scholarly journals Bioplastic production using wood mill effluents as feedstock

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ben ◽  
T. Mato ◽  
A. Lopez ◽  
M. Vila ◽  
C. Kennes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Acidogenic Reactor ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Different Cultures

Fibreboard production is one of the most important industrial activities in Galicia (Spain). Great amounts of wastewater are generated, with properties depending on the type of wood, treatment process, final product and water reusing, among others. These effluents are characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand, low pH and nutrients limitation. Although anaerobic digestion is one of the most suitable processes for the treatment, lately bioplastics production (mainly polyhydroxyalkanoates) from wastewaters with mixed cultures is being evaluated. Substrate requirements for these processes consist of high organic matter content and low nutrient concentration. Therefore, wood mill effluents could be a suitable feedstock. In this work, the possibility of producing bioplastics from to wood mill effluents is evaluated. First, wood mill effluent was converted to volatile fatty acids in an acidogenic reactor operated at two different hydraulic retention times of 1 and 1.5 d. The acidification percentage obtained was 37% and 42%, respectively. Then, aerobic batch assays were performed using fermented wood mill effluents obtained at different hydraulic retention times. Assays were developed using different cultures as inoculums. The maximum storage yield of 0.57 Cmmol/Cmmol was obtained when when the culture was enriched on a synthetic media.

scholarly journals Valuable product production from wood mill effluents

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mato ◽  
M. Ben ◽  
C. Kennes ◽  
M. C. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Fibreboard production is one of the most important industrial activities in Galicia (Spain). Great amounts of wastewater are generated, with properties depending on the type of wood, treatment process, final product and water reusing, among others. These effluents are characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand (COD), low pH and nutrients limitation. Aerobic and anaerobic processes have been used for their treatment. Presently, bioplastics production (mainly polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHA) from wastewaters with mixed cultures is being studied. Substrate requirements for these processes are a high organic matter content and low nutrient concentration. Therefore, wood mill effluents could be a suitable feedstock. PHA production from wastewaters is carried out in three steps. First, complex organic matter is converted into volatile fatty acids (VFA) through acidogenic fermentation. Then, VFA are used as substrate in an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR), in which the enrichement of PHA producing bacteria from a mixed culture is favoured. Finally, the sludge from the SBR is fed with a pulse containing high VFA concentrations, resulting in PHA accumulation inside the cells. In this work, the possibility of applying this process to wood mill effluents is proposed. An acidification percentage of 37% and a storage yield (YSTO) of 0.23 Cmmol/Cmmol were obtained.

scholarly journals Short investigation on occurrence and removal of semivolatiles during wastewater treatment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Puiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes

The food industry wastewater is known to present a high organic matter content, due to specific raw materials and processing activities. Even if these compounds are not directly toxic to the environment, high concentrations in effluents could represent a source of pollution as discharges of high biological oxygen demand may impact receiving river's ecosystems. Identifying the main organic contaminants in wastewater samples represents the first step in establishing the optimum treatment method. The sample analysis for the non-target compounds through the GC-MS technique highlights, along with other analytical parameters, the efficiency of the main physical and biological treatment steps of the middle-size Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Long-chain fatty acids and their esters were the main abundant classes of non-target identified compounds. The highest intensity detection signal was reached by n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a component of palm oil, after the physical treatment processes with dissolved air flotation, and by 1-octadecanol after biological treatment.

scholarly journals Applicability of biological wastewater treatment for various industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Basamykina Alena ◽  
Kurkina Ekaterina ◽  
Kameristaya Maria
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Inorganic Substances

Abstract Biological treatment methods are used to remove organic and some inorganic substances from wastewater using the simplest organisms that use these substances for nutrition, breaking them down using cellular processes. The article deals with the aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic stages of biological wastewater treatment. Their differences are explained and the best way to use biological processes is analyzed according to the type of industry/production. At wastewater treatment plants, anaerobic treatment is often used at first to remove a significant part of organic substances from wastewater before sending them for further aerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is effective for various types of wastewater, especially with lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A comparative analysis of wastewater composition from food, oil and gas processing, pharmaceutical and pulp and paper industries was carried out. In the presence of organic compounds, the technology is chosen depending on the total organic matter content or the total COD content, which characterizes the total organic matter in water. A combination of anaerobic and aerobic methods is possible, if a discharge into the sewer system or into water bodies is required. The grounds for the application of biological wastewater treatment of these industries are given.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽  
Lara Aguiar Borges ◽  
Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Treatment of landfill leachate with different techniques: an overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mojiri ◽  
John L. Zhou ◽  
Harsha Ratnaweera ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Noriatsu Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Methods

Abstract Landfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand and generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic and inorganic contaminants. Landfill leachate may differ depending on the content and age of landfill contents, the degradation procedure, climate and hydrological conditions. We aimed to explain the characteristics of landfill leachate and define the practicality of using different techniques for treating landfill leachate. Different treatments comprising biological methods (e.g. bioreactors, bioremediation and phytoremediation) and physicochemical approaches (e.g. advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration) were investigated in this study. Membrane bioreactors and integrated biological techniques, including integrated anaerobic ammonium oxidation and nitrification/denitrification processes, have demonstrated high performance in ammonia and nitrogen elimination, with a removal effectiveness of more than 90%. Moreover, improved elimination efficiency for suspended solids and turbidity has been achieved by coagulation/flocculation techniques. In addition, improved elimination of metals can be attained by combining different treatment techniques, with a removal effectiveness of 40–100%. Furthermore, combined treatment techniques for treating landfill leachate, owing to its high chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of ammonia and low biodegradability, have been reported with good performance. However, further study is necessary to enhance treatment methods to achieve maximum removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Potential of Wastewater Valorization after Wet Extraction of Proteins from Faba Bean and Pea Flours

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Sofía Albolafio ◽  
◽  
María I. Gil ◽  
Ana Allende ◽  
Epameinondas Xanthakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Two Stages

The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The different wastewater fractions were characterized by measuring their organic matter content, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and turbidity. The value-added compounds from these wastewater fractions were quantified, which included the protein content, carbohydrate content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, the phenolic compounds in these factions were identified and quantified. It was observed that the fractions obtained in the first extraction stage had 60%–90% higher organic matter content, measured as the chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared to the second fractions, indicating a higher environmental impact of the former in case of disposal. The results obtained for COD, TS, TDS, EC, pH, and turbidity demonstrated that microfiltration reduced only the turbidity (85%), and consequently, a decrease was observed in the particulate matter, while there was a practically negligible reduction in the soluble matter. Wastewater from faba exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, and was, therefore, considered the most valuable fraction for potential valorization.

A source of error in the estimation of the organic matter content of samples containing calcium carbonate

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
The Difference

The conventional method for the determination of the organic matter content of diets and faeces is by ashing the sample at 550 °C (A.O.A.C, 1965)Organic matter (O.M.) = dry matter (D.M.)–ash.If the sample contains calcium carbonate, then some of this carbonate will be converted to oxide (Vogel, 1951) and the weight of carbon dioxide evolved will be calculated as organic matter. The amount of carbonate converted will be dependent upon the temperature at which the sample is ashed and the duration of the ashing process. We have found (Ørskov, Hovell & Allen, 1966; Hovell & Greenhalgh, 1972) that when calcium salts of volatile fatty acids are included in diets given to sheep, most of the calcium is excreted in the faeces as carbonate, and since apparent digestibility is the difference between the amounts of nutrient ingested and excreted, the estimation of the apparent digestibility of organic matter will be in error if no correction is made for the high calcium carbonate content of the faeces. For example, a diet which contained 9·2% of calcium acetate had a true organic matterapparent digestibility of 86·8%. Had no correction been made this would have been estimated as 84·9%.

Treatment of wine distillery wastewater by high rate anaerobic digestion

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.L. Melamane ◽  
R. Tandlich ◽  
J.E. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Distillery Wastewater ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

Wine distillery wastewaters (WDW) are acidic and have a high content of potential organic pollutants. This causes high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. Polyphenols constitute a significant portion of this COD, and limit the efficiency of biological treatment of WDWs. WDW starting parameters were as follows: pH 3.83, 4,185 mg/l soluble COD (CODs) and 674.6 mg/l of phenols. During operation, amendments of CaCO3 and K2HPO4, individually or in combination, were required for buffering the digester. Volatile fatty acid concentrations were <300 mg/l throughout the study, indicating degradation of organic acids present. Mean CODs removal efficiency for the 130 day study was 87%, while the mean polyphenol, removal efficiency was 63%. Addition of 50 mg/l Fe3 +  between days 86 and 92 increased the removal efficiencies of CODs to 97% and of polyphenols to 65%. Addition of Co3 +  improved removal efficiencies to 97% for CODs and 92% for polyphenols. Optimization of anaerobic treatment was achieved at 30% WDW feed strength. Removal efficiencies of 92% and 84% were recorded at increased feed strength from days 108 to 130. High removal efficiencies of CODs and polyphenols after day 82 were attributed to the addition of macronutrients and micronutrients that caused pH stability and thus stimulated microbial activity.

Effect of ionizing radiation on antioxidant compounds present in cork wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Madureira ◽  
R. Melo ◽  
M. L. Botelho ◽  
J. P. Leal ◽  
I. M. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cooking Water

A preliminary study of the gamma radiation effects on the antioxidant compounds present in cork cooking water was carried out. Radiation studies were performed using radiation between 20 and 50 kGy at 0.4 and 2.4 kGy h−1. The radiation effects on organic matter content were evaluated by chemical oxygen demand. The antioxidant activity was measured by ferric reducing power assay. The total phenolic content was studied using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Results show that gamma radiation increases both the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of cork cooking water. These results highlight the potential of this technology for increasing the added value of cork waters.

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