GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE AREA OF THE ZHENIS OIL AND GAS SECTION OF THE CASPIAN SHELF ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
MOROZOVA LARISA A. ◽  
◽  
KARABAYEVA ALTYNGANYM Z. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All

Energy is considered one of the key factors of human development, providing the necessary conditions for its existence and vital activity, the degree of material and economic well-being. The leading position among fuel and energy resources at the present time belongs to oil, as the most productive energy carrier. Overcoming the current economic crisis is associated with an increase in global demand for black gold and an increase in the pace of its production. The involvement of ever-increasing volumes of hydrocarbon resources in production circulation reduces their reserves and leads to the need for exploration and development of ever-new deposits. It is a well-known fact that since the peak of the formation of geological exploration in the 60s of the XX century to the present period, the number of discovered deposits on the onshore part is steadily decreasing, and the number of developments on the shelf is increasing. The offshore zone of the Caspian Sea is a very promising region for the production of hydrocarbons, where the richest deposits have been explored and exploited. However, oil production at sea is much more difficult, more expensive than on land and involves significant environmental risk. The most important tool of environmental protection activities used almost all over the world is an environmental assessment based on a comprehensive analysis of the most likely impact of the proposed activity on the environment. This procedure is carried out in order to establish the compliance of the planned economic activity with environmental requirements and to determine the admissibility of the implementation of the object and to prevent possible negative impacts of this activity on the environment and the associated social, economic, environmental and other consequences. The constant increase in demand for hydrocarbon resources and their involvement in economic turnover, as well as the reduction of reserves and environmental risks associated with their production and exploitation of deposits have determined the relevance of this article. The purpose of the work was to identify the features of the current ecological state of the marine environment in the water area of the planned development of hydrocarbon deposits.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT OF THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF OIL AND GAS WELLS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kamchatova ◽  
A. V. Sedova
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Abandoned Wells ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All

The negative impact on the environment is carried out from almost all oil and gas facilities. One of such objects are wells of any purpose. The causes of negative impacts on the environment from plugged and abandoned wells were identified in the course of the study. Existing methods and technologies of well liquidation and conservation have been analyzed in the article. Existing problems in the legal regulation of the issue of environmental safety of abandoned wells have been investigated. The result of comparison of the international and domestic legislation on this problem has been presented.

New Stage in the Geopolitical Struggle around the Caspian Sea after 1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Stanislav Aleksandrovich Pritchin
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Military

For almost three centuries, starting with the campaign of Peter the Great in 1721-1722, Russia has traditionally played a key role in the Caspian Sea. The situation changed dramatically with the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the emergence of three new regional players-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. For Russia, this meant a significant reduction in influence in the region and the loss of control over most of the water area and the sea and its resources. In the historiography devoted to the region, the emphasis is placed on assessing the new round of geopolitical struggle, the position and interests of Western and regional powers. The author of this article provides a critical analysis of changes in Russian policy towards the Caspian Sea over the past 30 years and assesses the effectiveness of these changes. The difficult transition from the role of a dominant player in a region closed to external competitors to an open geopolitical confrontation over resources, their transportation routes, and political influence at the first stage was not in favor of Russia. Russia could not defend the principle of a condominium for joint development of hydrocarbon resources of the sea. With the active assistance of Western competitors, Russia lost its status as a monopoly transit country for oil and gas from the region. At the same time, thanks to diplomatic efforts and increased political dialogue with its neighbors in the region, Russia managed to resolve all territorial issues at sea by 2003, maintain the closed status of the sea for the military forces of third countries, and by 2018 complete work on the Convention on the international legal status of the sea, which established the principles of cooperation in the region that are important for the Russian Federation. Thus, official Moscow managed to achieve the strategic goals adapted after the collapse of the USSR by using the traditional strengths of its foreign policy and consolidate its status as the most influential player in the region.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIR WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEA DEPOSITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
NABIEVA VICTORIA V. ◽  
◽  
SEREBRYAKOV ANDREY O. ◽  
SEREBRYAKOV OLEG I. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics

Hydrogeological conditions of reservoir waters of oil and gas fields in the northern water area of the Caspian Sea characterize the geological features of the structure of the Northern Caspian shelf, as well as the thermodynamic parameters of the exploitation of productive deposits, production and transportation of oil and gas. Reservoir waters contain water-soluble gases. According to the size of mineralization, the ratio of the main components of the salt composition, as well as the presence of iodine and bromine, reservoir waters can be attributed to a relatively "young" genetic age, subject to secondary geochemical processes of changing the salt composition in interaction with "secondary" migrated hydrocarbons. The physical and chemical properties of reservoir waters are determined by PVT analysis technologies. Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of compatibility with reservoir waters of marine waters injected to maintain reservoir pressures (PPD) during the development of offshore fields in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient (KIN) indicate the absence of colmating secondary sedimentation in mixtures of natural and man-made waters.

Velocity fields in Northern Caspian near Jayik (Ural) river delta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Rezvov ◽  
Peter Zavialov ◽  
Mikhail Krinitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Inland Water Body

<p>The Caspian Sea is the largest inland water body on the Earth and a unique object for analysis. It is of great importance for the socioeconomic development of bordering countries. Unique fish resources and oil and gas fields are projected to provide a significant source of food and economic prosperity to the Caspian region, as well as energy to many parts of the world. National and transnational oil and gas corporations are involved in the utilization of the commercially attractive Caspian natural resources. The Caspian Sea has been influenced by climate change and anthropogenic disturbance during recent decades, yet the scientific understanding of this water body remains poor. Climatic variability of water circulation in the Caspian Sea remains unclear. Traditionally, currents in the Caspian Sea have been investigated by numerical methods. Instrumental observations of the currents in the Caspian Sea are mostly carried out in the shelf zone. Available data cover very short periods and reflect variability only in synoptic and higher frequency of the sea dynamics. In this work, water velocity data based on SeaHorse equipment is under consideration. Three stations were in northern Caspian, area adjacent to Jayik (Ural) River delta. In both cases, the instruments were deployed in 2016 and 2017 at the point 46.782N, 51.384E, depth about 3 m. In this work, we will present the preliminary results of our study of the field observations we gathered in these points. We also present the analysis of the potential drivers for the spatial and temporal patterns of the measured currents velocity.</p>

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Well-Being of Adults with Physical Disabilities and/or Chronic Diseases during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6342
Author(s):  
Diederik R. de Boer ◽  
Femke Hoekstra ◽  
Kimberley I. M. Huetink ◽  
Trynke Hoekstra ◽  
Leonie A. Krops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

Background: People with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases report lower levels of physical activity and well-being than the general population, which potentially is exacerbated through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the international literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior and well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases during the first wave of the pandemic. Method: In a rapid review, we included studies reporting on physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases. Four databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase) were searched for studies published until 30 September 2020. Results: We included twenty-nine studies involving eleven different types of disabilities or health conditions from twenty-one different countries. Twenty-six studies reported on physical activity, of which one reported an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, four studies reported no difference, and twenty-one studies reported a decrease. Thirteen studies reported a decline in well-being. Only one study measured sedentary behavior, reporting an increase. Conclusion: Despite the variety in methods used, almost all studies reported negative impacts on physical activity and well-being in people with physical disabilities and/or chronic disease during the first wave of the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of supporting this population, especially in times of crisis.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on obstetrics and gynaecology trainees; how do we move on?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
R. Mallick ◽  
F. Odejinmi ◽  
M. Sideris ◽  
E. Egbase ◽  
M. Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) is an evolving specialty that encompasses women’s health at its core. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant patient care challenges, however simultaneously it has resulted in the interruption of clinical training and cessation of all elective work. Our primary aim was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of O&G trainees. Methods: An email invite was sent to all 127 O&G trainees in Kent, Surrey and Sussex (KSS), inviting them to participate in an anonymous 33-question survey. The survey data was collected and analysed over a 4-week period. Results: Of the 127 trainees sent the survey, 87 responded (69%). 39% and 75% of trainees agreed that the pandemic had a negative impact on their overall physical and mental wellbeing respectively. 43% agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had adversely affected their obstetric training experience whilst almost all trainees stated a significant negative impact on benign gynaecology surgical training. Reassuringly, over 80% were positive they would recover from the negative impacts of COVID-19. Conclusions: It is evident that COVID-19 has impacted O&G trainees in several ways. Whilst we face uncertain times, we must firstly ensure the physical and mental well-being of all trainees. It is encouraging that non-emergency consultations and benign surgery are being restarted nationwide and whilst this will inevitably help with re-booting surgical training, we must also think “outside” the box and utilise other modes of teaching and training to safeguard learning whilst mitigating against the negative impacts of subsequent waves.

scholarly journals Contemporary ecological state of waters of the Caspian Sea during development of oil and gas deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
A. F. Sokolskiy ◽  
A. Sh. Kanbetov ◽  
N. N. Popov ◽  
B. A. Mutashev ◽  
N. I. Rabazanov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
The Impact

Aim. This study was an attempt by the authors to identify the impact of oil production in the Caspian Sea on the quality of waters surrounding oil and gas-production platforms.Material and Methods. In 2018, by order of the Committee for Forestry and Wildlife of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazekoproekt carried out comprehensive marine research to assess the state of biological resources in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. All studies were carried out according to standard methods accepted in international practice. Samples were collected in summer (July-August) 2018 and autumn (September) 2018.Results. An analysis of the materials of environmental studies carried out in the water area of the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 established the absence of biogenic concentrations in sea water in excess of the standard indicators. It was found that in the waters surrounding several stations in summer and autumn, concentrations of oil products were exceeded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.Conclusion. It was found that in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 there was no concentration of biogenic elements in sea water above the standard indicators. Of the heavy metals, an excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found only at one station - of copper in the summer over 159 sq. m and in the autumn over 121 sq. m. Of particular concern is the fact that at several stations in summer and autumn excessive concentrations of petroleum products were recorded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.

scholarly journals TASKS OF MONITORING THE SAKHALIN SHELF ZONE BY DATA’S SATELLITE SURVEYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Melkiy ◽  
Vladimir M. Pishchalnik ◽  
Valery A. Romanyuk ◽  
Alexey A. Verkhoturov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Far Eastern

The goal of the strategy of the Russian Federation in the development of the Far Eastern’s and Arctic seas is an active, qualitatively new industrial, infrastructural and social development of the North and the East. The Arctic shelf of Russia have the main reserve of oil and gas resources, which belongs to the number of unique areas of the world, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves. The objectives of the policy of mining enterprises aimed at increasing the reserves of offshore fields, introducing the latest equipment and technologies in their development, creating an infrastructure that can ensure the smooth and trouble-free operation of mining complexes and the transportation of products. It is necessary to create a digital platform for ensuring safe operation on the shelf, accumulating data from satellite surveys of transport infrastructure facilities, for monitoring the hydrometeorological, ice and navigation conditions in the waters of the Far Eastern Seas and the Northern Sea Route (NSR) for navigation and hydrographic support of ship traffic, as well as icebreaker assistances. The system should support the laying of ship navigation routes of transport vessels and icebreaking fleets, taking into account the navigation and ice conditions in the specified water area, the organization of search and rescue operations, elimination of the consequences of emergency spills, pollution from ships with harmful substances or garbage.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

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