FLIGHT SAFETY – NEW CONCEPTUAL AEROMEDICAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
E.A. Praskurnichiy ◽  
◽  
V.P. Kulichenko ◽  
E.I. Polubentseva ◽  
I.V. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Current Conception ◽  
Medical Certification ◽  
Certification Procedure ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Medical Risks

The authors examined the current conception of flight safety, medical risks management, prevention of accidents due to the human factor, and updated flight safety definition. Health and physiological examinations within the pilot medical certification procedure are, unconditionally, important determinants of flight safety. However, maintenance and realization of key professional qualities confront a number of extra- and intersystem factors that can create some level of risk. Mitigation of these risks and medical risks management should be taken as the basis for preventing aviation accidents caused by the human factor.

CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUPS OF AVIATION SPECIALISTS

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trifonov-Bogdanov ◽  
Leonid Vinogradov ◽  
Vladimir Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Operational Activities

During an operational process, activity is implemented through an ordered sequence of certain actions united by a common motive. Actions can be simple or complex. Simple actions cannot be split into elements having independent objectives. Complex actions can be presented in the form of a set of simple actions. If the logical organisation of this set is open, a complex action can be described as an algorithm consisting of simple actions. That means various kinds of operational activities develop from the same simple and typical actions, but in various sequences. Therefore, human error is always generated by a more elementary error of action. Thus, errors of action are the primary parameter that is universal for any kind of activity of an aviation specialist and can serve as a measure for estimating the negative influence of the human factor (HF) on flight safety. Aviation personnel are various groups of experts having various specialisations and working in various areas of civil aviation. It is obvious that their influence on conditions is also unequal and is defined by their degree of interaction with the performance of flights. In this article, the results of an analysis of air incidents will be presented.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT AVIATION SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Aleksey Anatolivich Kulik ◽  
Alexander Afanasievich Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Technical Direction ◽  
New Class ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article describes a new class of organizational and technical systems - intelligent aviation systems, whose operational principles provide the increased safety of an aircraft flight. The development of systems of this class is primarily explained by the need to record statistical data on the main causes of aviation accidents (human factor - up to 87%, failure of aviation equipment - up to 15%, external factors - 2% of all cases). A scientific problem is formulated related to the importance of creating methods for assessing and predicting the threat of an accident based on direct control of changes in the values of characteristics that affect flight safety. For this, it is proposed to use the methods and means of the scientific and technical direction of artificial intelligence, which will reveal the immediate causes of an aviation accident and prevent them using the flight safety management system. The technical characteristics are considered, the properties of the system under study are presented, which determine the principles of its functioning: intelligence, information content, speed, controllability, interdependence of subsystems, flight safety, including identification of the threat of an accident, its prediction and parry. The above principles of the functioning of the system under study, which are part of the methodology for managing the safety of an aircraft in flight, are implemented in a set of methods and algorithms. Among them should be noted the intelligent method for assessing the threat of an aviation accident, the method for predicting the threat of an accident, the method for supporting decision-making by the crew in the event of the threat of an accident, as well as the method for synthesizing the control law for countering the threat

scholarly journals Flight safety level improvement methodology based on the pilot model

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
A. D. Barabash ◽  
S. F. Borodkin ◽  
M. A. Kiselev ◽  
Yu. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Correct Sequence ◽  
Common Causes

Despite the regular efforts on the part of national regulators, the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Air Transport Association (ICAO and IATA), as well as on the developers of aeronautical equipment, the vast majority of accidents and incidents continue to occur due to the human factor. With the course of time, aircraft design and reliability are steadily and significantly improving, nevertheless, the number of aviation accidents is happening more and more frequently, including accidents with serviceable aircraft. Considerable evidence is the fact that a Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) remains one of the most common causes of aviation accidents. This is specified by a wide variety of problems that require the search for complex, interconnected solutions. Among these issues it is necessary to highlight the increasing sophistication of the aircraft as a technical system, as well as practically unchanged for more than half a century approaches to pilots training for the type and maintaining their qualifications based on pre-defined scenarios taking into consideration the previous experience of aircraft operation. One of the possible ways out of the situation may be the introduction of so-called concept of personnel training relying on the evidence-based training analysis (EBT) based not on the pursue to memorize a certain list of exercises but to develop each particular pilot’s skills and competences that could help him cope with any unpredictable situation. The key feature of EBT lies in refocusing on the analysis of original causes of unsuccessful maneuvers (actions of the pilot) primarily in order to correct the wrong actions instead of repeatedly complying with the "correct sequence of actions". In this regard, the tools providing a continuous analysis of the pilot's actions to identify errors for the purpose of realigning (forming) the pilot's professional competencies in due time, are of paramount importance. The article describes the content of the methodology representing an ultimate goal to develop recommendations aimed at improving pilot’s expertise based on generalized and personalized models of the pilot, as well as solving the inverse problem of flight dynamics using a comparative assessment of a particular pilot piloting quality.

scholarly journals Application of automated trajectory design for pilot flight assessment during route flights

Aviation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Tadas MASIULIONIS ◽  
Darius MINIOTAS ◽  
Darius RUDINSKAS ◽  
Ramūnas KIKUTIS ◽  
Gabrielė MASIULIONIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Difficult Issue

Flight accuracy in the airspace is becoming an increasingly difficult issue due to the expanding number of aircraft operating in it. In order to meet the needs of all airspace users, aircraft flows are being increased, and different aircraft systems that minimise the risk of aircraft accidents are being developed to ensure flight safety. However, statistically, the impact of the human factor on aviation accidents and incidents remains high. This article focuses on the assessment of pilot flight accuracy during route flights and presents a methodology based on automated assessment tunnels for accurately assessing pilot flight deviations from a pre-set flight trajectory axis both on the horizontal and vertical plane.

An Application of the HFACS Method to Aviation Accidents in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Munene
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Decision Errors

Abstract. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) methodology was applied to accident reports from three African countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. In all, 55 of 72 finalized reports for accidents occurring between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. In most of the accidents, one or more human factors contributed to the accident. Skill-based errors (56.4%), the physical environment (36.4%), and violations (20%) were the most common causal factors in the accidents. Decision errors comprised 18.2%, while perceptual errors and crew resource management accounted for 10.9%. The results were consistent with previous industry observations: Over 70% of aviation accidents have human factor causes. Adverse weather was seen to be a common secondary casual factor. Changes in flight training and risk management methods may alleviate the high number of accidents in Africa.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

scholarly journals Incorporating Hofstede’ National Culture in Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS): Cases of Indonesian Aviation Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Gradiyan Budi Pratama ◽  
Ari Widyanti ◽  
Iftikar Zahedi Sutalaksana
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Culture Result ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Low Uncertainty

National culture plays an important role in the application of ergonomics and safety. This research examined role of national culture in accident analysis of Indonesian aviation using framework of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). 53 Indonesian aviation accidents during year of 2001-2012 were analyzed using the HFACS framework by authors and were validated to 14 air-transport experts in Indonesia. National culture is viewed with Hofstede’ lens of national culture. Result shows that high collectivistic, low uncertainty avoidance, high power distance, and masculinity dimension which are characteristics of Indonesian culture, play an important role in Indonesian aviation accident and should be incorporated within HFACS. Result is discussed in relation with HFACS and Indonesian aviation accident analysis.

scholarly journals Safe engine-out landing of a passenger plane under the wind conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
M. A. Kiselev ◽  
S. V. Levitsky ◽  
V. A. Podobedov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Aircraft Control ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Minimum Drag ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Final Approach ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Engine Failure

The engine failure, according to the flight safety inspection of the Federal Air Transport Agency, caused 4 of 6 aviation accidents in 2017, including 2 air disasters. In general, from 2001 to 2017, events related to the engine failure became the second most frequent cause of aviation accidents (13% of aviation accidents and 12% of air disasters). The worst consequences are associated with the engine failure at the most difficult and crucial stage of the flight landing. For example, it was the engine failure on the final approach that caused the crash of the L-410UVP-E20 RA-67047 aircraft near the Nelkan airfield on November 15, 2017. The article discusses a limiting situation in some sense – the landing of an aircraft with all failed engines under the wind conditions. The authors have proposed for this situation a methodology of calculating the landing approach of an aircraft under the wind conditions in case of failure of all engines of its power plant to an aerodrome equipped with an outer marker. The key features of such methodology are, firstly, the absence of necessity to link the path to the landmarks in the landing aerodrome area, and, secondly, the simplicity of the synthesis and the implementation of the aircraft control based on the proposed methodology during landing in both manual and director or automatic modes. To calculate the approach using the proposed methodology, the crew only needs to know the following values: the minimum drag airspeed on final approach, the height of the flight over an outer marker before landing and spiral approach leg. The content of the methodology in the article is illustrated by the results of the approach calculation when all of the main engines of the Russian short-medium-range MS-21 aircraft fail under the wind conditions.

scholarly journals REDUCING INFLUENCE OF ADVERSE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS IN THE LOCAL AIRPORTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
A. L. Rybalkina ◽  
A. S. Spirin ◽  
E. I. Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The problem of the unfavorable weather conditions impact on aircraft, including electric discharges on aircraft, continues to be relevant. For the successful implementation of flights, aviation as a type of transport should ensure safety, regularity and economy of air transportation. The aerial meteorology always takes an active part in above problems solution, since flight safety depends on timely prediction of unfavorable weather conditions. Modern airfield and aircraft equipment, as well as a new meteorological technique, helped to improve flight safety and reduce the number of accidents associated with adverse weather conditions, but this did not solve all the problems of civil aviation meteorological support. This problem is especially acute in small airports, where there are often no means of meteorological support and warnings about dangerous weather phenomena or they are insufficient. The article analyzes various unfavorable weather conditions, their influence on aircraft, provides statistics related to unfavorable weather conditions of aviation accidents, and shows the proportion of meteorological conditions among the factors affecting safety. Particular attention is paid to the problem of electric discharges to aircraft. The consequences of electric discharges on aircraft, as well as weather conditions contributing to electric discharges, are analyzed. In order to improve flight safety at local airports, it is proposed to create mobile units for collecting, processing and transmitting meteorological information that is territorially spread over the aerodrome zone; it allows to create mobile meteorological radar network. The structural scheme of the deployment of the mobile network for meteorological radars is given.

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