scholarly journals Potential influence of sewer heat recovery on in-sewer processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Abdel-Aal ◽  
Raffaella Villa ◽  
Natalia Jawiarczyk ◽  
Luca Alibardi ◽  
Henriette Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Heat Demand

Abstract Heat recovery from combined sewers has a significant potential for practical renewable energy provision as sources of heat demand and sewer pipes are spread across urban areas. Sewers are continuously recharged with relatively hot wastewater, as well as interacting with heat sources from surrounding air and soil. However, the potential effects of modifying sewage temperature on in-sewer processes have received little attention. The deposition of fats, oils and greases (FOGs) and hydrogen sulphide formation are biochemical processes and are thus influenced by temperature. This paper utilises a case study approach to simulate anticipated temperature reductions in a sewer network due to heat recovery. A laboratory investigation into the formation of FOG deposits at temperatures varying between 5 °C and 20 °C provided mixed results, with only a weak temperature influence, highlighting the need for more research to fully understand the influence of the wastewater composition as well as temperature on FOG deposit formation. A separate modelling investigation into the formation of hydrogen sulphide when inflow temperature is varied between 5 °C and 20 °C showed considerable reductions in hydrogen sulphide formation. Hence, heat extraction from sewers could be a promising method for managing some in-sewer processes, combined with traditional methods such as chemical dosing.

scholarly journals Managing the Transition towards Circular Metabolism: Living Labs as a Co-Creation Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libera Amenta ◽  
Anna Attademo ◽  
Hilde Remøy ◽  
Gilda Berruti ◽  
Maria Cerreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Five Phases

Resource consumption and related waste production are still rapidly increasing all over the world, leading to social and environmental challenges and to the production of the so-called ‘wastescapes’. Peri-urban areas—in-between urban and rural territories—are particularly vulnerable and prone to develop into wastescapes because they are generally characterised by mixed functions and/or monofunctional settlements, as well as by fragmentation in a low-density territory that is often crossed by large infrastructure networks. Moreover, peri-urban areas are generally the selected locations for the development of plants for waste management. In this way, they are crossed by waste flows of a different nature, in a landscape of operational infrastructures and wasted landscapes. Implementing Circular Economy (CE) principles, interpreting waste and wastescapes as resources, is a way to significantly reduce raw material and (soil) resource consumption, improving cities’ metabolism. A circular approach can positively affect the spatial, social and environmental performances of peri-urban areas. However, the transition towards a CE presents many challenges. This article outlines an approach to address these challenges, presenting a co-creation process among researchers, experts and stakeholders within Living Labs (LLs) processes. LLs are physical and virtual spaces, aiming at the co-creation of site-specific eco-innovative solutions (EIS) and strategies. In the LLs, public–private–people partnerships are developed by applying an iterative methodology consisting of five phases: Co-Exploring, Co-Design, Co-Production, Co-Decision, and Co-Governance. This article presents a case study approach, analysing the co-creation methodology applied in two peri-urban living labs, located in the Metropolitan Areas of Naples (Italy) and Amsterdam (The Netherlands), within REPAiR Horizon2020 research project.

scholarly journals Assessing the Energy Performance of Solar Thermal Energy for Heat Production in Urban Areas: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Șoimoșan ◽  
Ligia Moga ◽  
Gelu Danku ◽  
Aurica Căzilă ◽  
Daniela Manea
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
High Investment

One of the major challenges faced in the optimization process of existing heating systems is the harnessing and integration of a higher share of renewable energy. Centralized integration at the thermic source leads to high investment costs at the first investment stage, and low values of conversion, transport, and storage efficiencies, due to high levels of heat loss from large-capacity entropic systems. This research paper presents a case study on the partially decentralized integration of thermal solar fields that are used for heat production in crowded urban areas within the optimization process of the existing heating system in the city of Oradea, Romania. A deterministic method was used as the method for the calculation of heat demand, in both stationary—hourly heat demand and dynamic regimes—annual heat demand, and the simulations within the configuration and the optimization process of the hybrid heating systems were carried out. In the case study, four representative urban areas with different thermal densities were analyzed within two working scenarios, which took into account the energy performances of the buildings inside the studied areas before thermal retrofitting, and after a usual thermal retrofit.

scholarly journals On the Conceptual Design of Novel Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Manente ◽  
Mário Costa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Partial Heating ◽  
Single Flow

The supercritical CO2 power cycle (s-CO2) is receiving much interest in the utilization of waste heat sources in the medium-to-high temperature range. The low compression work and highly regenerative layout result in high thermal efficiencies, even at moderate turbine inlet temperatures. The capability of heat extraction from the waste heat source is, however, limited because the heat input takes place over a limited temperature range close to the maximum cycle temperature. Accordingly, novel s-CO2 layouts have been recently proposed, aimed at increasing the heat extraction from the heat source while preserving as much as possible the inherently high thermal efficiency. Among these, the most promising ones feature dual expansion, dual recuperation, and partial heating. This work concentrates on the conceptual design of these novel s-CO2 layouts using a systematic approach based on the superimposition of elementary thermodynamic cycles. The overall structure of the single flow split with dual expansion (also called cascade), partial heating, and dual recuperated cycles is decomposed into elementary Brayton cycles to identify the building blocks for the achievement of a high performance in the utilization of waste heat sources. A thermodynamic optimization is set up to compare the performance of the three novel layouts for utilization of high temperature waste heat at 600 °C. The results show that the single flow split with a dual expansion cycle provides 3% and 15% more power compared to the partial heating and dual recuperated cycles, respectively, and 40% more power compared to the traditional single recuperated cycle used as the baseline. The separate evaluation of thermal efficiency and heat recovery effectiveness shows the main reasons behind the achievement of the highest performance, which are peculiar to each novel layout.

Unlocking the Potential: The Role of Universities in Pursuing Regeneration and Promoting Sustainable Communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Robinson ◽  
Neil Adams
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Sustainable Communities ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
The Impact

The election of New Labour in 1997 gave fresh impetus to the regeneration and community engagement agendas, and these are clearly central pillars in the Government's drive for sustainable communities. As major institutions in many towns and cities, universities can potentially play a major role in the development of our urban areas and make a significant contribution to the creation of sustainable communities. This paper examines the contribution of universities to urban regeneration and to local communities in England. Whilst there have been numerous case studies assessing the impact of specific universities on local and regional economies and wider research on the impact of universities on the national economy, there has generally been little attention given to their contribution to wider regeneration aims. Rather than adopting a case study approach, the research has focused on a nationwide survey generating quantitative and qualitative data to assess how universities perceive their role within this wider context, the extent to which they have become involved in such initiatives and possible barriers to such involvement. The research indicates that whilst many universities in England have been involved in regeneration and community initiatives, there is potential for more substantial and influential involvement, which could have significant benefits for the country's deprived areas and communities.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Sosial Masyarakat terhadap Pemandu Karaoke: Studi Kasus di Desa Botorejo Kecamatan Wonosalam Kabupaten Demak

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratna Sari ◽  
Kuncoro Bayu Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

<div><p class="ABSTRAKen">Karaoke houses that many found in urban areas, nowadays also find into rural areas. The existence of karaoke houses can not be separated from the profession of "karaoke guide", and they often get bad stigma by the public. This study aims to: (1) find out how social construction Botorejo people against karaoke guides; (2) to know the background of the formation of social construction of the community towards karaoke guides, and (3) to know the impact of the social construction on the social relation between the karaoke guide and Botorejo people. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. Location in Botorejo Village, Wonosalam District, Demak Regency. The data gets from karaoke guides, visitors karaoke houses, managers karaoke houses and people who live in Botorejo Village. The results of the study found that the Karaoke Guides constructed by Botorejo people as “bad women”, the background of the socialconstruction of the Botorejo people is due to the daily habits of karaoke guides and because of the media's reference to the existence of karaoke guides. The impact of social construction on social relations between people with karaoke guides is a latent conflict, social careless relation, and apriori images by the Botorejo people. </p></div>

Assessment of hydrogen sulphide corrosion of cementitious sewer pipes: a case study

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Ayoub ◽  
N Azar ◽  
M El Fadel ◽  
B Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sewer Pipes

scholarly journals Suitability Pre-Assessment of in-Sewer Heat Recovery Sites Combining Energy and Wastewater Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6680
Author(s):  
Franz Huber ◽  
Georg Neugebauer ◽  
Thomas Ertl ◽  
Florian Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Close Distance

In many countries around the world heating (and cooling) has been and will remain the biggest energy sector, but it is still widely dominated by fossil energy sources today. Wastewater as a source of renewable energy contains large amounts of heat and due to its place-bound localization in urban sewer systems it is usually also situated in very close distance to potential heat consumers. However, one has to keep in mind that heat extraction from wastewater might have undesired impacts on temperature-sensitive treatment processes in the related wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). To assess the potential impact of in-sewer heat recovery on inflow temperature, two different approaches are available today: a simple (but less significant) alligation alternate, or very accurate (but less practical) mathematical models. To close the gap between practicability and significance this article introduces a novel approach to pre-assess the suitability of in-sewer heat recovery sites based on little and easily available data considering energy- and wastewater-related perspectives. A case study application demonstrates the informative value and general usability of the approach. Consequently, the proposed procedure can provide guidance and a template for related investigations at any place in a conventional (combined or separated) sewer system.

scholarly journals Numerical Model to Assess the State and Increase of Temperatures in Underground Mine Galleries: A Tool to Support Heat Recovery Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Vitor Colombo ◽  
Maria Lurdes Dinis ◽  
José Soeiro de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Mining Operations

Underground mining is facing growing challenges related to the need to mine deeper and at higher temperatures, to operational expenditures associated with energy consumption, lower grade ores, environmental constraints, and social pressures. In this scenario, a new numerical model is proposed to estimate temperature increase inside mining galleries to provide specific criteria for heat recovery projects, which may consider heat extraction from abandoned mines using closed-loop geothermal systems or from operating mines using the exhaust ventilation air. This model couples different approaches from previous models and include key parameters unemployed until this moment, such as wall roughness and velocity profile modeling, what would allow for a more realistic estimation of convective heat transfer phenomena, which is critical to predicting heat exchange in ventilation air due to the turbulent nature of the airflow. The model also includes other heat sources that could be present inside galleries and should be accounted for, such as machinery, once the heat dissipated to the environment might be substantial depending on the equipment and gallery geometry. The general intention of this project is to account for every heat source that may contribute to increasing the temperature inside the gallery, so it becomes tangible to harness as much heat energy as possible, preventing energetic losses and stimulating an increase of thermodynamic efficiency in underground mining operations. The model is not validated yet with real temperature data, but preliminary results agree with the ones from previous models.

scholarly journals Quality of Favorite Places in Community Residents in The Islamic Village of Kepaon, Pemogan, Denpasar

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gede Herry Widyatma
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorite Place

The existence of a favorite place is a public space that has an important role in the development of villages in urban areas. In the city of Denpasar there are many kampung-kampung (kampung-kampung: a community) that have many favorite places, where the existence of favorite places itself has quality with various facilities. This study aims to determine the quality of people's favorite places in the neighborhood. This study aims to determine the quality of people's favorite places in their neighborhood. The focus of the problem raised is places that are considered favorite by the people in their neighborhood and how the quality of physical object facilities, non-physical object facilities and infrastructure facilities at the favorite places. The research method used is a qualitative method, with a case study approach, the technique for collecting research data is through interview techniques, where the speakers come from people who live in Kepaon Islamic Kampung, Pemogan, Denpasar, asked to write on a piece of paper the places that people consider favorite according to their feelings, this writing technique aims to avoid the occurrence of the expression of feelings towards a favorite place between one resource person with another resource person. This research shows that there are many favorite places in the area of Kampung Islam, Kepaon, Pemogan, Denpasar, but favorite places that have quality with good facilities that are chosen by many people in their neighborhoods such as; Al-Muhajirin Kepaon Mosque, Sungai Taman Pancing Tukad Badung, Kertha Boga Market. The role of the community as well as the government is able to care for and maintain the quality of these favorite places, so that the community is guyub (guyub: close-knit interaction) to live in the area.  Index Terms— favorite places, community, neighborhood

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

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