scholarly journals THE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY ARTICLE AS A STEP TOWARDS FORMALIZING THE LEXICOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Vera D. TABANAKOVA ◽  
Julia G. Kokorina
Keyword(s):  
Shape Function ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Universal Structure ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Unified Description ◽  
Constructive Parameter

This article studies the formalized lexicographic description of the archaeological terminology and aims to develop its basis — the universal dictionary entry structure. The authors prove the need for the unified description of an archaeological term in dictionaries and terminological databases. The comparative analysis of the dictionary entry structures of contemporary archaeological dictionaries and term databases has shown that the unified principles for the formalized description of an archaeological object have not yet been developed. Thus, the archaeological dictionaries, as well as the term databases, do not have the unified structure of the dictionary entry. This paper describes the systematic development of the universal structure of the dictionary entry for the archaeological term. The source of the term material was the most complete contemporary terminological dictionary — “The Dictionary of Archaeological Ceramics” by Yu. G. Kokorina (2017). As a result of the logical-conceptual and definitional analysis of the archaeological term descriptions, the authors have proposed 15 linguistic and conceptual parameters: etymology, synonyms, pragmatic parameter, shape, function, constructive parameter, obligatory structural elements, metric parameter, degree of the metric parameter manifestation, proportions, quantitative parameter, cultural-geographical parameter, and construction material. The universal character of these parameters is supposed to ensure the development of the formalized dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term. The proposed all inclusive dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term can become the foundation for the formalized lexicographic description of archaeological terminology both in dictionaries and in automated databases.

scholarly journals Study on Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced High Strength Light Weight Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
High Strength Fiber

Concrete, one of the most universally accepted construction material, exhibits higher values of compressive strength, but the same cannot be said in terms of its tensile strength. This is the prime explanation for the setback of this construction material, to be used in place of achieving a higher tensile strength. Different endeavors have been made to improve the overall tensile strength of concrete by using diverse materials. These materials were used either as a form of replacement of its main constituents, or simply as an addition to the other constituents. Out of all such materials, the use of different types of fibers, added a definite proportion of tensile strength without actually altering the configuration of the concrete blocks to a larger extent. Also, in some cases the density of the concrete is a one of the influencing parameters in structural elements and this study is based on the optimization of fibers as a replacement of the Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) along with the use of different industrial waste by products i.e., mineral admixtures and also the light weight aggregates in order to reduce the self weight of the concrete. In this study, an attempt will be made to investigate the mechanical properties of M60 grade high strength fiber reinforced light weight aggregate concrete.

Performance of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Replacement of Concrete Sludge Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ibrahim Norlia ◽  
Roshazita Che Amat ◽  
Nur Liza Rahim ◽  
Shamshinar Sallehuddin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
Foamed Concrete

The use of waste materials in construction industry is very essential in order to reduce the depletion of natural sources. Thus, this study is focused to determine the performance of lightweight foamed concrete made with concrete sludge aggregate (CSA) and to determine the optimum proportion of CSA that can gives optimum compressive strength. Strength is one of the most important properties of concrete since the first consideration in structural design is that the structural elements must be capable of carrying necessary loads. CSA has been use as partial substitution to normal coarse aggregate to manufacture structural lightweight foamed concrete. Two different sets of CSA proportion have been prepared with foamed injected through mixing processes. 25% and 50% of CSA for production of lightweight concrete were designed according to proper mix design. It is found that maximum percentage of CSA that contribute to the highest compressive strength of 25MPa is 50% of CSA replacement. Its density is 1837 kg/m3 with water adsorption of 16.35%. The usage of concrete sludge aggregate as construction material can be further promoted in order to solve major environmental issues.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING CENTERS FOCUSED ON MECHANICAL PART OF OPTICAL DEVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Nikolay E. Gavrichenko ◽  
Pavel V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Complex Metal ◽  
Mechanical Part ◽  
Formalized Description

The article deals with the concept of flexible and dynamic classification of metal-cutting machines of the "turning processing center" (TPC) type for the production of complex metal parts of optical devices by cutting. It is intended to create specialized databases with a formalized description of the structural elements of the TPC and automatically perform multiple classifications, relying on various factors. The comprehensive analysis of machine-tool companies is made; the generalized structure of structural elements and parameters of modern TPC is defined.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF DURABILITY AND DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
S.І. Rogovyi ◽  
◽  
L.A. Tsyhanenko ◽  
N.M. Sribniak ◽  
V.M. Lutskovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
The State ◽  
General View ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Deformation Properties

Abstract. The research deals with the main directions of the Reinforced Concrete Theory current improvement on the basis of its incisive analysis. As leading direction in solving such a problem, the modern, well known deformational analytic model is examined. It is implemented on the base of complete experimental diagrams of deformation of different structural materials. The offered methods for improvement of such model suggest the creation and use of the transformed diagrams of deformation of concrete, reinforced elements as well as those structural elements on their basis. The modelling of these diagrams is envisaged on the basis of experimental dependences of complete diagrams for deformation of construction materials taking into account the influence on them of different physical, technological, dynamic and other factors. The general view of the said diagram will be realized by two its branches – ascending and descending, designed by different parametric (key) points. The special interest on the modern stage in development of deformational analytic model presents the design of descending branch of complete diagram on the state of construction material that is recorded by different parametric points. One of the main tasks in designing of such points is standardization of experimental methods in determining the critical values of relative power deformations in the top of a diagram, that correspond to the limit straining of construction material, that does not exceed the board of its durability at a compression. The descending branch of complete diagrams must be designed on condition that the deformation of concrete became consistently waning. The transitional point of this state in sustained and increasing deformation it to be considered as destruction start of material at intensively increasing destructive transformations of its structure. The straining of constructional material on such on-loading area of diagram can diminish to the level of postcritical values, beyond the durability range of stability at a compression, and to correspond to relative deformations in the limit state. Further reduction in tension to the concrete is representative at its dynamic deformation in terms of more intensive development of destructive transformations. Thus the level of relative deformations can increase to the maximally possible values, beyond which a concrete, as structural material, stops to comply with the necessary operating qualities. The long-term experience in initiation, perfection and development of theory of the reinforced concrete, as well as implementation of its modern deformational model of calculation show that there is a number of important vital problems which need to be examined and solved for today. Such problems in the outlined aspect are to be examined in two directions of researches. The first is an improvement of methodology of tests and standardization of methods in obtaining the complete experimental diagrams of the state and their parametrical points which allow to design dependence sb – εb (straining – deformation) with high authenticity by the analytical function for its implementation at the calculations of different structural elements; the second is an improvement of deformational calculation model with help of the transformed diagrams of deformation, as well as more precise definition of some pre-conditions and positions accepted in different existent standards for the calculation of concrete and reinforce-concrete constructions. The essence in solving of the above-said pressing issues set forth in this research.

Determinant of Critical Distance of Bolt on Bamboo Connection

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astuti Masdar ◽  
Bambang Suhendro ◽  
Suprapto Siswosukarto ◽  
Djoko Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Bearing Failures ◽  
Connection System

Bamboo is a construction material that has great potential to be utilized as structural material on building construction. Bamboo available in variety length and high strength-weight ratio that make it ideal to be used as main structural component of buildings, such as column, beam, floor, partitions or trusses structural elements. High strength bamboo material can not be fully utilized due to the constraints in the connection system. The connection system adopted in joining bamboo elements on bamboo construction significantly influences the strength as well as behavior of the structure. The existence of nodes at the end of bamboo culms may improve the strength of connection. In practice, however, it is nearly impossible to have all bamboo element with nodes at the end of bamboo culms. Therefore in design of strength bamboo connection should be based on condition of end bamboo culms without nodes. In this research, analytical method considering two strength criterions is verified with result from experimental work. Results of research show that shear strength is the smallest strength among others. As bolt is used as connector in bamboo connections, shear strength commonly serves as critical criterion that determines the connection strength. This paper presents the result of study aiming at determination of minimum distance of bolt to the end of bamboo culms without node. Tests conducted by giving tensile force on the bolt with certain distance based on the analysis of shear strength and bearing strength of bamboo. The results showed that the critical distance of bolt to end of bamboo culms without node is 4-5 times the diameter of bamboo. Two main criterion of connection failure, namely shear and bearing failures are considered.

Constructional Materials Quality Management According to the Scanning Thermal Analyzer

2016 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
V.A. Mikheev ◽  
G.P. Doroshko ◽  
V.N. Ilyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Structural material composition determine its structure not ambiguously. The physical and chemical nature of the linkage elements and materials of its parts act on the construction material structure and the final properties. The study of this connection in materials using the methods of physical and chemical analysis is based on the detection and measurement of continuous external influences and averaged thermal response. However, to control internal processes in the contact zones at the phase boundaries and structural elements not enough. In order to effectively control the quality of the construction material was found the solution to implement a comprehensive by the formation of a set of two alternative methods, in the form of a scanning thermal analyzer and a device for the rated thermal activation combine substances.

Structural phenomena in the growth of carbon nanotubes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 750-751
Author(s):  
Jun Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Point To Point

HREM studies of the carbonaceous material deposited on the cathode of a Huffman-Krätschmer arc reactor have shown a rich variety of multiple-walled nano-clusters of different shapes and forms. The preparation of the samples, as well as the variety of cluster shapes, including triangular, rhombohedral and pentagonal projections, are described elsewhere.The close registry imposed on the nanotubes, focuses attention on the cluster growth mechanism. The strict parallelism in the graphitic separation of the tube walls is maintained through changes of form and size, often leading to 180° turns, and accommodating neighboring clusters and defects. Iijima et. al. have proposed a growth scheme in terms of pentagonal and heptagonal defects and their combinations in a hexagonal graphitic matrix, the first bending the surface inward, and the second outward. We report here HREM observations that support Iijima’s suggestions, and add some new features that refine the interpretation of the growth mechanism. The structural elements of our observations are briefly summarized in the following four micrographs, taken in a Hitachi H-8100 TEM operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV and with a point-to-point resolution of 0.20 nm.

Designing TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) variants that are selective metalloproteinase inhibitors

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nagase ◽  
Keith Brew
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ridge Structure ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase

The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that play central roles in the degradation of extracellular matrix components. The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is important in the maintenance of tissues, and its disruption affects tissue homoeostasis. Four related TIMPs (TIMP-1 to TIMP-4) can each form a complex with MMPs in a 1:1 stoichiometry with high affinity, but their inhibitory activities towards different MMPs are not particularly selective. The three-dimensional structures of TIMP-MMP complexes reveal that TIMPs have an extended ridge structure that slots into the active site of MMPs. Mutation of three separate residues in the ridge, at positions 2, 4 and 68 in the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal inhibitory domain of TIMP-1 (N-TIMP-1), separately and in combination has produced N-TIMP-1 variants with higher binding affinity and specificity for individual MMPs. TIMP-3 is unique in that it inhibits not only MMPs, but also several ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (ADAM with thrombospondin motifs) metalloproteinases. Inhibition of the latter groups of metalloproteinases, as exemplified with ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase 1), requires additional structural elements in TIMP-3 that have not yet been identified. Knowledge of the structural basis of the inhibitory action of TIMPs will facilitate the design of selective TIMP variants for investigating the biological roles of specific MMPs and for developing therapeutic interventions for MMP-associated diseases.

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