scholarly journals Advances in treatment of coking wastewater – a state of art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Tamang ◽  
Kakoli Karar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biological Methods

Abstract Coking wastewater poses a serious threat to the environment due to the presence of a wide spectrum of refractory substances such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds. These toxic substances are difficult to treat using conventional treatment methods alone. In recent years much attention has been given to the effective treatment of coking wastewater. Thus, this review seeks to provide a brief overview of recent developments that have taken place in the treatment of coking wastewater. In addition, this article addresses the complexity and the problems associated with treatment followed by a discussion on biological methods with special focus on bioaugmentation. As coking wastewater is refractory in nature, some of the studies have been related to improving the biodegradability of wastewater. The final section focuses on the integrated treatment methods that have emerged as the best solution for tackling the highly unmanageable coking wastewater. Attention has also been given to emerging microwave technology which has tremendous potential for treatment of coking wastewater.

Combined destruction of ethylene glycol, formaldehyde and methanol by biological methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
М.Г. Зубов ◽  
Е.В. Вильсон ◽  
В.А. Литвиненко ◽  
А.А. Кадревич
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Biological Methods

Целью прикладного научного исследования является определение удельной скорости окисления токсичных органических соединений – этиленгликоля, формальдегида и метанола – сообществом микроорганизмов иммобилизованного биоценоза на носителе ЁРШ®, установленном в пилотной установке. Для достижения поставленной цели реализован многоэтапный эксперимент, позволивший определить возможность глубокой биодеградации токсичных веществ и установить необходимую концентрацию азота аммонийного в исходной сточной воде для реализации процесса биодеградации. В ходе исследования были выполнены следующие работы: определение времени выхода на режим пилотной установки после плановой остановки в подаче сточных вод на 31-й день; оценка удельной скорости окисления прикрепленным биоценозом по показателям этиленгликоль, формальдегид, ХПК, БПК; оценка ассимиляции и трансформации соединений азота; формулирование выводов на основе проведенного анализа результатов исследований, необходимых для оценки целесообразности применения биологической очистки сточных вод прикрепленным биоценозом исследуемых загрязнителей и определения расчетных параметров очистного сооружения. The objective of the applied scientific research is to determine the specific rate of oxidation of toxic organic compounds – ethylene glycol, formaldehyde and methanol – by the community of microorganisms of the immobilized biocenosis on the IORSh carrier installed in a pilot plant. To achieve this goal, a multi-stage experiment was carried out that provided for determining possible enhanced biodegradation of toxic substances and specifying the required concentration of ammonium nitrogen in raw wastewater for the implementation of the biodegradation process. In the course of the study, the following works were carried out: determining the process stabilization time in the pilot plant after the scheduled shutdown in the wastewater supply on the 31stday; assessing the specific rate of oxidation by the attached biocenosis in terms of ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, COD, BOD; assessing the assimilation and transformation of nitrogen compounds; drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the research results required for estimating the feasibility of using biological wastewater treatment with the attached biocenosis of the pollutants under study and determining the design parameters of the treatment plant.

scholarly journals Advances in Single-Cell Printing

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Xiaohu Zhou ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Haotian Wen ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Single Cell Isolation

Single-cell analysis is becoming an indispensable tool in modern biological and medical research. Single-cell isolation is the key step for single-cell analysis. Single-cell printing shows several distinct advantages among the single-cell isolation techniques, such as precise deposition, high encapsulation efficiency, and easy recovery. Therefore, recent developments in single-cell printing have attracted extensive attention. We review herein the recently developed bioprinting strategies with single-cell resolution, with a special focus on inkjet-like single-cell printing. First, we discuss the common cell printing strategies and introduce several typical and advanced printing strategies. Then, we introduce several typical applications based on single-cell printing, from single-cell array screening and mass spectrometry-based single-cell analysis to three-dimensional tissue formation. In the last part, we discuss the pros and cons of the single-cell strategies and provide a brief outlook for single-cell printing.

scholarly journals Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Dongming Cui ◽  
Guohua Zhong ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Biological Methods

Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism’s the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.

Recent Developments of Micropattern Detectors

2014 ◽  
pp. 156-194
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Detector Technology

In this chapter, the exciting developments in micropattern detectors in recent years are described. This includes GEM and MICROMEGAS detectors combined with micropixel readout, some peculiar designs of GEM and GEM-like detectors sensitive to UV and visible light, large area (>1m2) GEM and MICROMEGAS prototypes developed for the upgrades of the experiments at the large hadron collider, etc. A special focus is put on a new generation of spark-proof micropattern detectors, using resistive electrodes instead of traditional metallic ones. These detectors operate as ordinary micropattern detectors. However, in the case of occasional sparks, their current is limited by the resistivity of the electrodes so that the energy of the discharge is reduced by several orders of magnitude. Various designs of such detectors have been developed and successfully tested, including resistive GEM, resistive MICROMEGAS, resistive MSGC, etc. Among this family of detectors, a special place belongs to resistive parallel-plate micropattern detectors allowing one to achieve at the same time excellent spatial (38 µm) and time (77 ps) resolutions. Finally, the potential of multilayer detector technology for further optimization of the detector operation is discussed.

Designing Multiplayer Online Games Using the Real-Time Framework

2012 ◽  
pp. 290-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Gorlatch ◽  
Frank Glinka ◽  
Alexander Ploss ◽  
Dominik Meiländer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Single Server ◽  
Multiplayer Online Games ◽  
Multiple Servers ◽  
Game State ◽  
And Migration

This chapter describes a novel, high-level approach to designing and executing online computer games. The approach is based on our Real-Time Framework (RTF) and suits a wide spectrum of online games including Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) and First-Person Shooters (FPS). The authors address major design issues like data structures and Area of Interest (AoI), with a special focus on the scalability of games implemented on multiple servers, including distribution of the game state, inter-server communication, object serialization and migration, etc. The chapter illustrates the approach with two case studies: the design of a new multi-player online game and bringing the single-server commercial game Quake 3 to multiple servers in order to increase the number of simultaneous players. The authors show the place of their approach in the taxonomy of game development approaches, and they report experimental results on the performance of games developed using RTF.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Determination of Thyroid Hormones and Their Metabolites in Endocrine Diagnostics and Biomedical Research – Implications for Human Serum Diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 358-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Köhrle ◽  
Keith H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Matrix Interferences ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Serum Diagnostics ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Total Concentrations

AbstractThe wide spectrum of novel applications for the LC-MS/MS-based analysis of thyroid hormone metabolites (THM) in blood samples and other biological specimen highlights the perspectives of this novel technology. However, thorough development of pre-analytical sample workup and careful validation of both pre-analytics and LC-MS/MS analytics, is needed, to allow for quantitative detection of the thyronome, which spans a broad concentration range in these biological samples.This minireview summarizes recent developments in advancing LC-MS/MS-based analytics and measurement of total concentrations of THM in blood specimen of humans, methods in part further refined in the context of previous achievements analyzing samples derived from cell-culture or tissues. Challenges and solutions to tackle efficient pre-analytic sample extraction and elimination of matrix interferences are compared. Options for automatization of pre-analytic sample-preparation and comprehensive coverage of the wide thyronome concentration range are presented. Conventional immunoassay versus LC-MS/MS-based determination of total and free THM concentrations are briefly compared.

Bribery: cost of doing business in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Adefolake Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Available Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of foreign bribery and perceptions that bribery is just a cost of doing business in Africa in light of recent reports and developments in the global attempt to curb bribery and corruption. Design/methodology/approach The research relied on primary data from anti-corruption legislation, surveys and monitoring reports and secondary data from publicly available information, journal articles and media reports to analyse recent developments in the fight against corruption with a special focus on Africa. Findings The research findings and analysis suggest that foreign bribery, which is illegal but largely carried out with impunity and perceived as a just a cost of doing business in Africa, has heavy costs on developing nations and on corporations and individuals that are prosecuted. Although much has been done to curb corruption, it seems active enforcement takes place in only a limited number of countries. There is still the need for enhanced enforcement by nations, increased societal awareness of effective measures against corruption and improved corporate compliance and responsibility. Originality/value The paper contributes practical insights into improvements and lapses in the fight against foreign bribery and corruption. Using recent and relevant analysis, the paper revisits the resilience of bribery and corruption in spite of increased anti-corruption actions and the need for multiple and varied measures. The information provided will be useful for governments, corporations and civil society in the fight against corruption, which requires constant multilateral action and examination.

Cellulose-Ester as Membrane Materials for Hemodialysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diamantoglou ◽  
H.D. Lemke ◽  
J. Vienken
Keyword(s):  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cellulosic Membrane ◽  
Chain Lengths

The majority of dialysis membranes are fabricated from regenerated unmodified cellulose. This standard type of cellulosic membrane is frequently under attack because of its alleged lack of biocompatibility. Recent developments, however, have proven that a chemical modification of the reactive surface groups of regenerated cellulose, the hydroxylgroups, limits the complement-activating potential of these materials and thus improves its blood-compatibility. We extended the idea of modifying cellulose for improved blood-compatibility to a series of different cellulose esters. Special focus was directed towards the question whether a variation of the type of substituent and degree of substitution could influence the blood-compatibility pattern of these materials: the analysis of blood-compatibility profiles showed a direct dependency on the type of substituent and the degree of substitution (DS). As an example, it was found that the DS, necessary for a complete reduction of complement activation, decreases with increasing chain lengths of aliphatic substituents. Optimal degrees of substitution are characteristic of the type of substituents and enable us to tailor materials specifically for optimized blood compatibility.

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