vegetative growth. The results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°C (high nighttime temperature, HNT) than at 22°C (CK). However, the increase in both shoot and root biomasses was not significant under 10 mg N/L. The shoot nitrogen concentrations were 16.1% and 16.7% higher in HNT than in CK under 160 and 40 mg N/L. These results suggest that plant N uptake was enhanced under HNT; however, the positive effect might be limited by the N status of the plants. In addition, leaf area, plant height, root maximum length, root and shoot nitrogen concentrations, soluble leaf protein content, and soluble leaf carbohydrate content were greater in HNT than in CK under 40 and 160 mg N/L, while fresh root volume, root number, and the content of free amino acid in leaf were not significantly different between HNT and CK regardless of nitrogen levels. Moreover, leaf GS activity under HNT was increased at 160 mg N/L compared with that under CK, which might partly explain the positive effect of HNT on soluble protein and carbohydrate content.

scholarly journals Biomass uptake and fire as controls on groundwater solute evolution on a southeast Australian granite: aboriginal land management hypothesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4099-4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dean ◽  
J. A. Webb ◽  
G. E. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Chisari ◽  
P. E. Dresel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geochemical Mass Balance ◽  
Granite Terrain

Abstract. The chemical composition of groundwater and surface water is often considered to be dominated by water–rock interactions, particularly weathering; however, it has been increasingly realised that plant uptake can deplete groundwater and surface water of nutrient elements. Here we show, using geochemical mass balance techniques, that water–rock interactions do not control the hydrochemistry at our study site within a granite terrain in southwest Victoria, Australia. Instead the chemical species provided by rainfall are depleted by plant biomass uptake and exported, predominantly through fire. Regular landscape burning by Aboriginal land users is hypothesized to have caused the depletion of chemical species in groundwater for at least the past 20 000 yr by accelerating the export of elements that would otherwise have been stored within the local biomass. These findings are likely to be applicable to silicate terrains throughout southeast Australia, as well as similar lithological and climatic regions elsewhere in the globe, and contrast with studies of groundwater and surface water chemistry in higher rainfall areas of the Northern Hemisphere, where water–rock interactions are the dominant hydrochemical control.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN RELEASED BY THE BREEDING OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS IN CAGES IN THE TOHO AND TODOUGBA LAGOONS(SOUTHER BENIN) BETWEEN 2017 AND 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Achoh Mardochee Ephraim ◽  
◽  
Agadjihouede Hyppolite ◽  
Gangbe Luc ◽  
Aizonou Romaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Production

The present study aim to estimate the ratio of aquaculture in the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations determined in the Toho - Todougba lagoons. For this purpose, the two lagoons were subdivided into 7 stations for the determination of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the water column. Production data from 2017 to 2019 were collected from the Direction of the Ficheries Production and from the literature. Data for 2020 were collected directly from fish farmers. Annual tilapia production was estimated by year and the amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen released from aquaculture are deduced based on the ratio of Montanhini Neto & Ostrensky (2013). The concentration of each of these nutrients was estimated by station and compared to the concentration determined by laboratory analysis of the water. This methodology shows that the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen released to the environment varies from 0.49 mg/L to 0.18 mg/L for phosphorus and from 1.53 mg/L to 0.58 mg/L for nitrogen. The lowest values are obtained in 2020 and differ significantly from the other years (p <0.05). The quantity of phosphorus discharged is higher at the high production stations (Tonon 0.20 mg/L and Lokohoue 0.11 mg/L). Some of this is stored in the sediment. The nitrogen generated by aquaculture is significantly lower than the average determined in water (p <0.05). However, the concentration determined is still related to the amount of organic matter released due to aquaculture. Although aquaculture is not the only source of nutrient release to water, strategies for aquaculture with less nutrient release should be determined.

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