scholarly journals Application of clayware ceramic separator modified with silica in microbial fuel cell for bioelectricity generation during rice mill wastewater treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryama Raychaudhuri ◽  
Rudra Narayan Sahoo ◽  
Manaswini Behera
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Proton Diffusion ◽  
Rice Mill Wastewater

Abstract Ceramic separators have recently been investigated as low-cost, robust, and sustainable separators for application in microbial fuel cells (MFC). In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a low-cost MFC employing a clayware ceramic separator modified with silica. The properties of separators with varying silica content (10%–40% w/w) were evaluated in terms of oxygen and proton diffusion. The membrane containing 30% silica exhibited improved performance compared to the unmodified membrane. Two identical MFCs, fabricated using ceramic separators with 30% silica content (MFCS-30) and without silica (MFCC), were operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h with real rice mill wastewater having chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3,200 ± 50 mg/L. The maximum volumetric power density of 791.72 mW/m3 and coulombic efficiency of 35.77% was obtained in MFCS-30, which was 60.4% and 48.5%, respectively, higher than that of MFCC. The maximum COD and phenol removal efficiency of 76.2% and 58.2%, respectively, were obtained in MFCS-30. MFC fabricated with modified ceramic separator demonstrated higher power generation and pollutant removal. The presence of hygroscopic silica in the ceramic separator has improved its performance in terms of hydration properties and proton transport.

scholarly journals Effects of selection and compiling strategy of substrates in column-type vertical-flow constructed wetlands on the treatment of synthetic landfill leachate containing bisphenol A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Michihiko Ike
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Synthetic Leachate

Abstract A constructed wetland (CW) is a low-cost, eco-friendly, easy-to-maintain, and widely applicable technology for treating various pollutants in the waste landfill leachate. This study determined the effects of the selection and compiling strategy of substrates used in CWs on the treatment performance of a synthetic leachate containing bisphenol A (BPA) as a representative recalcitrant pollutant. We operated five types of lab-scale vertical-flow CWs using only gravel (CW1), a sandwich of gravel with activated carbon (CW2) or brick crumbs (CW3), and two-stage hybrid CWs using gravel in one column and activated carbon (CW4) or brick crumbs (CW5) in another to treat synthetic leachate containing BPA in a 7-d sequential batch mode for 5 weeks. CWs using activated carbon (CW2 and CW4) effectively removed ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) (99–100%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (93–100%), and BPA (100%), indicating that the high adsorption capacity of activated carbon was the main mechanism involved in their removal. CW5 also exhibited higher pollutant removal efficiencies (NH4-N: 94–99%, COD: 89–98%, BPA: 89–100%) than single-column CWs (CW1 and CW3) (NH4-N: 76–100%, COD: 84–100%, BPA: 51–100%). This indicates the importance of the compiling strategy along with the selection of an appropriate substrate to improve the pollutant removal capability of CWs.

scholarly journals Pollutant removal from municipal sewage by a microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch coupled with micro-electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-dong Zhao ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yu-hong Feng ◽  
Qi-mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Important Challenge

The development of efficient and low-cost wastewater treatment processes remains an important challenge. A microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch (UOD) with micro-electrolysis by waterfall aeration was designed for treating real municipal wastewater. The effects of influential factors such as up-flow rate, waterfall height, reflux ratio, number of stages and iron dosing on pollutant removal were fully investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. The elimination efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached up to 84.33 ± 2.48%, 99.91 ± 0.09%, 93.63 ± 0.60% and 89.27 ± 1.40%, respectively, while the effluent concentrations of COD, NH 4 + -N, TN and TP were 20.67 ± 2.85, 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.39 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.02 mg l −1 , respectively. Phosphorous removal was achieved by iron–carbon micro-electrolysis to form an insoluble ferric phosphate precipitate. The microbial community structure indicated that carbon and nitrogen were removed via multiple mechanisms, possibly including nitrification, partial nitrification, denitrification and anammox in the UOD.

Factors affecting the performance of a single-chamber microbial fuel cell-type biological oxygen demand sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gai-Xiu Yang ◽  
Yong-Ming Sun ◽  
Xiao-Ying Kong ◽  
Feng Zhen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Signal ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Chamber ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stable Voltage

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that exploit microorganisms as biocatalysts to degrade organic matter or sludge present in wastewater (WW), and thereby generate electricity. We developed a simple, low-cost single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC)-type biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor using carbon felt (anode) and activated sludge, and demonstrated its feasibility in the construction of a real-time BOD measurement system. Further, the effects of anodic pH and organic concentration on SCMFC performance were examined, and the correlation between BOD concentration and its response time was analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the SCMFC exhibited a stable voltage after 132 min following the addition of synthetic WW (BOD concentration: 200 mg/L). Notably, the response signal increased with an increase in BOD concentration (range: 5–200 mg/L) and was found to be directly proportional to the substrate concentration. However, at higher BOD concentrations (>120 mg/L) the response signal remained unaltered. Furthermore, we optimized the SCMFC using synthetic WW, and tested it with real WW. Upon feeding real WW, the BOD values exhibited a standard deviation from 2.08 to 8.3% when compared to the standard BOD5 method, thus demonstrating the practical applicability of the developed system to real treatment effluents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbial fuel cell (MFC) for bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal from sugar beet processing wastewater (SBPW)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atikur Rahman ◽  
Md Saidul Borhan ◽  
Shafiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation

AbstractBioelectricity generation from biodegradable compounds using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offers an opportunity for simultaneous wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the synergy of electricity generation by the MFC while reducing pollutants from sugar beet processing wastewater (SBPW). A simple dual-chamber MFC was constructed with inexpensive materials without using catalysts. Raw SBPW was diluted to several concentrations (chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 505 to 5,750 mg L−1) and fed as batch-mode into the MFC without further modification. A power density of 14.9 mW m−2 as power output was observed at a COD concentration of 2,565 mg L−1. Coulombic efficiency varied from 6.21% to 0.73%, indicating diffusion of oxygen through the cation exchange membrane and other methanogenesis and fermentation processes occurring in the anode chamber. In this study, >97% of the COD and up to 100% of the total suspended solids removals were observed from MFC-treated SBPW. Scanning electron microscopy of anode indicated that a diverse community of microbial consortia was active for electricity generation and wastewater treatment. This study demonstrated that SBPW can be used as a substrate in the MFC to generate electricity as well as to treat for pollutant removal.

scholarly journals The Influence of External Load on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Szymon Potrykus ◽  
Luis Fernando León-Fernández ◽  
Janusz Nieznański ◽  
Dariusz Karkosiński ◽  
Francisco Jesus Fernandez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
External Load ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Reverse Scan ◽  
Resistance Value

In this work, the effect of the external load on the current and power generation, as well as on the pollutant removal by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), has been studied by step-wise modifying the external load. The load changes included a direct scan, in which the external resistance was increased from 120 Ω to 3300 Ω, and a subsequent reverse scan, in which the external resistance was decreased back to 120 Ω. The reduction in the current, experienced when increasing the external resistance, was maintained even in the reverse scan when the external resistance was step-wise decreased. Regarding the power exerted, when the external resistance was increased below the value of the internal resistance, an enhancement in the power exerted was observed. However, when operating near the value of the internal resistance, a stable power exerted of about 1.6 µW was reached. These current and power responses can be explained by the change in population distribution, which shifts to a more fermentative than electrogenic culture, as was confirmed by the population analyses. Regarding the pollutant removal, the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased when the external resistance increased up to the internal resistance value. However, the effluent COD increased when the external resistance was higher than the internal resistance. This behavior was maintained in the reverse scan, which confirmed the modification in the microbial population of the MFC.

Acidogenic fermentation of municipal solid waste and its application to bio-electricity production via microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cavdar ◽  
E. Yilmaz ◽  
A. E. Tugtas ◽  
B. Calli
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Acidogenic Fermentation

Acidogenic fermentation of organic municipal solid waste (MSW) and the bio-electricity production potential from its volatile fatty acid (VFA)-rich leachate using an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated in this study. The acidogenic fermentation of 2 kg of MSW has been carried out in a 6 L anaerobic leach-bed reactor (LBR) under mesophilic conditions (30 °C). Total production of 92 g VFA expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 3 L leachate mainly containing acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids has been achieved with manual leachate recirculation and without pH control in 74 days of incubation. Leachate collected on day 32 was used as a feed to an air-cathode MFC after being diluted and supplemented with NaCl or NaHCO3. The maximum power density in the diluted leachate was only 5.9 W/m3, but reached up to 8.6 W/m3 upon the addition of 7 mmol/L NaCl. Increase in coulombic efficiency from 6 to 22% was also observed as a result of NaCl supplementation. On the other hand, NaHCO3 addition did not improve the power output.

The Role of Tourmaline Particles in the Moving Bed Bioreator for Coking Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Environmental Material

Tourmaline is a kind of natural low-cost mineral material. It has a number of unique physical properties and has been a kind of promising environmental material in wastewater treatment. This study was to investigate the aerobic biofilm treatment of coking wastewater with and without tourmaline addition. The results indicated that tourmaline added in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) process could enhance the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD).The organic contaminants could be removed by tourmaline added. The mechanisms of increase of organic contaminants removal may correlate to the existence of tourmaline spontaneous electrode. Micrograph of the excess sludge in the tourmaline-MBBR system indicated that the tourmaline added could be the carrier of the microbe and also affect the biomass and pollutant removal.

scholarly journals Kinetic and Prediction Modeling Studies of Organic Pollutants Removal from Municipal Wastewater using Moringa oleifera Biomass as a Coagulant

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir Adelodun ◽  
Matthew Segun Ogunshina ◽  
Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade ◽  
Taofeeq Sholagberu Abdulkadir ◽  
Hashim Olalekan Bakare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Organic Pollutants Removal ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Pollutants Removal

This study investigated the potential of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed biomass as a coagulant for the removal of turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of municipal wastewater. Triplicated laboratory experiments using MO coagulant added at varying treatment dosages of 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/L, and a control (0 mg/L) treatment were performed for a settling period of 250 min at room temperature. Kinetics and prediction variables of cumulative turbidity, BOD, and COD removal were estimated using simplified first order and modified Gompertz models. Results showed that the maximum removal of turbidity, BOD, and COD were 94.44%, 68.72%, and 57.61%, respectively, using an MO dose of 150 mg/L. Various kinetic parameters, such as rate constant (r), measured (REm) versus predicted (REp) cumulative removal, and specific pollutant removal rate (µm), were also maximum when an MO dose of 150 mg/L was added, the standard error being below 5%. The developed models were successfully validated over multiple observations. This study suggests low cost and sustainable removal of turbidity, BOD, and COD of municipal wastewater using MO seed biomass as a coagulant.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cells for Sustainable Greywater Treatment

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Araneda ◽  
Natalia Tapia ◽  
Katherine Lizama Allende ◽  
Ignacio Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Greywater reuse through decentralized and low-cost treatment systems emerges as an opportunity to tackle the existing demand for water. In recent years, constructed wetlands (CW) systems and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as attractive technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment. In this study, constructed wetland microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) planted with Phragmites australis were tested to evaluate the potential of combining these two systems for synthetic greywater treatment and energy recovery. Open (CW) and closed circuit (CW-MFCs) reactors were operated for 152 days to evaluate the effect of energy recovery on the removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS). Results indicate no significant differences for sCOD and phosphate removal efficiencies. CW-MFCs and CW reactors presented sCOD removal efficiency of 91.7 ± 5.1% and 90 ± 10% and phosphate removal efficiencies of 56.3 ± 4.4% and 61.5 ± 3.5%, respectively. Nitrate removal efficiencies were higher in CW: 99.5 ± 1% versus 86.5 ± 7.1% in CW-MFCs, respectively. Energy generation reached a maximum power density of 33.52 ± 7.87 mW m−3 and 719.57 ± 67.67 mW m−3 at a poised anode potential of −150 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Thus, our results suggest that the incorporation of MFC systems into constructed wetlands does allow energy recovery while providing effective greywater treatment.

scholarly journals Application of Low-Cost Cu–Sn Bimetal Alloy as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Improving Performance of the Microbial Fuel Cell

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. T Noori ◽  
Gaurav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
Bikash R Tiwari ◽  
M.M. Ghangrekar ◽  
C.K. Mukhrejee
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Direct Electric Current ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst

ABSTRACTIn this experiment, a new bimetal low–cost Cu–Sn alloy was synthesized and it was tested as catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in MFC and the results were compared with the commercially available Pt-C catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry for evaluating ORR of the test cathode containing Cu-Sn catalysts under oxygen saturated environment displayed large ORR current peak, showing less overpotential demand for ORR. Maximum power density of 457 mW/m2 obtained from MFC using Cu–Sn catalyst, was found to be slightly higher than the power density of 446 mW/m2 demonstrated by MFC using Pt based cathode. Biochemical conversion of organic matter to direct electric current in Cu–Sn based MFC occurred at a coulombic efficiency of 55.8%, while demonstrating 92% of chemical oxygen demand removal. This study demonstrated application of low cost Cu–Sn bimetal alloy as excellent ORR catalyst in MFC and would be very helpful to commission larger MFCs for field applications to harvest energy in the form of direct electricity from wastewaters while offering wastewater treatment.

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