scholarly journals Natural flood protection streamlining the planning of flood detention in natural landscapes for the reduction of urban flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kvitsjøen ◽  
B. C. Braskerud ◽  
A. Borge ◽  
V. Nilsen ◽  
U. Zühlke
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
The Eu

Abstract A number of cost-effective and environmentally friendly flood reduction measures can provide detention of runoff from natural landscapes upstream of urban areas, with multiple added benefits. This study presents a methodology for assessing the needs for and feasibility of natural flood detention facilities. The candidate catchments for natural flood detention facilities were identified by GIS analysis and further assessed using data from maps and field inspections. Results for two case catchments show that a suitable topography and nature and biodiversity are key feasibility criteria for natural flood detention facilities. The study concluded that it is possible to streamline the process of selecting the location and type of natural flood detentions facilities. Map analyses, field inspections and interdisciplinary collaboration are all important when planning natural flood detention facilities. As a result of the study, the City of Oslo will construct several natural flood detention facilities upstream of the city to gain practical experience with such facilities. While it is not expected that natural flood detention will solve all flooding problems in urban areas, it is expected that natural flood detention can positively contribute to future resilient stormwater management and the implementation of the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change.

Development of a GIS-based Expert System for on-site Storm-water Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jin ◽  
F. Sieker ◽  
S. Bandermann ◽  
H. Sieker
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The City

Urbanization is accelerating worldwide. One of the negative effects of urbanization is the overloading of the city sewer system. To solve this problem, on-site storm water infiltration proves very promising due to its near natural characteristics and multiple effects on the drainage of stormwater runoff in urban areas. However, the judgment of whether a local area is appropriate to be drained in this way and which infiltration measures are optimal is rather complex and involves analysing a set of influential factors. This judgment depends on not only relevant theoretical considerations, but also a large amount of practical experience and the availability of relevant data, as well. Such a judgment is an unstructured problem and relates to changeable knowledge. To fulfill this task, the so-called expert system, or knowledge-based system, is introduced. One of the advantages of an expert system is that it provides automation of expert-level judgment. This is extremely helpful when an expert-level judgment is needed repeatedly for a large amount of cases, like in the planning of on-site stormwater infiltration systems for an entire city catchment. This paper describes a self-developed expert system tool for developing rule-based expert systems, as well as a case study: using an expert system for the selection of on-site storm water infiltration measures for the city of Chemnitz, Germany.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO DA COLUNA TOTAL DE DIÓXIDO DE ENXOFRE NA CAMADA LIMITE DA REGIÃO DA CIDADE DE SANTIAGO NO CHILE UTILIZANDO O SENSOR OMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mateus Dias Nunes ◽  
Éricka Voss Chagas Mariano ◽  
Glauber Lopes Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column

Air pollution is a major environmental problem of today's world. The sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), a pollutant studied both in remote areas as in urban areas, and can be emitted into the atmosphere through natural sources and also by human activities, and its study of great relevance for monitoring problems caused to health of the population, agriculture and economic problems mainly to the population centers of large and medium size. The objective of this study was to determine the variability of the total column of sulfur dioxide into the region of the city of Santiago in Chile using data from the sensor OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) which operates within the range of UV / VIS for the period 2005-2012. Using the daily maximum values of total SO2 column, it was determined the annual and seasonal variability of the total column of sulfur dioxide into the region of Santiago in Chile. The Moving Average for 30 days (MM30) was not a particular seasonality for the period 2005-2012. It was observed increasing values of trend line in the dispersion of the data of the Santiago region.

“Disguised beyond any possibility of recognition”: The Seaside and the Subversion of Social Norms at Coney Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-303
Author(s):  
Frances Davey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Coney Island ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This essay directs attention to the original attraction of those amusements outside the city proper: natural landscapes at the edge of cities in which popular amusements were constructed. Here, the heart of subversive possibility was located where the immutable, uncontrollable natural elements interacted with constructed ones. In the case of Coney Island and similar coastal landscapes, this meant the seashore. The beach broke down manufactured limitations, exposing all beachgoers—particularly women—as the same under the sun. I examine the impact that Coney's seashore had on defining class-bound womanhood. I argue that within the island's liminal confines, the beach's natural elements exposed the fallacy that well-off women were naturally cleaner, both physically and morally, than not just men, but also working-class women. Nature trumped the manufactured to sully both the bodies and, metaphorically, the respectability of the women who flocked to Coney. The farther that women ventured toward the ocean, the more the seascape nullified their differences and democratized its allegedly hygienic visitors. This concept normalized in the early twentieth century as city borderlands, primarily the seashore and mountains, introduced possibilities for more porous gender and class identities in urban areas.

scholarly journals Network design for quantifying urban CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: Assessing trade-offs between precision and network density

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Turner ◽  
Alexis A. Shusterman ◽  
Brian C. McDonald ◽  
Virginia Teige ◽  
Robert A Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
The City

Abstract. The majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are attributable to urban areas. While the emissions from urban electricity generation often occur in locations remote from consumption, many of the other emissions occur within the city limits. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for controlling these emissions depends on our ability to observe urban CO2 emissions and attribute them to specific activities. Cost effective strategies for doing so have yet to be described. Here we characterize the ability of a prototype measurement network, modeled after the BEACO2N network, in combination with an inverse model based on WRF-STILT to improve our understanding of urban emissions. The pseudo-measurement network includes 34 sites at roughly 2 km spacing covering an area of roughly 400 km2. The model uses an hourly 1 × 1 km2 emission inventory and 1 × 1 km2 meteorological calculations. We perform an ensemble of Bayesian atmospheric inversions to sample the combined effects of uncertainties of the pseudo-measurements and the model. We vary the estimates of the combined uncertainty of the pseudo-observations and model over a range of 20 ppm to 0.005 ppm and vary the number of sites from 1 to 34. We use these inversions to develop statistical models that estimate the efficacy of the combined model-observing system at reducing uncertainty in CO2 emissions. We examine uncertainty in estimated CO2 fluxes at the urban scale, as well as for sources embedded within the city such as a line source (e.g., a highway) or a point source (e.g., emissions from the stacks of small industrial facilities). We find that a dense network with moderate precision is the preferred setup for estimating area, line, and point sources from a combined uncertainty and cost perspective. The dense network considered here could estimate weekly CO2 emissions from an urban region with less than 5 % error, given our characterization of the combined observation and model uncertainty.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF REJUVENATION OF LAKES IN BENGALURU, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
T.V. Ramchandra ◽  
V Sincy ◽  
K.S. Asulabha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the study: The main objective of the present work is to assess the efficacy of the restoration endeavour in Bengaluru lakes, Karnataka, India. Rapid urbanisation coupled with industrialisation in urban areas has greatly stressed the available water resources qualitatively and quantitatively. This has also resulted in the generation of enormous sewage and wastewater after independence. Method:  Environmental monitoring of 40 restored lakes was carried out to identify the key issues and assessing water quality (physical, chemical and biological). Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was determined using data of physicochemical parameters of lakes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed using PAST3 software to identify the factors responsible for variations in water quality. Main Findings: The monitored forty lakes distributed across the three major watersheds namely Koramangala and Challaghatta valley, Vrishabhavathi valley and Hebbal valley were grouped under three different WQI status like good water quality (10%); poor water quality (37%) and very poor water quality (53%). Majority of these restored lakes has become polluted which indicates improper decontamination and poor maintenance of restored lakes. Application of this study: This study provides vital information for policymakers to understand the gaps which helps in the course correction while implementing further rejuvenation of lakes. Novelty/Originality of this study: The efficacy of rejuvenation was assessed through integrated cost-effective scientific approaches for the lake monitoring.  Monitoring during the pre and post rejuvenation period has aided in assessing the efficacy of rejuvenation, which is done for the first time in India.

scholarly journals A Smart Parking System Based on Mini PC Platform and Mobile Application for Parking Space Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sobeslav ◽  
Josef Horalek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
City Center ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Parking Space Detection ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
The City

Car parking is a major problem in urban areas in developed and also in developing countries. The growing number of vehicles creates a problem with parking spaces mainly in the city center and the surrounding streets. The local authorities have to react with regulations, and the current situation is unpleasant for many citizens. Therefore, the aim of this article is to propose a complex outdoor smart parking lot system based on the mini PC platform with the pilot implementation, which would provide a solution for the aforementioned problem. Current outdoor car park management is dependent on human personnel keeping track of the available parking lots or a sensor-based system that monitors the availability of each car. The proposed solution utilizes a modern IoT approach and technologies such as mini PC platform, sensors, and IQRF. When compared to a specialized and expensive system, it is a solution that is cost-effective and has the potential in its expansion and integration with other IoT services.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE POTENTIALS OF SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN CREATING BLUE-GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CITY OF NIŠ, SERBIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Dinić Branković ◽  
Milica Igić ◽  
Petar Mitković ◽  
Jelena Đekić ◽  
Ivana Bogdanović Protić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
The City

“Blue-Green Infrastructure” (BGI) is a simple and cost-effective natural resource that enhances theappeal, resilience and sustainability of urban areas. Small urban streams are an important BGIcomponent that is often underused, especially regarding stormwater management. The aim of thisresearch is to explore small urban streams and their integration into BGI in the urban area of Niš,and to point out the benefits that their restoration would bring in functional, social and environmentalterms. Results of this study show that Niš urban area has significant “Blue” natural capital in smallstreams, and that standing planning documents support the creation of BGI to some extent. Theseare good grounds for the implementation of BGI in urban planning practice.

scholarly journals AGORA 2012: The Return to Traditional Marketplace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Lam Ho-Suen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Form Type ◽  
The City

Market forms such as shopping malls and department stores have been cloned endlessly in both rural and urban areas in many countries as a successful retail model. Despite the fairly homogeneous architectural expression and internalized (isolated) environment of new market forms (cut off from the city at large), the mass production of generic markets are seen favourably, since they are cost effective and offer the high dollar-per-square-footage that developers seek and that favours a global consumer economy. Therefore, the more traditional public markets that were once an expression the local life and culture are now being replacing by the “McDonaldized” (Rizter, 2006 page 123) marketplaces. They all have a similar architectural form, type and style that have little or no linkage to the locale and, in addition, are private zones. Since the 1970s, the intensity of construction of such generic market places has been slowly overriding the authentic identity of market architecture in many regions. In order to distinguish and express the unique architectural developments and the difference in local lifestyles of different regions, it is important to maintain local identity of building that houses “historically stable programs” (Leong, 2011, p. 138) such as local market. It is also crucial to keep the marketplace public in nature where people can socialize with greater freedom. This project intends to re- capture the local identity in a specific urban marketplace as a test of how contemporary design can maintain, revitalize and reinterpret the essence of the local architecture. The site is a typical residential- commercial neighbourhood known as Li-Nong in Shanghai. It is a row house neighbourhood built in 1924 in the heart of the city. The deterioration of buildings and limited access into the neighbourhood has contributed to the decline of businesses in the neighbourhood’s commercial strip. This project attempts to revitalize the historical laneway commercial neighbourhood and make it into a pedestrianized and inviting neighbourhood where locals can still have a shopping experience that is informed by the 1924 Shanghai-nese architecture.

scholarly journals Revitalizing small urban streams as an instrument of urban planning in creating resilient cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Milena Dinic-Brankovic ◽  
Milica Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Small Streams

Small urban streams are an important element of blue-green infrastructure that is often underused, especially regarding storm water management. In addition, small streams in dense urban areas often seem to be polluted and devastated, or even buried underground. This paper discusses the problems and challenges that occur in urban areas regarding small streams and creeks, and explores how their revitalization can help in shaping more resilient communities. The study explores two cities, Graz and Oslo, and their best practice examples in revitalizing urban watercourses. As a valuable natural ?blue? capital, small streams can reduce the city?s risk of flooding from intense rainfall and strengthen the ecosystem. At the same time, small urban streams are cost effective, proactive and attractive elements of urban landscape. Research identifies the benefits that the process of revitalization of small urban streams brought about to the selected case studies regarding the environment, public health, social interactions, land use and adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, the research establishes urban planning guidelines for revitalization of watercourses that could help in setting up policy framework for adapting inherited urban settings to climate change.

Street Networks and Crime

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Davies ◽  
Kate J. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Street networks are the primary structures around which urban areas are arranged. Perhaps more significantly, though, the network acts as a substrate for movement, and defines the paths that can be taken between locations. It therefore determines, among other things, how far places are from each other, and the extent to which different features will be used in the course of movement activity. In this way, street networks play a key role in shaping interactions between people and the environment. Using data from the city of London, UK, this chapter examines the relationship between the occurrence of common assault and network centrality. The question of whether a relationship with network structure is also observed in this case has a number of potential implications from the perspectives of both policing and urban planning, while also representing a further test of criminological theory.

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