The paper is devoted to the study of the volume and value of biological resources of beekeeping, the feasibility and possibility of developing beekeeping on the basis of melliferous resources available in the Russian Federation. Beekeeping is an important branch of agriculture, since bee pollination of entomophilic agricultural plants is one of the most eff ective agricultural techniques, which leads to an increase in the yield of entomophilic agricultural plants by up to 300 %. The development of beekeeping on a national scale is possible only with serious state support. For such participation of the state, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the state of the industry, the biological resources of beekeeping and the prospects for development. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the feed base of beekeeping in the Russian Federation, determine potential honey reserves and prospects for the development of beekeeping in the Russia. We have touched on the topic of melliferous resources of entomophilic plants in this paper. The melliferous resources of Russia calculated in diff erent versions have been considered. The volume of melliferous resources, potential honey reserves, and the number of bee colonies that can be maintained based on the available melliferous resources in Russia have been given. The evaluation of the profi t that can be obtained with the development of beekeeping in Russia and proper pollination of entomophilic crops and wild entomophilic plants has been made. It has been noted that the melliferous resources of Russia theoretically allow to contain up to 30 million bee colonies and receive up to 452 million kg of commercial honey, which can meet the scientifi cally-based norms of honey consumption for all Russians. The total benefi t from proper pollination of entomophilic cultural and wild plants in Russia has been evaluated at an impressive amount approaching 1 trillion rubles per year.